Using Journalism for Self-Protection: Profession-Specific and Journalistic Measures and Strategies for Countering Violence and Impunity in Mexico and Honduras

References

• AI. 2019. Mexico: When Words Are Not Enough—the Human Rights Situation One Year into the New Government. Amnesty International.
   Google Scholar
• Amir, M. O. 2013. “A Study of the Experience of Women Human Rights Defenders in Eleven Egyptian Governorates.” Journal of Human Rights Practice 5: 460–477.
   Google Scholar
• Article 19. 2018. Democracia simulada, nada que aplaudir: informe anual 2017. Mexico.
   Google Scholar
• Article 19. 2019. Informe anual 2018: Ante el silencio, ni borrón ni cuenta nueva. Mexico.
   Google Scholar
• Baines, E., and E. Paddon. 2012. “‘This Is How We Survived’: Civilian Agency and Humanitarian Protection.” Security Dialogue 43: 231–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakke, K. M., N. J. Mitchell, and H. M. Smidt. 2019. “When States Crack Down on Human Rights Defenders.” International Studies Quarterly 64: 85–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellal, A. 2018. The War Report: Armed Conflicts in 2017. Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights.
   Google Scholar
• Bellamy, A., and P. D. Williams. 2009. Protecting Civilians in Uncivil Wars. Asia-Pacific Centre for the Responsibility to Protect.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, K., D. Ingleton, A. M. Nah, and J. Savage. 2015. “Critical Perspectives on the Security and Protection of Human Rights Defenders.” The International Journal of Human Rights 19: 883–895.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berents, H., and C. Ten Have. 2018. “Staying Safe in Colombia and Mexico: Skilled Navigation and Everyday Insecurity.” In The Palgrave Handbook of Criminology and the Global South, edited by K. Carrington, R. Hogg, J. Scott, and M. Sozzo, 433–449. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Berg, L.-A., and M. Carranza. 2018. “Organized Criminal Violence and Territorial Control: Evidence from Northern Honduras.” Journal of Peace Research 55 (5): 566–581.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonwick, A. 2006. “Who Really Protects Civilians?” Development in Practice 16: 270–277.
   Google Scholar
• Bromley, M. 2017. “Investigative Journalism and Human Rights.” In The Routledge Companion to Media and Human Rights, edited by H. Tumber and S. R. Waisbord, 220–228. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Burnyeat, G. 2013. “On a Peak in Darien: Community Peace Initiatives in Urabá, Colombia.” Journal of Human Rights Practice 5: 435–445.
   Google Scholar
• Castellanos, L. 2015. Discurso de Laura Castellanos, Premio Nacional de Periodismo 2015. Accessed July 25, 2021. https://www.periodismo.org.mx/assets/2015_Discurso_Castellanos.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Chavkin, S. 2018. Paradise Papers Project ‘a Moment of Peace’ for Mexican Journalists Hit by Earthquake. International Consortium of Investigative Journalists.
   Google Scholar
• C-Libre. 2016. Informe de Libertad de Expresión en Honduras 2015. Comité por la Libre Expresión.
   Google Scholar
• C-Libre. 2020. Informe de Libertad de Expresión 2018–2019. Comité por la Libre Expresión.
   Google Scholar
• Colectivo 23 de Marzo. 2019. Proyecto Miroslava. Proyecto Miroslava. Accessed July 25, 2021. https://proyectomiroslava.org/.
   Google Scholar
• CONADEH. 2017a. Impune el 91% de los crímenes cometidos contra personas ligadas a medios de comunicación. Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos. Accessed July 25, 2021. https://www.conadeh.hn/impune-el-91-de-los-crimenes-cometidos-contra-personas-ligadas-a-medios-de-comunicacion/.
   Google Scholar
• CONADEH. 2017b. Informe Anual 2016. Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos.
   Google Scholar
• CONADEH. 2018. Informe Anual 2017. Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos.
   Google Scholar
• Cottle, S., R. Sambrook, and N. Mosdell. 2016. “Conclusion: Ways Forward.” In Reporting Dangerously: Journalist Killings, Intimidation and Security, edited by S. Cottle, R. Sambrook, and N. Mosdell, loc. 4033–4140. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• EIU. 2020. Democracy Index 2019: A Year of Democratic Setbacks and Popular Protest. A Report by the Economist Intelligence Unit.
   Google Scholar
• Fadnes, I., R. Krøvel, and A. G. Larsen. 2020. “Introduction: Safety for Journalists and Self-Censorship.” In Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship, edited by A. G. Larsen, I. Fadnes, and R. Krøvel, 1–12. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• FEADLE. 2017. Informe Estadístico de la Fiscalía Especial para la Atención de Delitos cometidos contra la Libertad de Expresión (FEADLE). Mexico: PGR.
   Google Scholar
• FEADLE. 2019. Informe Estadístico de la Fiscalía Especial para la Atención de Delitos cometidos contra la Libertad de Expresión (FEADLE). Mexico: PGR.
   Google Scholar
• Frank, D. 2018. The Long Honduran Night: Resistance, Terror, and the United States in the Aftermath of the Coup. Chicago: Haymarket Books.
   Google Scholar
• González de Bustamante, C., and J. E. Relly. 2014. “Journalism in Times of Violence: Social Media Use by US and Mexican Journalists Working in Northern Mexico.” Digital Journalism 2: 507–523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González de Bustamante, C., and J. E. Relly. 2016. “Professionalism Under Threat of Violence: Journalism, Reflexivity, and the Potential for Collective Professional Autonomy in Northern Mexico.” Journalism Studies 17: 684–702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gready, P. 2019. “Reflections on a Human Rights Decade, Near and Far.” Journal of Human Rights Practice 11: 422–437.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, J., and S. Pukallus. 2018. “The Politics of Impunity: A Study of Journalists’ Experiential Accounts of Impunity in Bulgaria, Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Mexico and Pakistan.” Journalism 22 (2): 303–319.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes, S. 2017. “What Mexico Represents as a Country and a Case in the Larger Trend of Collection Action on Press Rights.” Journalism & Communication Monographs 19: 163–168.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes, S., M. Garcés, M. Márquez-Ramírez, and J. Arroyave. 2017. “Rethinking Professional Autonomy: Autonomy to Develop and to Publish News in Mexico and Colombia.” Journalism 18: 956–976.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, S., and M. Márquez-Ramírez. 2017. “Examining the Practices That Mexican Journalists Employ to Reduce Risk in a Context of Violence.” International Journal of Communication 11: 23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IACHR. 2019. Situación de derechos humanos en Honduras. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.-Doc. 146. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
   Google Scholar
• IACHR-UN. 2018. Special Report on the Situation of Freedom of Expression in Mexico—Joint Report of the Special Rapporteurs for Freedom of Expression of IACHR and UN. June 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Janetsky, M. 2019. “Investigative Journalists Combat Colombia’s Muzzled Press with The League Against Silence.” Poynter, November 6.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, M. 2015. “Protecting Human Rights Defenders at Risk: Asylum and Temporary International Relocation.” The International Journal of Human Rights 19: 935–960.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jose, B., and P. A. Medie. 2015. “Understanding Why and How Civilians Resort to Self-Protection in Armed Conflict.” International Studies Review 17: 515–535.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keck, M. E., and K. Sikkink. 1998. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lakhani, N., D. Priest, and P. Dupont de Dinechin. 2020. “The Cartel Project. Murder in Mexico: Journalists Caught in the Crosshairs.” The Guardian, December 6.
   Google Scholar
• Malkova, P. 2018. Exploring the Term ‘Human Rights Defender’ Through the Lens of Professionalisation in Human Rights Practice: A Case-Study of Russia. Human Rights Defender Hub Working Paper Series 3. University of York.
   Google Scholar
• Mégret, F. 2009. “Beyond the ‘Salvation’ Paradigm: Responsibility to Protect (Others) vs the Power of Protecting Oneself.” Security Dialogue 40: 575–595.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nah, A., K. Maliamauv, P. Bartley, E. Monterrosas, and P. Pacheco. 2017. Navigating Risk, Managing Security and Receiving Support: A Study of Human Rights Defenders at Risk in Mexico, Summary of Findings. York: University of York.
   Google Scholar
• O'Flaherty, M., and G. Ulrich. 2009. “The Professionalization of Human Rights Field Work.” Journal of Human Rights Practice 2: 1–27.
   Google Scholar
• O'Flaherty, M., and G. Ulrich. 2016. The Professional Identity of the Human Rights Field Officer. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Palifka, B. J. 2020. “Corruption, Organized Crime and the Public Sector in Mexico.” In Handbook on Corruption, Ethics and Integrity in Public Administration, edited by Adam Graycar, 274–288. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Relly, J. E., and C. González de Bustamante. 2013. “Silencing Mexico: A Study of Influences on Journalists in the Northern State.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 19: 108–131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Relly, J. E., and C. González de Bustamante. 2017. “Global and Domestic Networks Advancing Prospects for Institutional and Social Change: The Collective Action Response to Violence Against Journalists.” Journalism & Communication Monographs 19: 84–152.
   Google Scholar
• Repnikova, M. 2014. “Investigative Journalists’ Coping Tactics in a Restrictive Media Environment.” In Chinese Investigative Journalists’ Dreams: Autonomy, Agency, and Voice, edited by M. Svensson, E. Sæther, and Z. A. Zhang, 113–132. Plymouth: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Sambrook, R. 2016a. “Reporting in Uncivil Societies and Why It Matters.” In Reporting Dangerously: Journalist Killings, Intimidation and Security, edited by S. Cottle, R. Sambrook, and N. Mosdell, loc. 372–770. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Sambrook, R. 2016b. “Protecting Journalists: An Evolving Responsibility.” In Reporting Dangerously: Journalist Killings, Intimidation and Security, edited by S. Cottle, R. Sambrook, and N. Mosdell, loc. 3421–3724. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• SEGOB. 2019. Informe estadístico de Marzo 2019–Mecanismo para la Protección de Personas Defensores de Derechos Humanos y Periodistas. Mexico: Secretaría de Gobernación.
   Google Scholar
• Stonbely, S. 2017. Comparing Models of Collaborative Journalism. Montclair, NJ: Center for Cooperative Media, Montclair State University.
   Google Scholar
• Suarez, C. 2017. “‘Living Between Two Lions’: Civilian Protection Strategies During Armed Violence in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.” Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 12: 54–67.
   Google Scholar
• Tong, J. 2007. “Guerrilla Tactics of Investigative Journalists in China.” Journalism 8: 530–535.
   Google Scholar
• Tong, J. 2011. Investigative Journalism in China: Journalism, Power, and Society. New York: Bloomsbury.
   Google Scholar
• UN. 2011. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders. A/HRC/19/55. Human Rights Council.
   Google Scholar
• UN. 2019. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders—Honduras. A/HRC/40/60/Add.2. Human Rights Council.
   Google Scholar
• Waisbord, S. 2002. “Antipress Violence and the Crisis of the State.” Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 7: 90–109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar