Stigmatization of Overweight and Obese Individuals: Implications for Mental Health Promotion

References

• American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, , 4th edn Washington, DC , , USA : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Bacon , L and Aphramor , L . 2011 . Weight science: evaluating the evidence for a paradigm shift . Nutrition Journal , 10 : 9 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bidgood , J and Buckroyd , J . 2005 . An exploration of obese adults' experience of attempting to lose weight and to maintain a reduced weight . Counseling and Psychotherapy Research , 5 : 221 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 2010 . Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data. Atlanta , Georgia : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention .
   Google Scholar
• Cooley , C . 1964 . Human Nature and the Social Order. New York : Schocken .
   Google Scholar
• Cosrow , N , Jeffrey , R and McGuire , M . 2001 . Understanding weight stigmatization: a focus group study . Journal of Nutrition Education , 33 : 208 – 14 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis-Coelho , K , Waltz , J and Davis-Coelho , R . 2000 . Awareness and prevention of bias against fat clients in psychotherapy . Professional Psychology Research and Practice , 31 : 682 – 4 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falker , A J and Sledge , J A . 2011 . Utilizing a bariatric sensitivity educational module to decrease bariatric stigmatization by healthcare professionals . Bariatric Nursing and Surgical Patient Care , 6 : 73 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Flegal , K , Carroll , M , Ogden , C and Curtin , L . 2010 . Prevalence and trends in obesity among U.S. adults, 1999–2008 . Journal of the American Medical Association , 303 : 235 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman , K , Reichmann , S Costanzo , P . 2005 . Weight stigmatization and ideological beliefs: relation to psychological functioning in obese adults . Obesity Research , 13 : 907 – 16 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goffman , E . 1963 . Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York : Simon and Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg , B , Eastin , M , Hofschire , L , Lachlan , K and Brownell , K . 2003 . Portrayals of overweight and obese individuals on commercial television . American Journal of Public Health , 93 : 1342 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hague , A L and White , A A . 2005 . Web-based intervention for changing attitudes of obesity among current and future teachers . Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior , 37 : 58 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , M , Walters , L and Waschull , S . 2001 . Altering attitudes and knowledge about obesity . Journal of Social Psychology , 13 : 881 – 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Henson , K E . 2005 . Childhood obesity in the United States of America with a special focus on Native American reservation dwelling youths: the problem, the treatments, and how psychology can help . The Sciences and Engineering , 66 : 554
   Google Scholar
• Hiller , D . 1982 . Overweight as master status: a replication . Journal of Psychology , 110 : 107 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latner , J and Stunkard , A . 2003 . Getting worse: the stigmatization of obese children . Obesity Research , 11 : 452 – 6 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lewis , S , Thomas , S L Hyde , J . 2010 . ‘I don't eat a hamburger and large chips everyday!’ A qualitative study of the impact of public health messages about obesity on obese adults . BMC Public Health , 10 : 309 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lillis , J , Hayes , S C , Bunting , K and Masuda , A . 2009 . Teaching acceptance and mindfulness to improve the lives of the obese: a preliminary test of a theoretical model . Annals of Behavioral Medicine , 37 ( 1 ) : 58 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maclean , L , Edwards , N Garrard , M . 2009 . Obesity, stigma and public health planning . Health Promotion International , 24 : 88 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClanahan , K K , Huff , M B and Omar , H A . 2008 . Overweight children and adolescents: impact on psychological and social development . International Journal of Child Health and Human Development , 1 : 377 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Morrison , T and O'Connor , W . 1999 . Psychometric properties of a scale measuring negative attitudes toward overweight individuals . Journal of Social Psychology , 139 : 436 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muennig , P . 2008 . The body politic: the relationship between stigma and obesity-associated disease . Public Health , 8 : 128 – 38 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers , A and Rosen , J C . 1999 . Obesity stigmatization and coping: relation to mental health symptoms, body image, and self-esteem . International Journal of Obesity , 23 : 221 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinhey , T , Rubinstein , D and Colfax , R . 1997 . Overweight and happiness: the reflected self-appraisal hypothesis reconsidered . Social Science Quarterly , 78 : 747 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puhl , R and Brownell , K . 2006 . Confronting and coping with weight stigma: an investigation of overweight and obese adults . Obesity , 14 : 1802 – 15 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puhl , R and Heuer , C . 2009 . Weight bias: a review and update . Obesity , 17 : 941 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puhl , R and Heuer , C . 2010 . Obesity stigma: important considerations for public health . American Journal of Public Health , 100 : 1019 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puhl , R , Moss-Racusin , C , Schwartz , M and Brownell , K . 2008 . Weight stigmatization and bias reduction: perspectives of overweight and obese adults . Health Education Research , 23 : 347 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puhl , R , Schwartz , M and Brownell , K . 2009 . Impact of perceived consensus on stereotypes about obese people: a new approach for reducing bias . Health Psychology , 24 : 517 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson , B and Bacon , J . 1996 . The ‘If Only I Were Thin…’ treatment program: decreasing the stigmatizing effects of fatness . Professional Psychology: Research and Practice , 27 : 175 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , K , Shivy , V and Mazzeo , S . 2009 . Ambiguity and judgments of obese individuals: no news could be bad news . Eating Behaviors , 10 : 152 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity . 2008 . Weight Bias: The need for public policy. New Haven, CT , , USA : Rudd Center .
   Google Scholar
• Stuber , J , Meyer , I and Link , B . 2008 . Stigma, prejudice, discrimination and health . Social Science and Medicine , 67 : 351 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz , M and Puhl , R . 2003 . Childhood obesity: a societal problem to solve . Obesity Reviews , 4 : 57 – 71 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• United States Department of Health and Human Services . 2001 . Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity. Rockville , MD : Office of the Surgeon General .
   Google Scholar
• United States Department of Health and Human Services . 2010 . The Surgeon General's Vision for a Healthy and Fit Nation 2010. Rockville , MD : Office of the Surgeon General .
   Google Scholar
• Van Vlierberghe , L and Braet , C . 2007 . Dysfunctional schemas and psychopathology in referred obese adolescents . Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy , 14 : 342 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visram , S , Crosland , A and Cording , H . 2009 . Triggers for weight gain and loss among participants in a primary care-based intervention . British Journal of Community Nursing , 14 : 495 – 501 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wiese , H J , Wilson , J F , Jones , R A and Neises , M . 1992 . Obesity stigma reduction in medical students . International Journal of Obesity , 16 : 859 – 68 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , G . 1996 . Acceptance and change in the treatment of an eating disorder and obesity . Behavior Therapy , 27 : 417 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 2003 . Obesity and Overweight. www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/facts/obesity/en/print.html.
   Google Scholar
• Wott , C and Carels , S . 2010 . Overt weight stigma, psychological distress and weight loss treatment outcomes . Journal of Health Psychology , 15 : 608 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar