Gaze and reflexivity in postcolonial cinema: the pragmatic turn in critical tourism studies

References

• Achebe, C. (1977). An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness.” Massachusetts: The Massachusetts Review, 18(4), 782–794.
   Google Scholar
• Achebe, C. (1958). Things fall apart. William Heinemann Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Ahrenberg, S., Horberg, W., (Producers) & Noyce, P. (Director). (2002). The Quiet American [Motion picture]. Miramax.
   Google Scholar
• Aquino, R. S. (2019). Towards decolonizing tourism and hospitality research in the Philippines. Tourism Management Perspectives, 31, 72–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.03.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ateljevic, I., Hollinshead, K., & Ali, N. (2009). Special issue endnote: Tourism and worldmaking—Where do we go from here? Tourism Geographies, 11(4), 546–552. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680903262794
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attenborough, R. (Producer & Director). (1982). Gandhi [Motion picture]. Columbia Pictures.
   Google Scholar
• Bandyopadhyay, R. (2022). Consuming colonial nostalgia in Kolkata, India. Annals of Tourism Research, 95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2022.103427
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandyopadhyay, R. (2011). A photo ethnography of tourism as neo-colonialism. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(2), 714–718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2010.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baracco, A. (2017). Hermeneutics of the film world: A Ricoeurian method of film interpretation. Palgrave Macmillian.
   Google Scholar
• Baron, C., Nair, M., (Producers) & Nair, M. (Director). (2001). Monsoon wedding [Motion picture]. IFC Productions.
   Google Scholar
• Beauchamp, K., Broccoli, B., Goldberg, W., Levine, T., Reilly, M., Bennett, H., Zollo, F., (Producers) & Chukwu, C. (Director). (2022). Till [Motion picture]. Orion Pictures.
   Google Scholar
• Becklake, S., & Wynn-Hughes, E. (2023). The tourist transformation of postcolonial states: Human zoos, global tourism, competition and emergence of zoo-managing states. Tourism Geographies, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2023.2231410
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beeton, S. (2015). Travel, tourism, and the moving image. Channel View.
   Google Scholar
• Belmondo, A., Crosnier, G., (Producers) & Denis, C. (Director). (1988). Chocolat [Motion picture]. Cinemanuel.
   Google Scholar
• Betz, J. (1992). Dewey and Paulo Freire. Transactions of the Charles S. Pierce Society, 28(1), 107–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyer, C. (2010). Exploring postcolonial and feminist issues: “Rabbit-Proof Fence” in a teaching context. Changing English, 17(1), 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/13586840903557100
   Google Scholar
• Bianchi, R. (2009). The ‘critical turn’ in tourism studies: A radical critique. Tourism Geographies, 11(4), 484–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680903262653
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi, R. (2018). The political economy of tourism development: A critical review. Annals of Tourism Research, 70, 88–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.08.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bickford, L., del Toro, B., (Producers) & Soderbergh, S. (Director). (2008). Che [Motion picture, Parts 1 and 2]. Section Eight Productions.
   Google Scholar
• Black, T., McFarland, J., Mone, J., Smith, W., (Producers) & Fuqua, A. (Director). (2022). Emancipation [Motion picture]. Apple.
   Google Scholar
• Boluk, K., & Carnicelli, S. (2019). Tourism for the emancipation of the oppressed: Towards a critical tourism education drawing on Freirean philosophy. Annals of Tourism Research, 76, 168–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botterill, D. (2007). A realist critique of the situated voice in tourism studies. In I. Ateljevic, A. Pritchard, & N. Morgan (Eds.), The critical turn in tourism studies: Innovative research methodologies. Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Bowles, P. (1949). The sheltering sky. John Lehmann.
   Google Scholar
• Brabourne, J., Goodwin, R. B., (Producers) & Lean, D. (Director). (1984). A passage to India [Motion picture]. Columbia Pictures.
   Google Scholar
• Bramwell, B., & Lane, B. (2014). The “critical turn” and implications for sustainable tourism research. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.855223
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Britton, S. (1982). The political economy of tourism in the third world. Annals of Tourism Research, 9(3), 331–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(82)90018-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brohman, J. (1996). New directions in tourism for third world development. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(1), 48–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00043-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brosnan, T., Filep, S., & Rock, J. (2015). Exploring synergies: Hopeful tourism and citizen science. Annals of Tourism Research, 53, 96–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunner, A., & Liechti, H. (2021). Pop–power–positions: Engaging with the (post)Colonial in popular music studies: An introduction. In Pop–Power–Positions: Globale Beziehungen und populäre Musik (∼Vibes –The IASPM D-A-CH Series 1). IASPM D-A-CH. www.vibes-theseries.org/brunner-liechti-introduction.
   Google Scholar
• Butowski, L., & Butowski, S. (2022). Exploring ontology of tourism: A new-realist approach. Journal of Travel Research, 62(4), 719–733. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875221119966
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cain, D. (2006). Is a fence too far? Postcolonial guilt and the myth of distance in Rabbit Proof Fence. Third Text, 18(4), 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/0952882042000229881
   Google Scholar
• Canning, I., Sherman, E., (Producers) & Curran, J. (Director). (2013). Tracks [Motion picture]. See-Saw Films.
   Google Scholar
• Carnicelli, S., Boluk, K., & Canosa, A. (2022). Paulo Freire 100: A commentary from tourism scholars. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 30, 100377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2022.100377
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrigan, A. (2011). Postcolonial tourism: Literature, culture, and environment. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Chambers, D., & Buzinde, C. (2015). Tourism and decolonization: Locating research and self. Annals of Tourism Research, 51, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chio, J. (2018). Afterward: Filmmaking as critical participant observation. International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, 6(3), 297. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTA.2018.093327
   Google Scholar
• Clark, A., Hamlyn, M., (Producers) & Elliott, S. (Director). (1994). The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert [Motion picture]. Roadshow Films.
   Google Scholar
• Claybourne, D., Ladd, D., Cohen, R., (Producers) & Craven, W. (Director). (1988). The Serpent and the rainbow [Motion picture]. Universal Pictures.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, E. (1979). Rethinking the sociology of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(1), 18–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(79)90092-6
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, E. (1972). Toward a sociology of international tourism. Social Research, 39, 164–182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colson, C., Winfrey, O., Gardner, D., Kleiner, J., (Producers) & DuVernay, A. (Director). (2015). Selma [Motion picture]. Paramount Pictures.
   Google Scholar
• Conrad, J. (1991). Heart of darkness. Blackwood’s Magazine. (Original work published 1899)
   Google Scholar
• Coppola, F. F. (Producer & Director) (1979). Apocalypse now [Motion picture]. United Artists.
   Google Scholar
• Crossley, E. (2019). Deep reflexivity in tourism research. Tourism Geographies, 23(1-2), 206–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2019.1571098
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson, R. (1995). Tracks. Vintage Books.
   Google Scholar
• d’Hauteserre, A. M. (2004). Postcolonialism, colonialism, and tourism. In A Companion to Tourism. Lew, A.A., Hall, M. C., & William, A.M., eds. Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Denis, C. (Director). (2009). White material [Motion picture]. Wild Bunch Distribution
   Google Scholar
• Dewey, J. (1934). Art as experience. Minton, Balch.
   Google Scholar
• Dewey, J. (1927). The public and its problems. Holt.
   Google Scholar
• Dinesen, I. (Blixen, Karen). (1937). Out of Africa. G. P. Putnam’s Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Etemaddar, M., Duncan, T., & Tucker, H. (2015). Experiencing ‘moments of home’ through diaspora tourism and travel. Tourism Geographies, 18(5), 503–519. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2016.1220973
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everingham, P., & Motta, S. C. (2022). Decolonizing the ‘autonomy of effect’ in volunteer tourism encounters. Tourism Geographies, 24(2–3), 223–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1713879
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feige, K., (Producer) & Coogler, R. (Director). (2018). Black panther [Motion picture]. Marvel Studios.
   Google Scholar
• Feighery, W. (2006). Reflexivity and tourism research: Tell an(other) story. Current Issues in Tourism, 9(3), 269–282. https://doi.org/10.2167/cit/mp006.0
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald, M., (Producer) & Beresford, B. (Director). (1990). Mister Johnson [Motion picture]. 20th Century Fox.
   Google Scholar
• Forester, J. (2013). On the theory and practices of critical pragmatism: Deliberative practice and creative negotiations. Planning Theory, 12(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095212448750
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forester, J. (1999). The deliberative practitioner: Encouraging participatory planning processes. M.I.T. Press.
   Google Scholar
• Forster, E. M. (1924). A passage to India. Harcourt Brace.
   Google Scholar
• Friere, P. 2000. Pedagogy of the oppressed. Bloomsbury Press. (Original work published 1970)
   Google Scholar
• Freitag, T. G. (1994). Enclave tourism development for whom the bell tolls? Annals of Tourism Research, 21, 538–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)90119-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu, Y. (2019). Breaking through the Rabbit-Proof Fence: Colonial displacement and Aboriginal resistance in Doris Pilkington Garimarra’s storytelling. Concentric Literary and Cultural Studies, 45(1), 167–188. https://doi.org/10.6240/concentric.lit.201903_45(1).0008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fullagar, S., & Wilson, E. (2012). Critical pedagogies: A reflexive approach to knowledge creation in tourism and hospitality studies. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 19(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1017/jht.2012.3
   Google Scholar
• Goldenberg, M., Lee, J. W., & O’Bannon, T. (2010). Enhancing recreation, parks, tourism courses: Using movies as teaching tools. The Journal of Hospitality Leisure Sport and Tourism, 9(2), 4–16. https://doi.org/10.3794/johlste.92.215
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grieff, L. K. (2006). Conrad’s ethics and the margins of Apocalypse now. In P. B. Armstrong (Ed.), Heart of darkness: Authoritative text backgrounds and contexts criticism. W.W. Norton & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Grimwood, B. S. R., & Johnson, C. W. (2022). Collective memory work as an unsettling methodology in tourism. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Grimwood, B. S. R., Stinson, M. J., & King, L. J. (2019). A decolonizing settler story. Annals of Tourism Research, 79, 102763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.102763
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene, G. (1955). The quiet American. William Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, C. M., & Tucker, H. (2004). Tourism and postcolonialism: Contested discourses, identities, and representations. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hampson, T., & McKinley, J. (2023). Problems posing as solutions: Criticising pragmatism as a paradigm for mixed research. Research in Education, 116(1), 124–138. https://doi.org/10.1177/00345237231160085
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrigan, N. (1974). The legacy of Caribbean history and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 2(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(74)90053-X
   Google Scholar
• Harrill, R., Cárdenas, D. A., & Dioko, L. A. N. (2021). Travel, transformation, and enlightenment in film: A critical review. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(16), 2557–2570. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1980504
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, C., Wilson, E., & Ateljevic, I. (2007). Structural entanglements and the strategy of auditing as a reflexive technique. In I. Ateljevic, A. Pritchard, & N. Morgan (Eds.), The critical turn in tourism studies: Innovative research methodologies. Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Herrmann, P., (Producer) & Link, C. (Director). (2001). Nigrendwo in Afrika (Nowhere in Africa) [Motion picture]. Bavaria Film.
   Google Scholar
• Herrschner, I., & Cheer, J. M. (2018). Editorial: Synthesising film, representation, and othering: Film festivals and nation branding redux. International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, 6(3), 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTA.2018.093327
   Google Scholar
• Higbee, W., & Lim, S. H. (2010). Towards a critical transnationalism in film studies. International Cinema, 1(1), 7–21. https://doi.org/10.1386/trac.1.1.7/1
   Google Scholar
• Hills, T., & Lundgren, J. (1977). The impact of tourism in the Caribbean: A methodological study. Annals of Tourism Research, 4(5), 248–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(77)90098-6
   Google Scholar
• Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2022). The ongoingness of imperialism: The problem of tourism dependency and the promise of radical equality. Annals of Tourism Research, 94, 103382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2022.103382
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins-Desbiolles, F., & Whyte, K. P. (2013). No high hopes for hopeful tourism: A critical comment. Annals of Tourism Research, 40(1), 428–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.07.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho, A. K., (Producers) & George, T. (Director). (2004). Hotel Rwanda [Motion picture]. United Artists.
   Google Scholar
• Hondo, M. (1970). Soleil O [Motion Picture]. New Yorker Films.
   Google Scholar
• Hollinshead, K., Suleman, R., & Nair, B. B. (2021). The unsettlement of tourism studies, positive decolonialization, deep listening, and dethinking today. Tourism, Culture, and Communication, 21(2), 143–160. https://doi.org/10.3727/109830421X16191799472033
   Google Scholar
• Hollinshead, K., Suleman, R., & Vellah, A. (2021). The reimagination of tourism studies: Positive renewal, restoration, and revival today. Tourism, Culture, & Communication, 21(3), 259–276. https://doi.org/10.3727/194341421X16231805260340
   Google Scholar
• Hollinshead, K., Suleman, R., & Yu Lo, C. (2021). The evocative power of tourism studies: Positive interruption, interdependence, and imaging forward today. Tourism, Culture, & Communication, 21, 353–373. https://doi.org/10.3727/109830421X16257465701963
   Google Scholar
• Höckert, E., Lüthje, M., Ilola, H., & Stewart, E. (2018). Gazes and faces in tourism photography. Annals of Tourism Research, 73, 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2018.09.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollinshead, K. (2007). Worldmaking’ and the transformation of place and culture. The enlightenment of Meethan’s analysis of tourism and global change. In I. Ateljevic, A. Pritchard, & N. Morgan (Eds.), The critical turn in tourism studies: Innovative research methodologies. Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Hollinshead, K., Ateljevic, I., & Ali, N. (2009). Worldmaking agency—worldmaking authority: The sovereign constitutive role of tourism. Tourism Geographies, 11(4), 427–443. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680903262562
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooks, B. (1992). The oppositional gaze: Black female spectators. South End Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jinks, D., Cohen, B., (Producers) & Van Sant, G. (Director). (2008). Milk [Motion picture]. Jinks/Cohen Company.
   Google Scholar
• Jordan, F., & Aitchison, C. (2008). Tourism and the sexualization of the gaze: Solo female tourists’ experiences of gendered power, surveillance, and embodiment. Leisure Studies, 27(3), 329–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614360802125080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, C. R. (2012). Neocolonialism and the global prison in National Geographic’s Locked Up Abroad. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 29(4), 331–347. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2011.645843
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, C., Belland, B. R., Baabdullah, A., Lee, E., Dinç, E., & Zhang, A. Y. (2021). An ethnomethodological study of abductive reasoning while tinkering. AERA Open, 7, 233285842110081. https://doi.org/10.1177/23328584211008111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, C. D., Cooper, R., King, S., (Producers) & King, S. (Director). (2021). Judas and the black messiah [Motion picture]. Warner Brothers.
   Google Scholar
• Klein, D. (2016). Narrating a different hi(story): The affective work of counter-discourse in Doris Pilkington’s Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence. Interventions, 18(4), 588–604. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369801X.2015.1079495
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korstanje, M. E. (2023). Tourism imagination: A new epistemological debate. Current Issues in Tourism, 26(2), 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.2023481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kothari, U. (2013). Political discourses of climate change and migration: Resettlement policies in the Maldives. The Geographical Journal, 180(2), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen, J., & Urry, J. (2011). Gazing and performing. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 20, 1110–1125. https://doi.org/10.1068/d214
   Google Scholar
• Law, L., Bunnell, T., & Ong, C. (2007). The beach, the gaze, and film tourism. Tourist Studies, 7(2), 141–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797607083499
   Google Scholar
• Leheny, D. (1995). A political economy of Asian sex tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(2), 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)00082-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, L. (2022). Critical realist approach: A solution to tourism’s most pressing matter. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(10), 1541–1556. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1944994
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, B., & Fu, X. (2021). Gaze and tourist-host relationship—state of the art. Tourism Review, 76(1), 138–149. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-11-2019-0459
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litvinoff, S., (Producer) & Roeg, N. S. (Director). (1971). Walkabout [Motion picture]. 20th Century Fox.
   Google Scholar
• Livingstone, D., (Producer) & Warchus, M. (Director) (2014). Pride [Motion picture]. B.B.C. Films.
   Google Scholar
• Maldoror, S. (1972). Sambizanga [Motion Picture]. New Yorker Films.
   Google Scholar
• Marley, Z., Marley, R., Marley, C., Kleiner, J., Gardner, D., & Teitel, R. (2024). Marley: One Love [Motion picture]. Tuff Gong.
   Google Scholar
• Marquardt, W. H. (1992). Dialectical archeology. Archeological Method and Theory, 4, 101–140.
   Google Scholar
• Macedo, D. (2000). Introduction. In Pablo Freire’s Pedagogy of the oppressed (p. 17). Bloomsbury.
   Google Scholar
• Mendes, L. A., (Producer) & Rocha, G. (Director) (1964). Black god, white devil [Motion picture]. Copacabana Films.
   Google Scholar
• Minca, C., Rijke, A., Pallister-Wilkins, P., Tazzioli, M., Vigneswaran, D., van Houtum, H., & van Uden, A. (2021). Rethinking the biopolitical: Borders, refugees, mobilities…. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 40(1), 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654420981389
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mkono, M. (2016). The reflexive tourist. Annals of Tourism Research, 57, 206–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.01.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modesti, S. (2011). Looking at you looking at me: An autoethnographic account of a tattooed female and (re)appropriation of the tourist gaze. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 11(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v11i2.528
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, N., Pritchard, A., Causevic, A., & Minnaert, L. (2018). Ten years of critical tourism: Reflections on the road less traveled. Tourism Analysis, 23(2), 183–187. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354218X15210313504535
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moriarty, J. P. (2012). Theorising scenario analysis to improve future perspective planning in tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(6), 779–800. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.673619
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mowatt, R. (2022). A people’s history of leisure studies: Colonial pedagogies, touring empires. Annals of Tourism Research, 96, 103462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2022.103462
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mura, P., & Wijesinghe, S. N. R. (2023). Critical theories in tourism—a systematic review. Tourism Geographies, 25(2–3), 487–507. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2021.1925733
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musu, A., Yacef, S., (Producers) & Pontecorvo, G. (Director). (1966). The battle of Algiers [Motion picture]. Igor Films.
   Google Scholar
• Nair, M., Baron, C., (Producers) & Nair, M. (Director). (2002). Monsoon wedding [Motion picture]. Universal Studios.
   Google Scholar
• Nair, M., Nozik, M., (Producers) Nair, M. (Director). (1988). Salaam bombay! [Motion picture]. Channel Four Films.
   Google Scholar
• Noy, C. (2007). The language(s) of the tourist experience: An autoethnography of the poetic tourist. In I. Ateljevic, A. Pritchard, & N. Morgan, (Eds.), The critical turn in tourism studies: Innovative research methodologies. Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Nunning, V., Nunning, A., & Neumann, B., (Eds.). (2010). Cultural ways of worldmaking: Media and narratives. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110227567
   Google Scholar
• Noyce, P., Olsen, C., Winter, J., (Producers) & Noyce, P. (Director). (2002). Rabbit-Proof fence [Motion picture]. Becker Entertainment.
   Google Scholar
• O’Bannon, T., & Goldenberg, M. (2008). Teaching with movies: Recreation, sports, tourism, and physical education. Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Oliver, M. A., & Vayne, J. (2015). Big data and the future of knowledge production in marketing research: Ethics, digital traces, and abductive reasoning. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 3, 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1057/jma.2015.1
   Google Scholar
• Orwell, G. (1934). Burmese days. Harper & Brothers.
   Google Scholar
• Osagie, I., & Buzinde, C. N. (2013). Culture and postcolonial resistance: Antigua in Kincaid’s A small place. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(1), 210–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2010.08.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer, C. (1994). Tourism and colonialism: The experience of the Bahamas. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(4), 792–811. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)900841
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, H. (2016). Tourism as reflexive reconstruction of colonial past. Annals of Tourism Research, 58, 114–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.03.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pernecky, T. (2020). Critical tourism scholars: Brokers of hope. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 657–666. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1760925
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, J., (Director) & Singleton, J. (Director) (1997). Rosewood. Warner Brothers.
   Google Scholar
• Pitt, B., Gardner, D., Kleiner, J., Poland, B., McQueen, S., Michan, A., Katagas, A., (Producers) & McQueen, S. (Director) (2013). (Director). 12 years a slave [Motion picture]. Regency Enterprises.
   Google Scholar
• Platenkamp, V., & Botterill, D. (2013). Critical realism, rationality and tourism knowledge. Annals of Tourism Research, 41, 110–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.12.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polanski, R., Robert, B., Sarde, A., (Producers) & Polanski, R. (Director). (2002). The pianist [Motion picture]. Canal+.
   Google Scholar
• Pollack, S. (Producer & Director). (1985). Out of Africa [Motion picture]. Universal Pictures.
   Google Scholar
• Pritchard, A., & Morgan, N. (2000). Privileging the male gaze: Gendered tourism landscapes. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(4), 884–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00113-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pritchard, A., Morgan, N., & Ateljevic, I. (2011). Hopeful tourism: A new transformative perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 941–963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.01.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puttnam, D., (Producer) & Joffé, R. (Director). (1984). The killing fields [Motion picture]. Warner Brothers.
   Google Scholar
• Rapanta, C. (2018). Teaching as abductive reasoning: The role of argumentation. Informal Logic, 38(2), 293–311. https://doi.org/10.22329/il.v38i2.4849
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rittel, W. J., & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences, 4(2), 155–169. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4531523?origin=JSTOR-pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Said, E. W. (2003). Orientalism. Penguin Classics. JBA Productions.
   Google Scholar
• Samarathunga, W. H. M. S., & Cheng, L. (2020). Tourist gaze and beyond: State of the art. Tourism Review, 76(2), 344–357. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-06-2020-0248
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sembene, O. (1968). Mandabi [Motion picture]. New Yorker Films.
   Google Scholar
• Sembene, O. (1973). Xala [Motion picture]. New Yorker Films.
   Google Scholar
• Scholes, R., (Producer) & Tamahori, L. (Director) (1994). Once were warriors [Motion picture]. Fine Line Features.
   Google Scholar
• Schon, D. A. (1987). Educating the reflexive practitioner: Toward an innovative design for teaching and learning the professions. Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Schon, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Spielberg, S., Allen, D., Wilson, C., (Producers) & Spielberg, S. (Director). (1997). Amistad [Motion picture]. DreamWorks.
   Google Scholar
• Spielberg, S., Molen, G., Lustig, B., (Producers) & Spielberg, S. (Director). (1993). Schindler’s list [Motion picture]. Universal.
   Google Scholar
• Steel, C., Bryer, L., Calderwood, A., (Producers) & Macdonald, K. (Director). (2006). The last king of Scotland [Motion picture]. Fox Searchlight Pictures.
   Google Scholar
• Stinson, M., Grimwood, B. S. R., & Caton, K. (2021). Becoming common plantain: Metaphor, setter responsibility and decolonizing tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(2-3), 234–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1734605
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, J., (Producer) & Bertolucci, B. (Director). (1990). The sheltering sky [Motion picture]. Warner Brothers.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, D., Singh, A., (Producers) & Chadwick, J. (Director). (2013). Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom [Motion picture]. 20th Century Fox.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, J. B. (1981). Critical hermeneutics: Paul Ricoeur and Jurgen Habermas. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Trapp-Fallon, J. (2007). Pursuing the past: Using oral history to bring transparency to the research process. In I. Ateljevic, A. Pritchard, & N. Morgan (Eds.), The critical turn in tourism studies: Innovative research methodologies. Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Tribe, J. (2002). The philosophic practitioner. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2), 338–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00038-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tribe, J. (2007). Critical tourism: Rules and resistance. In I. Ateljevic, A. Pritchard, & N. Morgan (Eds.), The critical turn in tourism studies: Innovative research methodologies. Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Tribe, J. (2008). Tourism: A critical business. Journal of Travel Research, 46(3), 245–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507304051
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tribe, J., & Paddison, B. (2021). Degrees of change: Activating philosophic practitioners. Annals of Tourism Research, 91, 103290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103290
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tribe, J., & Paddison, B. (2023). Critical tourism strategy. Annals of Tourism Research, 98, 103511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2022.103511
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripura, K., Butler, G., Szili, G., & Hannam, K. (2023). Indigenous resistance to settler colonialism: Tourism stories from the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Tourism Geographies, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2023.2231424
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tschaepe, M. (2014). Guessing and abduction. Transactions of the Charles S. Pierce Society, 50 (1), 115–138. https://doi.org/10.2979/trancharpeirsoc.50.1.115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker, H., & Hayes, S. (2021). Decentering scholarship through learning with/from each ‘other.’. Tourism Geographies, 23(4), 704–724. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2019.1625070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker, H. (2009). Recognizing emotion and its postcolonial potentialities: Discomfort and shame in a tourism encounter in Turkey. Tourism Geographies, 11(4), 444–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680903262612
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker, H. (2007). Performing a young people’s package tour of New Zealand: Negotiating appropriate performances of place. Tourism Geographies, 9(2), 139–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680701278497
   Google Scholar
• Unger, R. M. (1987). Politics: The central texts. Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Urry, J. (1990). The tourism gaze. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Urry, J. (1992). The tourist gaze ‘revisited’. American Behavioral Scientist, 36(2), 172–186. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764292036002005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urry, J., & Larsen, J. (2011). The tourist gaze 3.0. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Walter, P. (2023). Settler colonialism and the violent geographies of tourism in the California redwoods, Tourism Geographies, 25(1), 243–264, https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1867888
   Google Scholar
• Weaver-Hightower, R., & Hume, P. (2014). Postcolonial film: History, empire, resistance. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• West, C. (1989). The American evasion of philosophy: A genealogy of pragmatism. University of Wisconsin Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wijesinghe, S. N., R. (2020). Researching coloniality: A reflection on identity. Annals of Tourism Research, 82, 102901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102901
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijesinghe, S. N. R., Mura, P., & Bouchon, F. (2019). Tourism knowledge and neocolonialism—a systematic critical review of the literature. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(11), 1263–1279. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1402871
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, C., Nash, M., (Producers) & Issac, J. (Director). (1996). Frantz Fanon: Black skin, white mask [Motion picture].
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, E., Mura, P., Sharif, S.P., & Wijesinghe, S.N.R (2020). Beyond the third moment? Mapping the state of qualitative tourism research, Current Issues in Tourism, 23(7), 795–810, https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1568971
   Google Scholar
• Winter, T. (2002). Angkor meets Tomb Raider: Setting the scene. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 8(4), 323–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/1352725022000037218
   Google Scholar
• Workneh, T. W., & Stevens, L. H. (2019). Anthony Bourdain: Parks Unknown in Africa: Cultural Brokerage, “Going Native,” and Colonial Nostalgia. International Journal of Communication, 13, 5525–5547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worth, M., Lee, S., (Producers) & Lee, S. (Director). (1992). Malcolm X [Motion Picture]. Warner Brothers.
   Google Scholar
• Vannini, P. (2008). Critical pragmatism. In L. M. Given (Ed.), The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, C. X., Yankholmes, A., & Morgan, N. (2022). Promoting postcolonial destinations: Paradoxical relations between decolonization and “East meets West”. Tourism Management, 90, 104458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104458
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., & Xu, H. (2023). The power dynamics of host-tourist interactions. Annals of Tourism Research, 98, 103509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2022.103509
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zweig, S. (1995). Nigrendwo in Afrika (Nowhere in Africa) [Motion picture]. Langen Müller.
   Google Scholar
• Zwoboda, A., (Producer) & Sembene, O. (Director). (1966). Black girl [Motion picture]. New Yorker Video.
   Google Scholar