Incongruence in Destination Image: Central Asia Region

References

• Appiah-Adu , K. , Fyall , A. and Singh , S. 2000 . Marketing culture and business performance in the airline industry . Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing , 8 ( 3 ) : 47 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Baloglu , S. 2001 . Image variations of Turkey by familiarity index: Informational and experiential dimensions . Tourism Management , 22 ( 2 ) : 127 – 133 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baloglu , S. and Brinberg , D. 1997 . Affective images of tourism destinations . Journal of Travel Research , 35 ( 4 ) : 11 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Baloglu , S. and McCleary , K. W. 1999 . A model of destination image formation . Annals of Tourism Research , 26 ( 4 ) : 868 – 897 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beerli , A. and Martin , J. D. 2004 . Factors influencing destination image . Annals of Tourism Research , 31 ( 3 ) : 657 – 681 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigné , J. , Sanchez , M. and Sanchez , J. 2001 . Tourism image, evaluation variables and after purchase behavior: Inter-relationships . Tourism Management , 22 ( 6 ) : 607 – 616 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler , R. W. 1990 . Alternative tourism: pious hope or Trojan horse? . Journal of Travel Research , 28 ( 3 ) : 40 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Camprubi , R. , Guia , J. and Jordi , C. 2008 . Destination networks and induced tourism image . Tourism Review , 63 ( 2 ) : 47 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Central Asia . 2011 . “ Central Asia ” . Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asia (accessed 6 September 2011)
   Google Scholar
• Chen , J. S. 2001 . A case of Korean outbound travelers’ destination images by using correspondence analysis . Tourism Management , 22 ( 4 ) : 345 – 350 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi , C. G. and Qu , H. 2008 . Examining the structural relationships of destination image, tourist satisfaction, and destination loyalty: An integrated approach . Tourism Management , 29 ( 4 ) : 624 – 636 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chon , K. S. 1991 . Tourism destination image modification process . Tourism Management , 12 ( 1 ) : 68 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Coathup , D. C. 1999 . Dominant actors in international tourism . International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management , 11 ( 2/3 ) : 69 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Connelly , G. 2007 . Testing governance – A research agenda for exploring urban tourism competitiveness policy: The case of Liverpool 1980–2000 . Tourism Geographies , 9 ( 1 ) : 84 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• Costello , A. B. and Osborne , J. W. 2005 . Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis . Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation , 10 ( 7 ) : 1 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Crompton , J. L. 1979 . An assessment of the image of Mexico as a vocation destination and the influence of geographical location upon that Image . Journal of Travel Research , 17 ( 1 ) : 18 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Crompton , J. L. 1992 . Structure of vacation destination choice set . Annals of Tourism Research , 19 ( 3 ) : 420 – 434 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronin , J. J. , Brady , M. K. and Hult , G. T. M. 2000 . Assessing the effects of quality, value and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments . Journal of Retailing , 76 ( 2 ) : 193 – 218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jager , A. E. 2010 . How dull is Dullstroom? Exploring the tourism destination image of Dullstroom . Tourism Geographies , 12 ( 3 ) : 349 – 370 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Echtner , C. M. and Ritchie , J. R. B. 1991 . The meaning and measurement of destination image . The Journal of Tourism Studies , 2 ( 2 ) : 2 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Echtner , C. M. and Ritchie , J. R. B. 2003 . The meaning and measurement of destination image . The Journal of Tourism Studies , 14 ( 1 ) : 37 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Elliot , S. , Papadopoulos , N. and Kim , S. S. 2011 . An integrative model of place image: Exploring relationships between destination, product, and country images . Journal of Travel Research , 50 ( 5 ) : 520 – 534 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fakeye , P. C. and Crompton , J. L. 1991 . Image differences between prospective, first-time, and repeat visitors to the Lower Rio Grande Valley . Journal of Travel Research , 30 ( 2 ) : 10 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Gallarza , M. G. , Saura , I. G. and Garcia , H. C. 2002 . Destination image: Towards a conceptual framework . Annals of Tourism Research , 29 ( 1 ) : 56 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gartner , W. C. 1989 . Tourism image: Attribute measurement of state tourism products using multidimensional scaling techniques . Journal of Travel Research , 28 ( 2 ) : 16 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Gartner , W. C. 1993 . Image formation process . Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing , 2 ( 2/3 ) : 191 – 215 .
   Google Scholar
• Gartner , W. C. 1997 . “ Image and sustainable tourism systems ” . In Tourism, Development and Growth: The Challenge of Sustainability , Edited by: Wahab , S. and Pigram , J. J. London : Routledge . Ch. 11
   Google Scholar
• Gartner , W. C. and Shen , J. 1992 . The impact of Tiananmen Square on China's tourism image . Journal of Travel Research , 30 ( 4 ) : 47 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , H. and Pennington-Gray , L. 2001 . “ Destination images and benefits sought from an international ski trip: A case study in active sport tourism ” . In The 2001 North American Society of Sport Management Virginia Beach , VA
   Google Scholar
• Green , C. , Lim , S. , Seo , W. and Sung , Y. 2010 . Effects of cultural exposure through pre-event media . Journal of Sport and Tourism , 15 ( 1 ) : 89 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Gunn , C. A. 1988 . Vacationscape: Designing Tourist Regions , 2nd ed , New York : Van. Nostrand Reinhold .
   Google Scholar
• Hair , J. F. , Black , B. , Babin , B. , Anderson , R. E. and Tatham , R. L. 2005 . Multivariate Data Analysis , 6th ed , New York : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Hanefors , M. and Mossberg , L. 2002 . TV travel – A pre-taste of the destination . Journal of Vacation Marketing , 8 ( 3 ) : 235 – 246 .
   Google Scholar
• Hanyu , K. 1993 . The affective meaning of Tokyo: Verbal and nonverbal approaches . Journal of Environmental Psychology , 13 ( 2 ) : 161 – 172 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins , O. H. 1999 . Understanding and measuring tourist destination images . International Journal of Tourism Research , 1 ( 1 ) : 1 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser , H. F. 1974 . An index of factorial simplicity . Psychometrika , 39 ( 1 ) : 31 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kantarci , K. 2006 . Perceptions of Central Asia travel conditions: Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan . Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing , 15 ( 2 ) : 55 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Kastenholz , E. 2010 . ‘Cultural proximity’ as a determinant of destination image . Journal of Vacation Marketing , 16 ( 4 ) : 313 – 322 .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , D. and Perdue , R. R. 2011 . The influence of image on destination attractiveness . Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing , 28 ( 3 ) : 225 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozak , M. 2001 . Comparative assessment of tourist satisfaction with destinations across two nationalities . Tourism Management , 22 ( 4 ) : 391 – 401 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozak , M. 2002 . Measuring comparative destination performance: A study in Spain and Turkey . Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing , 13 ( 3 ) : 83 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• KTO . 2011 . “ Korea Tourism Statistics ” . Available at http://korean.visitkorea.or.kr/kor/tt/knowledge_db/tour_statistics/korea_tour_stat/immigration_imcome/content/cms_view_247063.jsp (accessed 7 April 2011)
   Google Scholar
• Lee , C. K. , Lee , Y. K. and Lee , B. K. 2004 . Korea's destination image formed by the 2002 World Cup . Annals of Tourism Research , 32 ( 2 ) : 839 – 858 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , G. H. and Lee , C. K. 2009 . Cross-cultural comparison of the image of Guam perceived by Korean and Japanese leisure travelers: Importance–performance analysis . Tourism Management , 30 ( 6 ) : 922 – 931 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , M. , Cai , L. , Lehto , X. and Huang , J. 2010 . A missing link in understanding revisit intention – the role of motivation and image . Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing , 27 ( 4 ) : 335 – 348 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litvin , S. W. and Mouri , N. 2009 . A comparative study of the use of iconic versus generic advertising images for destination marketing . Journal of Travel Research , 48 ( 2 ) : 152 – 161 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKay , K. J. and Fesenmaier , D. R. 2000 . Travel information search and tourist behavior . Journal of Travel Research , 38 ( 4 ) : 417 – 423 .
   Google Scholar
• MacKay , K. J. and McVetty , D. 2002 . Images of first-time visitors to Queen Charlotte Islands and Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve . Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, Special Issue: Marketing in Parks , 20 ( 2 ) : 11 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Martinez , S. and Alvarez , M. 2010 . Country versus destination image in a developing country . Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing , 27 ( 7 ) : 748 – 764 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCartney , G. , Butler , R. and Bennett , M. 2008 . A strategic use of the communication mix in the destination image-formation process . Journal of Travel Research , 47 ( 2 ) : 183 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milman , A. and Pizam , A. 1995 . The role of awareness and familiarity with a destination: The central Florida case . Journal of Travel Research , 33 ( 3 ) : 21 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Nunnally , J. and Bernstein , I. 1994 . Psychometric Theory , 3rd ed , New York : MacGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• O’Brien , R. M. 2007 . A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors . Quality and Quantity , 41 ( 5 ) : 673 – 690 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver , R. 1980 . A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions . Journal of Marketing Research , 17 ( 11 ) : 460 – 469 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palacio , A. B. , Meneses , G. D. and Perez , P. J. 2002 . The configuration of the University image and its relationship with the satisfaction of students . Journal of Educational Administration , 40 ( 5 ) : 486 – 505 .
   Google Scholar
• Palmer , N. 2007 . Ethnic equality, national identity and selective cultural representation in tourism promotion: Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 15 ( 6 ) : 645 – 662 .
   Google Scholar
• Pan , S. 2011 . The role of TV commercial visuals in forming memorable and impressive destination images . Journal of Travel Research , 50 ( 2 ) : 171 – 185 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadimitriou , D. and Gibson , G. 2008 . Benefits sought and realized by active mountain sport tourists in Epirus, Greece: Pre- and Post-trip analysis . Journal of Sport and Tourism , 13 ( 1 ) : 37 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Pearce , P. L. 1982 . Perceived changes in holiday destinations . Annals of Tourism Research , 9 ( 2 ) : 145 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phelps , A. 1986 . Holiday destination image – the problem of assessment: An example development in Menorca . Tourism Management , 7 ( 3 ) : 168 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Pike , S. and Ryan , C. 2004 . Destination positioning analysis through a comparison of cognitive, affective, and conative perceptions . Journal of Travel Research , 42 ( 4 ) : 333 – 342 .
   Google Scholar
• Ramkissoon , H. , Uysal , M. and Brown , K. 2011 . Relationship between destination image and behavioral intentions of tourists to consume cultural attractions . Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management , 20 ( 5 ) : 575 – 595 .
   Google Scholar
• Reisinger , Y. and Turner , L. 2000 . Japanese tourism satisfaction with destination attributes: Gold Coast versus Hawaii . Journal of Vacation Marketing – An International Journal for the Tourism and Hospitality Industries , 6 ( 2 ) : 299 – 317 .
   Google Scholar
• Reisinger , Y. and Turner , L. 2003 . Cross-cultural Behavior in Tourism: Concepts and Analysis , Burlington , MA : Buttermann-Heinemann/Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Sealy , W. and Wickens , E. 2008 . The potential impact of mega sport media on the travel decision-making process and destination choice – the case of Portugal and Euro 2004 . Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing , 24 ( 2/3 ) : 127 – 137 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stabler , M. 1988 . “ The image of destination regions: Theoretical and empirical aspects ” . In Marketing in the Tourism Industry the Promotion of Destination Regions , Edited by: Goodall , B. and Ashworth , G. 133 – 161 . London : Croom Helm .
   Google Scholar
• Stepchenkova , S. and Eales , J. S. 2011 . Destination image as quantified media messages: The effect of news on tourism demand . Journal of Travel Research , 50 ( 2 ) : 198 – 212 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogt , C. and Fesenmaier , D. R. 1998 . Expanding the functional tourism information search model: incorporating aesthetic, hedonic, innovation and sign dimensions . Annals of Tourism Research , 25 ( 3 ) : 551 – 579 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walmsley , D. J. and Jenkins , J. M. 1992 . Tourism cognitive mapping of unfamiliar environments . Annals of Tourism Research , 19 ( 2 ) : 268 – 286 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walmsley , D. J. and Young , M. 1998 . Evaluative images and tourism: The use of personal constructs to describe the structure of destination images . Journal of Travel Research , 36 ( 3 ) : 65 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , C. and Hsu , M. 2010 . The relationships of destination image, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions: An integrated model . Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing , 27 ( 8 ) : 829 – 843 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodside , A. G. and Lysonski , S. 1989 . A general model of traveler destination choice . Journal of Travel Research , 27 ( 3 ) : 8 – 14 .
   Google Scholar