29
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
REVIEW ARTICLE

Embolic protection: Limitations of current technology and novel concepts

, , , &
Pages 176-182 | Published online: 10 Jul 2009

References

  • Baim D. S., Wahr D., George B., et al. on behalf of the Saphenous vein graft Angioplasty Free of Emboli Randomized (SAFER) Trial Investigators. Randomized Trial of a Distal Embolic Protection Device During Percutaneous Intervention of Saphenous Vein Aorto‐Coronary Bypass Grafts. Circulation 2002; 105: r13–r18
  • Stone G. W., Rogers C., Hermiller J., et al. for the FilterWire EX Randomized Evaluation (FIRE) Investigator. Randomized Comparison of Distal Protection with a Filter‐Based Catheter and a Balloon Occlusion and Aspiration System During Percutaneous Intervention of Diseased Saphenous Vein Aorto‐Coronary Bypass Grafts. Circulation 2003; 108: 548
  • Brener S. J., Ellis S. G., Schneider J., Topol E. J. Frequancy and long‐ term myonecrosis after coronary stenting. Eur Heart J 2002; 23: 869–76
  • Gruentzig A. R. Seven years of coronary angioplasty. Z Kardiol 1984; 73((Suppl 2))159–60
  • Sanborn T. A., Faxon D. P., Waugh D., et al. Transluminal angioplasty in experimental atherosclerosis. Analysis for embolization using an in vivo perfusion system. Circulation 1982; 66: 917–22
  • Kotani J., Nanto S., Mintz G. S., et al. Plaque Gruel of Atheromatous Coronary Lesion May Contribute to the No‐Reflow Phenomenon in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome. Circulation 2002; 106: 1672–7
  • Kelly R. V., et al. The no‐reflow phenolmenon in coronary arteries. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2: 1903–7
  • Trono R., et al. Multiple myocardial infarctions associated with atheromatous emboli after PTCA of saphenous vein grafts. Cleve Clin J Med 1989; 56: 581–4
  • Angelini A., Rubartelli P., Mistrorigo F., et al. Distal protection with a filter device during coronary stenting in patients with stable and unstable angina. Circulation 2004; 110: 515–21
  • Elliott J. M., Berdan L. G., Holmes D. R., et al. One‐year follow‐up in the Coronary Angioplasty Versus Excisional Atherectomy Trial (CAVEAT‐I). Circulation 1995; 91: 2158–66
  • Abdelmeguid A. E., Topol E. J., Whitlow P. L., et al. Significance of mild transient release of creatine kinase‐MB fraction after percutaneous interventions. Circulation 1996; 94: 1528–36
  • Tardiff B. E., Califf R. M., Tcheng J. E., et al. Clinical outcomes after detection of elevated cardiac enzymes in patients undergoing percutaneous intervention. IMPACT‐II Investigators. Integrilin (eptifibatide) to Minimize Platelet Aggregation and Coronary Thrombosis‐II. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 88–96
  • Saucedo J. F., Mehran R., Dangas G., et al. Long‐term clinical events following creatine kinase–myocardial band isoenzyme elevation after successful coronary stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 1134–41
  • Stone G. W., Mehran R., Dangas G., et al. Differential impact on survival of electrocardiographic Q‐wave versus enzymatic myocardial infarction after percutaneous intervention: a device‐specific analysis of 7147 patients. Circulation 2001; 104: 642–7
  • Stone G. W. 2002 TCT meeting 7 BSC analysis using MEDPAR data.
  • Sangiorgi G. Colombo A. Embolic protection devices. Heart 2003; 89: 990–2
  • Antoniucci D., et al. Direct infarct artery stenting without predilation and no‐ reflow in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 2001; 142: 684–90
  • Waller B., et al. Morphologic observations after percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty of early and late aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984; 4: 784–92
  • Fuster V. Prevention of Atherosclerosis in Coronary‐Artery Bypass Grafts. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 212–3
  • Safian R. D. Textor SC. Renal artery stenosis. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 431–42
  • Piana R. N., Paik G. Y., Moscucci M., et al. Incidence and treatment of “no‐reflow” after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 1994; 89: 2514–8
  • Baim D. S., Wahr D., George B., et al. Randomized trial of a distal embolic protection device during percutaneous intervention of saphenous vein aorto‐coronary bypass grafts. Circulation 2002; 105: 1285–90
  • Popma J., et al. Distal protection devices during percutaneous saphenous vein graft intervention: Has a new standard of acre been established?. Current Interventional Cardiology Reports 2001; 3: 275–8
  • Roffi M., Mukherjee D., Chew D. P., et al. Lack of benefit from intravenous platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibition as adjunctive treatment for percutaneous interventions of aortocoronary bypass grafts. Circulation 2002; 106: 3063–7
  • Ellis S. G., Lincoff A. M., Miller D., et al. Reduction in complications of angioplasty with abciximab occurs largely independently of baseline lesion morphology. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 1619–23
  • Mathew V., Grill D. E., Scott C. G., et al. The influence of abciximab use on clinical outcome after aortocoronary vein graft interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 34: 1163–9
  • American heart association online: Stroke.
  • Roubin G. S., New G., Iyer S. S., et al. Immediate and Late Clinical Outcomes of Carotid Artery Stenting in Patients with Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis‐A 5‐Year Prospective Analysis. Circulation 2001; 103: 532–7
  • Yadav J. S., Roubin G. S., King P., et al. Angioplasty and stenting for restenosis after carotid endarterectomy: initial experience. Stroke 1996; 27: 2075–1079
  • American heart association on‐line. Carotid endarterectomy.
  • Randomised trial of endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis: final results of the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST). Lancet 1998; 351: 1379–87
  • Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. JAMA 1995; 273: 1421–8, Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study
  • Barnett H. J. M., Taylor D. W., Eliasziw M., et al. Benefit of carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic moderate or severe stenosis: North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1415–25
  • Roubin G. S., New G., Iyer S. S., et al. Immediate and late clinical outcomes of carotid artery stenting in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: a 5‐year prospective analysis. Circulation 2001; 103: 532–7
  • Zahn R., Mark B., Niedermaier N., et al. for the (ALKK) Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitende Kardiologische Krankenhausärzte. Embolic protection devices for carotid artery stenting: better results than stenting without protection?. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 1550–8
  • Roubin G. S., Iyer S. S., Vitek J. J., et al. Peripheral vascular stenting for cardiologists. first ed. Carotid artery stenting: rationale, indications, technique and results. Martin Dunitz Ltd, London 1999; pp. 67–118, editors
  • CAVATAS Investigators. Endovascular versus surgical treatment in patients with carotid stenosis in the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS): a randomised trial. Lancet 2001; 357: 1729–37
  • Ohki T., Veith F. J. Carotid artery stenting: utility of cerebral protection devices. J Invasive Cardiol 2001; 13: 47–55
  • Theron J., Courtheoux P., Alachkar F., et al. New triple coaxial catheter system for carotid angioplasty with cerebral protection. Am J Neuroradiol 1990; 11: 869–74
  • Kastrup A., Groschel K., Krapf H., et al. Early outcome of carotid angioplasty and stenting with and without cerebral protection devices: a systematic review of the literature. Stroke 2003; 34: 813–9
  • Al Mubarak N., Roubin G. S., Vitek J. J., et al. Effect of the distal‐balloon protection system on microembolization during carotid stenting. Circulation 2001; 104: 1999
  • Wholey M. H., Jarmolowski C. R., Wholey M., et al. Carotid artery stent placement‐ready for prime time. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2003; 14: 1–10
  • Wholey M. H., Al Mubarek N., Wholey M. H. Updated review of the global carotid artery stent registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003; 60: 259–66
  • Yadav J. S., Wholey M. H., Kuntz R. E., et al. Protected carotid‐artery stenting versus endarterectomy in high‐risk patients: SAPPHIRE trial. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1493–501
  • White C. J. Another nail in the coffin of carotid endarterectomy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38: 1596–7
  • TCTMD.com, J. Hakim M. D. report from TCT 2002.
  • American heart association online: Acute myocardial infarction.
  • Andersen H. R., et al. A Comparison of Coronary Angioplasty with Fibrinolytic Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarcion. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 733–42
  • Widimsky P., Budesinsky T., Vorac D., et al. ‘PRAGUE’ Study Group Investigators. Long distance transport for primary angioplasty vs immediate thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. Final results of the randomized national multicentre trial—PRAGUE‐2. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 94–104
  • Grines C. L., Westerhausen D. R., Grines L. L., et al. A randomized trial of transfer for primary angioplasty vs on‐site thrombolysis in patients with high‐risk myocardial infarction: the air primary angioplasty in myocardial infarction study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 1713–9
  • Vermeer F., Oude Ophuisa A. J. M., Bergb E. J., et al. Prospective randomised comparison between thrombolysis, rescue PTCA, and primary PTCA in patients with extensive myocardial infarction admitted to a hospital without PTCA facilities: a safety and feasibility study. Heart 1999; 82: 426–31
  • Stone, et al. Distal microcircularity protection during PCI in Acute RST ‐ segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: EMERALD‐a randomized control study. JAMA 2005; 293: 1063–72
  • Gick M., Jander N., Bestehorn H. P., et al. A randomized study on the effectiveness of filter device for distal protection during direct percutaneous catheter intervention for acute myocardial infarction: results of the PROMISE (Protection devices in PCI‐Treatment of MI for Salvage of Endangered Myocardium) Study. Presented at: Late Breaking Clinical Trials: 54th Annual Scientific Session of the American College of Cardiology; ; , Orlando, FL, 6–9 March, 2005
  • Sacco R. L. Extracranial Carotid Stenosis. N Engl J Med 2001; 15: 1113–8
  • Yamashita T., Ito F., Iwakiri N., et al. Prevalence and predictors of renal artery stenosis in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Hypertens Res 2002; 25: 553–7
  • Dorros G., Jaff M., Mathiak L., et al. Four‐Year Follow‐up of Palmaz‐Schatz Stent Revascularization as Treatment for Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis. Circulation 1998; 98: 642–7
  • Watson P. S., Hadjipetrou P., Stephen V., et al. Effect of Renal Artery Stenting on Renal Function and Size in Patients with Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease. Circulation 2000; 102: 1671–7
  • Dean R. H., et al. Evolution of renal insufficiency in ischemic nephropathy. Ann Surg 1991; 213: 446–55
  • Rimmer J. M., Gennari F. J. Atherosclerotic renovascular disease and progressive renal failure. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 712–9
  • van Jaarsveld B. C., Krijnen P., Pieterman H., et al. for The Dutch Renal Artery Stenosis Intervention Cooperative Study Group. The Effect of Balloon Angioplasty on Hypertension in Atherosclerotic Renal‐Artery Stenosis. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1007–14
  • Jensen G., Zachrisson B‐F., Denlin K., et al. Treatment of renovascular hypertension: one year results of renal angioplasty. Kidney Int 1995; 48: 1936–45
  • Rundback J. H., Jacobs J. M. Percutaneous renal artery stent placement for hypertension and azotemia: pilot study. Am J Kidney Dis 1996; 28: 214–9
  • Losino F., Zuccala A., Busato F., et al. Renal artery angioplasty for renovascular hypertension and preservation of renal function: long‐term angiographic and clinical follow‐up. AJR 1994; 162: 853–7
  • Sabeti S., Schillinger M., Mlekusch W., Ahmadi R., Minar E. Reduction in renal function after renal arteriography and after renal artery angioplasty. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2002; 24: 156–60
  • Topol EJ., Yadav JS. Recognition of the importance of embolization in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Circulation 2000; 101: 570–80
  • The Wall Street Journal., 19 October 2000
  • MedPro Month. 315, November–December 2000
  • Embolic Protection Systems: www.medtronic.com.
  • Mukherjee Debabrata. Role of emboli protection devices in native and saphenous vein graft percutaneous interventions. ACC Current Journal Review 2004; Sept: 32–35
  • Rogers C., Huynh R., Philip A., et al. Embolic Protection with Filtering or Occlusion Balloons During Saphenous Vein Graft Stenting Retrieves Identical Volumes and Sizes of Particulate Debris. Circulation 2004; 109: 1735–40
  • Grube Eberhard, Gerckens Ulrich, Alan C., et al. Prevention of Distal Embolization During Coronary Angioplasty in Saphenous Vein Grafts and Native Vessels Using Porous Filter Protection. Circulation 2001; 104: 2436–41

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.