113
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Contested customs in the Naga hills: Baptist reformers, colonial ethnography and the construction of a modern Naga identity

Received 21 Sep 2023, Accepted 12 May 2024, Published online: 17 May 2024

Bibliography

  • Angelova, I. “Colonial Rule, Christianity and Sociocultural (Dis)continuities Among the Sumi Nagas.” The South Asianist 5, no. 1 (2017): 20–45.
  • Assam Baptist Missionary Conference Report. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1907–1913.
  • Balfour, H. “The Welfare of Primitive Peoples: Presidential Address to the Folklore Society.” Folklore 34, no. 1 (1923): 12–24. doi:10.1080/0015587X.1923.9720251.
  • Butler, J. “Rough Notes on the Angami Nagas and Their Language.” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal XLIV (1875): 307–347.
  • Casavi, T. “Women’s Reservation Conundrum in Nagaland.” Nagaland Post. 28 July 2023, https://nagalandpost.com/index.php/womens-reservation-conundrum-in-nagaland/.
  • Chiechama Baptist Centenary, 1910–2010. Seweda. Chiechama: Chiechama Baptist Church, 2010.
  • Cophy, G. K. Christianity and Politics in Tribal India: Baptist Missionaries and Naga Nationalism. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2021.
  • Eaton, R. “Conversion to Christianity Among the Nagas, 1876–1971.” Indian Economic and Social History Review 21, no. 1 (1984): 1–44. doi:10.1177/001946468402100101.
  • Elwin, V. A Philosophy for NEFA. Shillong: Sachin Roy, 1959.
  • Furer-Haimendorf, C. V. The Naked Nagas. London: Metheun and Co, 1939.
  • Hall, G. S. “The Point of View Towards Primitive Races.” The Journal of Race Development 1, no. 1 (July 1910): 5–11. doi:10.2307/29737843.
  • Hausing, K. K. S. “‘Equality As Tradition’ and Women’s Reservation in Nagaland.” Economic and Political Weekly LII, no. 45 (2017): 36–43.
  • Hutton, J. H. Tour Dairy, 1926–1934. The Naga Database. https://wwwe.lib.cam.ac.uk/nagas/coll/8/records/detail/all/index.html.
  • Hutton, J. H. The Angami Nagas. London: Macmillan and Co, 1921.
  • Hutton, J. H. “Anthropology and Administration.” The Modern Review 41 (1927): 220–231.
  • Hutton, J. H. “Presidential Address to the Section of Anthropology on ‘Anthropology and Administration’.” Proceedings of the Fourteenth Indian Science Congress, Lahore, 1927, Lahore,: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1927, 283–299.
  • Imti, T. A. Reminiscence: Impur to Naga National Council. Mokokchung: Self-Published, 1988.
  • Indian Statutory Commission. Vol. XIV, Memorandum Submitted by the Government of Assam to the Indian Statutory Commission. London: 1930.
  • Jackson, K. The Mizo Discovery of the British Raj: Empire and Religion in Northeast India, 1990–1920. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2024.
  • Johnstones, J. My Experiences in Manipur and Naga Hills. London: S. Low, Marston and Co, 1896.
  • Joshi, V. A Matter of Belief: Christian Conversion and Healing in North-East India. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2012.
  • Khekali. “The Remaking of Custom in the Naga Hills.” History and Sociology of South Asia 12, no. 1 (2017): 1–17. doi:10.1177/2230807517733584.
  • Kikon, D., and D. McDuei-Ra Ceasefire City: Militarism, Capitalism, and Urbanism in Dimapur. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2021.
  • Lhousa, Z. Strange Country: My Experiences in Naga Nationalism. Mezoma: Self-published, 2015.
  • Lhousa, Z. American Influence in Christianity: From Bethlehem to Nagaland. Mezoma: Self-published, 2020.
  • Longkumer, A. “‘Cleanliness Is Next to Godliness’: Religious Change, Hygiene and the Renewal of Heraka Villages in Assam.” Contributions to Indian Sociology 45, no. 2 (2011): 189–216. doi:10.1177/006996671104500202.
  • Longkumer, A. “‘As Our Ancestors Once Lived’: Representation, Performance, and Constructing a National Culture Amongst the Nagas of India.” Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal & Himalayan Studies 35, no. 1 (2015): 51–64.
  • Longvah, S. “Christian Conversion, the Rise of Naga National Consciousness, and Naga Nationalist Politics.” The South Asianist 5, no. 1 (2017): 121–139.
  • Mepfhü-O, K. “Conversion: Perception of Christian ‘Self’ and the ‘Other’.” Asian Ethnicity 17, no. 3 (2016): 370–368. doi:10.1080/14631369.2015.1091652.
  • Mills, J. P. “The Effects on the Tribes of the Naga Hills District of Contacts with Civilization.” Census of India 1931, Vol 3, part 1, Report, Appendix A.
  • Mills, J. P. The Ao Nagas. London: Macmillan and Co, 1926.
  • Nag, S. “Rescuing Imagined Slaves: Colonial State, Missionary and Slavery Debate in North East India (1908-1920).” Indian Historical Review 39, no. 1 (2012): 57–71. doi:10.1177/0376983612449529.
  • Nag, S. The Uprising: Colonial State, Christian Missionaries, and the Anti-Slavery Movement in North-East India (1908–1954). New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2016.
  • Naga Club Memorandum to the Indian Statutory Commission. 10 Jan 1929, http://naganationalcouncil.org/.
  • Nagaland State Archives, Kohima Nagaland, Judicial department. 1880–1945.
  • Nagaland State Archives, Kohima Nagaland, political Department. 1880–1945.
  • Pruett, G. “Christianity, History and Culture in Nagaland.” Contributions to Indian Sociology 8, no. 1 (1974): 51–65. doi:10.1177/006996677400800104.
  • Records Cells, Office of the Deputy Commissioner, Kohima Nagaland, Case records. 1920–1945.
  • Rivers, W. H. R. “The Government of Subject Peoples.” In Science and the Nation: Essays by Cambridge Graduates with an Introduction by the Right Hon. Lord Moulton, edited by A. C. Seward, 302–328. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1917.
  • Rivers, W. H. R., ed Essays on the Depopulation of Melanesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1922.
  • Sanneh, L. Encountering the West: Christianity and the Global Cultural Process: The African Dimension. New York: Maryknoll, 1994.
  • Shonle, R. “The Christianizing Process Among Preliterate Peoples.” The Journal of Religion 4, no. 3, May (1924): 261–280. doi:10.1086/480430.
  • Smith, W. C. “Missionary Activities and the Acculturation of Backward Peoples.” Journal of Applied Sociology VII 1923 : 175–191 .
  • Smith, W. C. The Ao Nagas of Assam. London: Macmillan and Co, 1925.
  • Steyn, P. Zapuphizo: Voice of the Nagas. London: Kegan Paul, 2002.
  • Tanquist, J. E. “Missionary Attitude Towards the Welfare of Primitive Peoples.” Baptist Missionary Review XXXI, no. 4 (1925): 136–151.
  • Tewari, S. “Spaces of Protection, Regimes of Exception: Anthropologists, Administrators, and the Framing of the Late Colonial Discourse on Tribal Regions (1920–1950).” Karatoya: NBU Journal of History 12 (March 2019): 114–130.
  • Thomas, J. “Sending Out the Spears: Zeliangrong Movement, Naga Club and a Nation in the Making.” The Indian Economic and Social History Review 49, no. 3, August (2012): 399–437. doi:10.1177/0019464612455274.
  • Thomas, J. Evangelizing the Nation: Religion and the Formation of Naga Political Identity. New Delhi: Routledge, 2016.
  • Thong, T. Progress and Its Impact on the Nagas: A Clash of Worldviews. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing House, 2014.
  • Wallis, W. D. “Missionary Enterprise from the Point of View of an Anthropologist.” The American Journal of Theology 19, no. 2, April (1915): 268–274. doi:10.1086/479530.
  • Wouters, J. J. P. “Land Tax, Reservation for Women and Customary Law.” Economic and Political Weekly LII, no. 9 (2017): 20–23.
  • Yonuo, A. The Rising Nagas: A Historical and Political Study. Delhi: Manas Publications, 1974.
  • Zhimo, A. “Indigenising Christianity: Politics of Conversion Among the Sumi Naga.” Social Change 45, no. 1 (2015): 67–80. doi:10.1177/0049085714561836.
  • Zou, D. V. “Raiding the Dreaded Past: Representations of Headhunting and Human Sacrifice in Northeast Inda.” Contributions to Indian Sociology 39, no. 1 (2005): 75–105. doi:10.1177/006996670503900103.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.