References
- Abeysinghe, S. 2016. “Ebola at the Borders: Newspaper Representations and the Politics of Border Control.” Third World Quarterly 37 (3): 452–467. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1111753.
- Allington, D., B. Duffy, S. Wessely, N. Dhavan, and J. Rubin. 2020. “Health-protective Behaviour, Social Media Usage and Conspiracy Beliefs During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency.” Psychological Medicine, 1–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172000224X.
- Basch, C. H., I. C.-H. Fung, R. N. Hammond, E. B. Blankenship, Z. T. H. Tse, K.-W. Fu, P. Ip, and C. E. Basch. 2017. “Zika Virus on YouTube: An Analysis of English-Language Video Content by Source.” Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 50: 133–140. doi:https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.107.
- Beauchamp, Z. 2020. “Hungary’s ‘Coronavirus Coup,’ Explained.” VOX, April 15. Accessed September 22, 2020. https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2020/4/15/21193960/coronavirus-COVID-19-hungary-orban-trump-populism.
- Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2006. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
- Briggs, C. L., and D. Hallin. 2017. Making Health Public: How News Coverage is Remaking Media, Medicine, and Contemporary Life. London: Routledge.
- Brogi, E., R. Carlini, I. Nenadic, P. L. Parcu, and M. V. Cunha. 2020. Media Pluralism Monitor: Monitoring Media Pluralism in the Digital Era. Florence: Centre for Media Pluralism and Freedom. https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/67828/MPM2020-PolicyReport.pdf?.
- Casero-Ripollés, A. 2020. “Impact of COVID-19 on the Media System. Communicative and Democratic Consequences of News Consumption During the Outbreak.” El profesional de la información 29 (2): e290223. doi:https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.mar.23.
- Chadwick, A. 2013. The Hybrid Media System: Politics and Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Chew, C., and G. Eysenbach. 2010. “Pandemics in the Age of Twitter: Content Analysis of Tweets During the 2009 H1N1 Outbreak.” PLoS ONE 5 (11): e14118. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014118.
- Couldry, N., S. Livingstone, and T. Markham. 2006. Media Consumption and Public Engagement: Beyond the Presumption of Attention. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
- Dayan, D., and E. Katz. 1992. Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Downey, J., and S. Mihelj. 2012. Central and Eastern European Media in Comparative Perspective: Politics, Economy, Culture. Farnham: Ashgate.
- European National Panels. n.d. https://www.nationalpanel.eu/.
- Ferrara, E. 2020. “What Types of COVID-19 Conspiracies are Populated by Twitter Bots?” First Monday 25: 6. doi:https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v25i6.10633.
- Fridman, I., N. Lucas, D. Henke, and C. K. Zigler. 2020. “Association Between Public Knowledge About COVID-19, Trust in Information Sources, and Adherence to Social Distancing: Cross-Sectional Survey.” JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 6 (3): e22060. doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/22060.
- Gaglia, M. A., Jr., R. L. Cook, K. L. Kraemer, and M. B. Rothberg. 2008. “Patient Knowledge and Attitudes About Avian Influenza in an Internal Medicine Clinic.” Public Health 122 (5): 462–470. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2007.07.021.
- Government of the Czech Republic. 2020. “Measures Adopted by the Czech Government Against the Coronavirus.” Press Advisories, June 23. Accessed September 22, 2020. https://www.vlada.cz/en/media-centrum/aktualne/measures-adopted-by-the-czech-government-against-coronavirus-180545/.
- Greenberg, J. 2010. “"There's Nothing Anyone Can Do about It": Participation, Apathy, and "Successful" Democratic Transition in Postsocialist Serbia.” Slavic Review 69 (1): 41–64.
- Gruzd, A., and P. Mai. 2020. “Going Viral: How a Single Tweet Spawned a COVID-19 Conspiracy Theory on Twitter.” Big Data & Society, Online First, doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951720938405.
- Hallin, D. C., C. L. Briggs, C. Mantini-Briggs, H. Spinelli, and A. Sy. 2020. “Mediatización de las pandemias: la cobertura sobre la gripe A (H1N1) de 2009 en Argentina, Estados Unidos y Venezuela.” Comunicación y Sociedad, e7207. doi:https://doi.org/10.32870/cys.v2020.7207.
- Hanley, S., and M. A. Vachudova. 2018. “Understanding the Illiberal Turn: Democratic Backsliding in the Czech Republic.” East European Politics 34 (3): 276–296.
- Islam, M. S., T. Sarkar, S. H. Khan, A.-H. M. Kamal, S. M. M. Hasan, A. Kabir, D. Yeasmin, et al. 2020. “COVID-19–Related Infodemic and Its Impact on Public Health: A Global Social Media Analysis.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 00 (0): 1–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0812.
- Jakubowicz, K., and M. Sukosd, eds. 2008. Finding the Right Place on the Map: Central and Eastern European Media in Global Perspective. Budapest: Central University Press.
- Jiang, J., E. Chen, S. Yan, K. Lerman, and E. Ferrara. 2020. “Political Polarization Drives Online Conversations About COVID-19 in the United States.” Human Behaviour & Emerging Technologies 2: 200–211. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.202.
- Liebes, T. 1998. “Television’s Disaster Marathons: A Danger for Democratic Processes?” In Media, Identity and Ritual, edited by T. Liebes, and J. Curran, 71–86. London: Routledge.
- Motta, M., D. Stecula, and C. E. Farhart. 2020. “How Right-Leaning Media Coverage of COVID-19 Facilitated the Spread of Misinformation in the Early Stages of the Pandemic.” SocArXiv, 18 April 18. doi:https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/a8r3p.
- Newman, N., with R. Fletcher, A. Kalogeropoulos, and R. K. Nielsen. 2020. Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020. Oxford: Oxford University: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
- Nielsen, R. K., R. Fletcher, N. Newman, J. S. Brennen, and P. N. Howard. 2020. Navigating the ‘Infodemic’: How People in Six Countries Access and Rate News and Information About Coronavirus. Oxford: Oxford University: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
- Noelle-Neumann, E. 1974. “The Spiral of Silence: A Theory of Public Opinion.” Journal of Communication 24: 43–51.
- Ofcom. 2020. “COVID-19 News and Information: Consumption and Attitudes. Results from Week One of Ofcom’s Online Survey.” Accessed October 2, 2020. https://www.ofcom.org.uk/research-and-data/tv-radio-and-on-demand/news-media/coronavirus-news-consumption-attitudes-behaviour/previous-results.
- Roy, M., N. Moreau, C. Rousseau, A. Mercier, A. Wilson, and L. Atlani-Duault. 2020. “Ebola and Localized Blame on Social Media: Analysis of Twitter and Facebook Conversations During the 2014–2015 Ebola Epidemic.” Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry 44: 56–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-019-09635-8.
- Sell, T. K., D. Hosangadi, and M. Trotochaud. 2020. “Misinformation and the US Ebola Communication Crisis: Analyzing the Veracity and Content of Social Media Messages Related to a Fear-Inducing Infectious Disease Outbreak.” BMC Public Health 20: 550–560. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08697-3.
- Sharma, M., K. Yadav, N. Yadav, and K. D. Ferdinand. 2017. “Zika Virus Pandemic—Analysis of Facebook as a Social Media Health Information Platform.” American Journal of Infection Control 45: 301–302. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.08.022.
- Simonov, A., S. K. Sacher, J.-P. H. Dubé, and S. Biswas. 2020. “The Persuasive Effect of Fox News: Non-Compliance with Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” NBER Working Paper No. 27237.
- Sirotnikova, M. G., E. Inotai, N. Watson, and C. Ciobanu. 2020. “Central Europe: From pandemic exemplar to pariah.” Reporting Democracy, October 15. https://balkaninsight.com/2020/10/15/central-europe-from-pandemic-exemplar-to-pariah/.
- Stojanović, M. 2020. “Serbian Reporter’s Arrest Over Pandemic Article Draws PM’s Apology.” Balkan Insight, April 2. Accessed September 22, 2020. https://balkaninsight.com/2020/04/02/serbian-reporters-arrest-over-pandemic-article-draws-pms-apology/.
- Sumiala, J., K. Valaskivi, M. Tikka, and M. Huhtamaki. 2018. Hybrid Media Events: The Charlie Hebdo Attacks and the Global Circulation of Terrorist Violence. Bingley: Emerald Publishing.
- Surowiec, P., and V. Štětka. 2020. “Introduction: Media and Illiberal Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe.” East European Politics 36 (1): 1–8.
- Vaccari, C., A. Chadwick, and B. O’Loughlin. 2015. “Dual Screening the Political: Media Events, Social Media, and Citizen Engagement.” Journal of Communication 65: 1041–1061.
- Vachudova, M. A. 2020. “Ethnopopulism and Democratic Backsliding in Central Europe.” East European Politics 36 (3): 318–340.
- Van Aelst, P., F. Tóth, L. Castro, V. Štětka, C. de Vreese, T. Aalberg, N. Corbu, et al. 2021. Does a Crisis Change News Habits? A Comparative Study of the Effects of COVID-19 on News Media Use in 17 European Countries. Accepted for Publication, Subject to Revisions, in Digital Journalism.
- Van Bavel, J. J., K. Baicker, P. S. Boggio, V. Capraro, A. Cichocka, M. Cikara, M. J. Crockett, et al. 2020. “ Using Social and Behavioural Science to Support COVID-19 Pandemic Response.” Nature Human Behaviour 4: 460–471.
- Vashchanka, V. 2020. Political Manoeuvres and Legal Conundrums Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: The 2020 Presidential Election in Poland: Case Study. Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/political-manoeuvres-and-legal-conundrums-2020-presidential-election-poland.pdf.
- Walker, S., and J. Rankin. 2020. “Hungary Passes Law that Will Let Orbán Rule by Decree.” The Guardian, March 30. Accessed September 22, 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/hungary-jail-for-coronavirus-misinformation-viktor-orban.
- Watoła, J. 2020. “Wearing Face Masks in Public Places Will Be Obligatory. The Fines for Not Obeying the Rules May Amount to 30 000 PLN.” Wyborcza, April 15. Accessed September 22, 2020. https://wyborcza.pl/7,173236,25871630,wearing-face-masks-in-public-places-will-be-obligatory-the.html?disableRedirects=true.