848
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The relationship between sport-related government spending and sport and exercise participation: the role of funding size, period, and consistency

ORCID Icon, &
Pages 237-247 | Received 08 Jun 2017, Accepted 28 Feb 2018, Published online: 21 Mar 2018

References

  • Ahlert, G. , and B. Stöver . 2008. Entwicklung der öffentlichen Ausgaben für Sport im vereinten Deutschland [Development of Public Expenditures on Sport in Germany]. Osnabrück: Gesellschaft für Wirtschaftliche Strukturforschung mbH.
  • Alfano, C. M. , R. C. Klesges , D. M. Murray , B. M. Beech , and B. S. McClanahan . 2002. “History of Physical Activity in Relation to Obesity and Related Health Behaviors in Women.” Preventive Medicine 34 (1): 82–89.10.1006/pmed.2001.0963
  • Biddle, S. J. , and N. Mutrie . 2008. Psychology of Physical Activity: Determinants, Well-being and Interventions . New York: Routledge.
  • Breuer, C. , and S. Feiler . 2015. Sport Development Report 2013/2014. Analysis of the situation of sports clubs in Germany. Abbreviated version . Cologne: Sportverlag Strauß.
  • Breuer, C. , K. Hallmann , and P. Wicker . 2011. “Determinants of Sport Participation in Different Sports.” Managing Leisure 16 (4): 269–286.10.1080/13606719.2011.613625
  • Caspersen, C. J. , K. E. Powell , and G. M. Christensen . 1985. “Physical Activity, Exercise, and Physical Fitness: Definitions and Distinctions for Health-related Research.” Public Health Reports 100 (2): 126–131.
  • Council of Europe . 2001. European Sport Charter . Council of Europe. Accessed October 8, 2017. https://search.coe.int/cm/Pages/result_details.aspx?ObjectID=09000016804c9dbb
  • Das, P. 2014. “Is There Chaos in Inflation Data?” Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2 (5): 214–218.10.4236/jamp.2014.25026
  • Department of Culture, Media and Sports . 2002. Game Plan: A Strategy for Delivering Government’s Sport and Physical Activity Objectives . Department of Culture, Media and Sports. Accessed December 8, 2015. http://www.gamesmonitor.org.uk/files/game_plan_report.pdf
  • Deutscher Bundestag . 2014. 13. Sportbericht der Bundesregierung [13th Sport Report of the Federal Government]. Deutscher Bundestag. Accessed October 15, 2016. http://dip21.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/18/035/1803523.pdf
  • Downward, P. , F. Lera-Lopez , and S. Rasciute . 2011. “The zero-inflated ordered probit approach to modelling sports participation.” Economic Modelling 28 (6): 2469–2477.
  • Downward, P. , F. Lera-López , and S. Rasciute . 2014. “The Correlates of Sports Participation in Europe.” European Journal of Sport Science 14 (6): 592–602.10.1080/17461391.2014.880191
  • Downward, P. , and S. Rasciute . 2011. “Does Sport Make You Happy? An Analysis of the Well-being Derived from Sports Participation.” International Review of Applied Economics 25 (3): 331–348.10.1080/02692171.2010.511168
  • German Federal Ministry of Health . 2015. The Preventive Health Care Act . German Federal Ministry of Health. Accessed October 25, 2017. https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/prevention/the-preventive-health-care-act.html
  • German Federal Ministry for the Environment . 2016. Reform Bundesbau [Reform of public constructions]. Accessed October 25, 2017. https://www.bmub.bund.de/fileadmin/Daten_BMU/Pools/Broschueren/reform_bundesbau_broschuere_bf.pdf
  • German Federal Statistical Office . 2015. Unmittelbare Ausgaben des Bundes und der Länder für Sport von 1975 bis 2011 [Federal and State Expenditure on Sport Between 1975 and 2011]. Provided up on Request. Wiesbaden: German Federal Statistical Office.
  • GSOEP . 2014. Data for Year 1984–2013, Version 30 . Berlin: DIW.
  • Hair, J. F. , W. C. Black , B. J. Babin , R. E. Anderson , and R. L. Tatham . 2010. Multivariate Data Analysis . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Hallmann, K. , and C. Breuer . 2014. “The Influence of Socio-Demographic Indicators Economic Determinants and Social Recognition on Physical Activity in Germany.” European Journal of Sport Science 14 (sup1): S324–S331.10.1080/17461391.2012.704078
  • Hox, J. J. , M. Moerbeek , and R. van de Schoot . 2010. Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications . New York: Routledge.
  • Huang, H. , and B. R. Humphreys . 2012. “Sports Participation and Happiness: Evidence from US Microdata.” Journal of Economic Psychology 33 (4): 776–793.
  • Humphreys, B. R. , L. McLeod , and J. E. Ruseski . 2014. “Physical Activity and Health Outcomes: Evidence from Canada.” Health Economics 23 (1): 33–54.10.1002/hec.v23.1
  • Humphreys, B. R. , and J. E. Ruseski . 2007. “Participation in Physical Activity and Government Spending on Parks and Recreation.” Contemporary Economic Policy 25 (4): 538–552.10.1111/coep.2007.25.issue-4
  • Humphreys, B. R. , and J. E. Ruseski . 2015. “The Economic Choice of Participation and Time Spent in Physical Activity and Sport in Canada.” International Journal of Sport Finance 10 (2): 138–159.
  • Katzmarzyk, P. T. , N. Gledhill , and R. J. Shephard . 2000. “The Economic Burden of Physical Inactivity in Canada.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 163 (11): 1435–1440.
  • Kokolakakis, T. , F. Lera-López , and P. Castellanos . 2014. “Regional Differences in Sports Participation: The Case of Local Authorities in England.” International Journal of Sport Finance 9 (2): 149–171.
  • Kung, S. P. , and P. Taylor . 2014. “The Use of Public Sports Facilities by the Disabled in England.” Sport Management Review 17 (1): 8–22.10.1016/j.smr.2013.08.009
  • Lera-López, F. , P. Wicker , and P. Downward . 2015. “Does Government Spending Help to Promote Healthy Behavior in the Population? Evidence from 27 European Countries.” Journal of Public Health 38 (2): 1–8.
  • Maas, C. J. , and J. J. Hox . 2005. “Sufficient Sample Sizes for Multilevel Modeling.” Methodology 1 (3): 86–92.10.1027/1614-2241.1.3.86
  • Peugh, J. L. 2010. “A Practical Guide to Multilevel Modeling.” Journal of School Psychology 48 (1): 85–112.10.1016/j.jsp.2009.09.002
  • Raudenbush, S. W. , A. S. Bryk , Y. F. Cheong , R. T. Congdon , and M. du Toit . 2011. HLM 7: Hierarchical Linear and Lonlinear Modeling . Lincolnwood: Scientific Software International Inc.
  • Scarborough, P. , P. Bhatnagar , K. K. Wickramasinghe , S. Allender , C. Foster , and M. Rayner . 2011. “The Economic Burden of Ill Health Due to Diet, Physical Inactivity, Smoking, Alcohol and Obesity in the UK: An Update to 2006–07 NHS Costs.” Journal of Public Health 33 (4): 527–535.10.1093/pubmed/fdr033
  • Snijders, T. A. , and R. J. Bosker . 1999. Multilevel Analysis – An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling . London: Sage Publications.
  • Todd, S. Y. , T. R. Crook , and A. G. Barilla . 2005. “Hierarchical Linear Modeling of Multilevel Data.” Journal of Sport Management 19 (4): 387–403.10.1123/jsm.19.4.387
  • Van Tuyckom, C. , P. Bracke , and J. Scheerder . 2011. “Sports–idrott–esporte–deporte–sportovní The Problem of Equivalence of Meaning in Comparative Sports Research.” European Journal for Sport and Society 8 (1–2): 85–97.10.1080/16138171.2011.11687871
  • Voigt, F. 2006. Kommunale Sportsubventionen in Deutschland [Sport Expenditures of Communities in Germany]. Wuppertal: LIT-Verlag.
  • Warburton, D. E. , C. W. Nicol , and S. S. Bredin . 2006. “Health Benefits of Physical Activity: The Evidence.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 174 (6): 801–809.10.1503/cmaj.051351
  • Wicker, P. , C. Breuer , and T. Pawlowski . 2009. “Promoting Sport for All to Age-specific Target Groups: The Impact of Sport Infrastructure.” European Sport Management Quarterly 9 (2): 103–118.10.1080/16184740802571377
  • Wicker, P. , P. Downward , and F. Lera-López . 2017. “Does Regional Disadvantage Affect Health-related Sport and Physical Activity Level? A Multi-level Analysis of Individual Behaviour.” European Journal of Sport Science 17 (10): 1–10.
  • Wicker, P. , K. Hallmann , and C. Breuer . 2013. “Analyzing the Impact of Sport Infrastructure on Physical Activity Using Geo-coded Data: Evidence from Multi-level Models.” Sport Management Review 16 (1): 54–67.10.1016/j.smr.2012.05.001
  • Wilkens, K. 2014. Auswirkungen der abnehmenden Bäderstruktur auf die Schwimmfähigkeit der Bevölkerung und die Todesfälle durch Ertrinken [Effect of the Reduction in Pools on the Swimming Abilities of the Population and the Deaths by Drowning]. German Association of Sport Science. Accessed October 19, 2017. http://www.sportwissenschaft.de/fileadmin/pdf/tagungen2014/Abstracts_Expertenworkshop2014.pdf
  • World Health Organization . 2010. Global Recommendations of Physical Activity for Health . World Health Organization. Accessed October 12, 2016. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_recommendations/en/
  • World Health Organization . 2011. Promoting Sport and Enhancing Health in European Union Countries: A Policy Context Analysis to Support Action . World Health Organization. Accessed October 19, 2017. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/147237/e95168.pdf

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.