Choices and determinants of malaria treatment seeking behaviour by rural households in Enugu state, South-East Nigeria

References

• Abdulkadir, M. B., and Z. A. Abdulkadir. 2017. “A Cross-sectional Survey of Parental Care-seeking Behavior for Febrile Illness among Under-five Children in Nigeria.” Alexandria Journal of Medicine 53 (1): 85–91. doi:10.1016/j.ajme.2016.02.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdullah, L., et al. 2007. “The Health Seeking Behavior of Elderly Population in a Poor-urban Community of Karachi, Pakistan.” Journal of Pakistan Medical Association.
   Google Scholar
• Adah, O. S., T. Ngo-Ndomb, E. A. Envuladu, S. Audu, M. E. Banwat, O. T. Yusuff, and A. I. Zoakah. 2009. “Home Treatment of Malaria Amongst under Fives Presenting with Fever in PHC Facilities in Jos North LGA of Plateau State.” Nigerian Journal of Medicine 18:88–93.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adane, M., B. Mengistie, W. Mulat, H. Kloos, and G. Medhin. 2017. “Utilization of Health Facilities and Predictors of Health-seeking Behavior for Under-five Children with Acute Diarrhea in Slums of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study.” Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition 36: 9. doi:10.1186/s41043-017-0085-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adedotun A.A., Morenikeji, O.A, Odaibo, A.B (2010) Knowledge,attitudes and practices about malaria in an urban community in south-western Nigeria. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases 47: 155–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ademuwagun, Z. A. 1998. “The Challenge of the Co-existence of Orthodox and Traditional Medicine in Nigeria. East Africa.” Medical Journal 53:21–32.
   Google Scholar
• Adinan, J., D. J. Damian, N. R. Mosha, I. B. Mboya, R. Mamseri, and S. E. Msuya. 2017. “Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Appropriate Healthcare Seeking Behavior among Febrile Children in Tanzania.” PloS One 12 (4): e0175446. Epub 2017/ 04/14. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahorlu, C. K., K. A. Koram, C. Ahorlu, D. de Savigny, and M. G. Weiss. 2006. “Socio-cultural Determinants of Treatment Delay for Childhood Malaria in Southern Ghana.” Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH 11 (2): 1022–1031. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01660.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arani, A. A., H. Mardantabar, L. A. Agheli, and G. Abdoli. 2017. “Analysis of Rural Households’ Behavior in case of Healthcare Expenditure considering Income Deciles (Iran: 2009–2014).” International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences 6:15–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aregbeyen, J. B. O. (1992). “Healthcare Utilization in Nigerian Rural Communities: A Focus on Otuo Community and Environs in Edo State.” Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER) Monograph Services No. 3.
   Google Scholar
• Asenso-Okyere, W., J. A. Dzator, and I. Osei-Akoto. 1996. “The Behaviour Towards Malaria Care: A Multinomial Logit Approach.” Social Indicators Research 39:167–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asenso‐Okyere k, Asante, F., Tarekegn, j. & Andam, K. S. 2011. A review of the economic impact of malaria in agricultural development. The Journal of International Association of Agricultural Economists vol 42(3);293–304
   Google Scholar
• Baume, C., D. Helitzer, and S. P. Kachur. 2000. “Patterns Of Care for Childhood Malaria in Zambia.” Social Science And Medicine 51 (10): 1491–1503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleakley, H. 2007. “Disease and Development: Evidence from Hookworm Eradication in the American South.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 122: 73–117. doi:10.1162/qjec.121.1.73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleakley, H. “Malaria Eradication in the Americas: A Retrospective Analysis of Childhood Exposure.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 2010;2:1–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom, D. E., M. Kuhn, and K. Prettner. 2018. “Health and Economic Growth”. IZA Institute of Labour Economics Discussion Paper Series 11939. Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Bojola, F., S. Dessu, Z. Dawit, F. Alemseged, and F. Tessema. 2018. “Assessment of Health Care Seeking Behavior among House Hold Heads in Dale Woreda, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia, Ethiopia.” Global Journal of Medical Research: FDiseases 18 (1): 18–29.
   Google Scholar
• Brieger, W. R., P. E. Osamor, K. K. Salami, O. Oladepo, & S.A., Otusanya. 2004. “Otusanya Interactions between Patent Medicine Vendors and Customers in Urban and Rural Nigeria.” Health Policy Planning 19 (3): 177–182. doi:10.1093/heapol/czh021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browna, C., J. Pagana, and E. Rodrýguez-Oreggiac. 2005. “The Decision-making Process Of Health Care Utilization in Mexico.” Health Policy 72: 81–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2014. “Malaria: Impact of Malaria.” http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/malaria_worldwide/impact.html
   Google Scholar
• Chukwuneke, F.N, C.T Ezeonu, B.N Onyire, P.O. Ezeonu, N. Ifebunandu, and M.C Umeora. 2012. “Health Seeking Behaviour and Access to Health Care Facilities at The Primary Level in Nigeria: Our Experience.” Ebonyi Medical Journal 11: 1–2.
   Google Scholar
• Dave-Agboola, I. O., and J. I. Raji. 2018. “Health -seeking Behaviour of Malaria Patients in Lagos, Nigeria.” International Journal of Health Sciences and Research. 8 (7): 259–264
   Google Scholar
• Ellis, A. A., S. Traore, S. Doumbia, S. L. Dalglish, and P. J. Winch. 2012. “Treatment Actions and Treatment Failure: Case Studies in the Response to Severe Childhood Febrile Illness in Mali.” BMC Public Health 12: 946. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eneji, MA, Juliana, D.V.& Onabe, B.J. (2013). Health care expenditure, health status and national productivity in Nigeria (1999-2012) Journal of Economics and International Finance, 5(7),258–272
   Google Scholar
• Ezeoke, OP, Onwujekw,e OE, Uzochukwu, B. (2012) Towards universal coverage: examiningcost of illness,payment and coping strategies to different population groups in south east Nigeria. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 86: 52–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field, E., O. Robles, and M. Torero. “Iodine Deficiency and Schooling Attainment in Tanzania.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 2009;1:140–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerald, M. 2015. “Assessing Factors Influencing Health Seeking Behavior for Malaria Treatment in Children under Five Years in Rwimi Town Council Kabarole District.” International Journal of School and Cognitive Psychology 2:1000151.
   Google Scholar
• Gertler, P., and J. Van der Gaag. 1990. The Willingness to Pay for Medical Care: Evidence from Two Developing Countries. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ghebreyesus, T. A., K. H. Witten, A. Getachew, A. M. Yohannes, W. Tesfay, M. Minass, A. Bosman, and A. Teklehaimanot. 2000. “The Community Based Malaria Control Programme in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. A Review of Programme Set-Up, Activities, Outcomes and Impact.” Parassitologia 42 (3-4): 255–290.
   Google Scholar
• Gupta, M. L., R. A. Aborigo, P. B. Adongo, S. Rominski, A. Hodgson, C. M. Engmann, C. A. Moyer, et al. 2015. “Grandmothers as Gatekeepers? the Role of Grandmothers in Influencing Health-seeking for Mothers and Newborns in Rural Northern Ghana.” Global Public Health 10 (9): 1078–1091 Epub 2015/ 01/31. doi:10.1080/17441692.2014.1002413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardon, A.P, D. Akurut, C. Comoro, C. Ekezie, H.F Irunde, T. Gerrits, J Kglatwane, J Kinsman, R Kwasa, and J Maridadi et al 2007. “Hunger, Waiting Time and Transport Costs: Time to Confront Challenges to Art Adherence in Africa.” Aids Care 19: 658–665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HERFON. 2006. Nigeria Health Review, 10–12,130,191. Ibadan: Health Reform Foundation of Nigeria, Kenbim press.
   Google Scholar
• Ibadin, O. M., A. N. Ofili, L. U. Airauhi, E. I. Ozolua, and A. B. Umoru. 2008. “Splenic Enlargement and Abdominal Scarification in Childhood Malaria: Beliefs, Practices and Their Possible Roles in Management in Benin City, Nigeria.” Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal 15:229–233.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ichoku, H. E., Fonta, W. M. & Araar, A. (2003). A distributional analysis of out-of-pocket healthcare financing in Nigeria using a new decomposable gini index Journal of Applied Statistics Vol. 1. (165).
   Google Scholar
• Ichoku, H. E., and W. Fonta 2006. “The Distributional Impact of Healthcare Financing in Nigeria: A Case Study of Enugu State.” Pep Working paper, No 2006-17. Quebec City, Canada: University of Laval.
   Google Scholar
• Idowu, O. A., C. F. Mafiana, I. J. Luwaye, and O. Adehanloye. 2008. “Perceptions and Home Anagement Practices of Malaria in Some Rural Communities in Abeokuta, Nigeria.” Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 6 (4): 210–214. doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2007.10.007.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ihaji, E., U. G. Eze, and C. H. Ogwuche. 2014. “Educational Level, Sex and Church Affiliation on Health Seeking Behaviour among Parishioners in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State.” Journal of Educational Policy and Entrepreneurial Research (JEPER) 1 (2) October: 311–316. www.iiste.org
   Google Scholar
• Jimoh, A., O. Sofola, A. Petu, and T. Okorosobo. 2007. “Quantifying the Economic Burden of Malaria in Nigeria Using the Willingness to Pay Approach.” Cost Effectiveness Resource Allocation 22: e6. doi:10.1186/1478-7547-5-6.
   Google Scholar
• Jombo, G. T. A., E. M. Mbaawuaga, S. T. Anongu, D. Z. Egah, M. N. O. Enenebeaku, E. E. Okwori, G. C. Ejezie, I. E. Bassey, and F. Odey. 2010. “Africa’s 9th Malaria Day Celebration in 2009 and Its Bearing on Her Most Vulnerable Groups: Impact of Malaria and Associated Anaemia among Children in Makurdi City, North Central Nigeria.” Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 3 (4): 294–297. doi:10.1016/S1995-7645(10)60072-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazembe, L. N., A. S. Muula, C. C. Appleton, and I. Kleinschmidt. 2007. “Modelling the Effect of Malaria Endemicity on Spatial Variations in Childhood Fever, Diarrhoea and Pneumonia in Malawi.” International Journal of Health Geographics 6: e33. doi:10.1186/1476-072X-6-33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiwanuka, S., E. Ekirapa, S. Peterson, O. Okui, M. H. Rahman, D. Peters, G. W. Pariyo, et al. 2008. “Access to and Utilization of Health Services for the Poor in Uganda: A Systematic Review of Available Evidence.” Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 102 (11): 1067–1074. doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.04.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox, P.L., and S.A Marston. 2004. Places and Regions in Global Context, in Human Geography (Third Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Kyomuhendo, G. B. 2003. “Low Use of Rural Maternity Services in Uganda: Impact of Women’s Status, Traditional Beliefs and Limited Resources.” Reproductive Health Matters 11 (21): 16–26. [PubMed] Google ScholarLaar, A. S., Laar, A. K. & Dalinjong, P. A. (2013). Community perception of malaria and its influence on health-seeking behaviour in rural Ghana: A descriptive study. Malaria World Journal, 4 (1). doi:10.1016/S0968-8080(03)02176-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Limwattananon, S, V Tangcharoensathien, and P Prakongsai. 2007. “Catastrophic and Poverty Impacts Of Health Payments: Results from National Household Surveys in Thailand.” Bull World Health Organ 85 (8): 600–606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, L., S. Oza, D. Hogan, J. Perin, I. Rudan, J. E. Lawn, S. Cousens, et al. 2015. “Global, Regional, and National Causes of Child Mortality in 2000–13, with Projections to Inform Post-2015 Priorities: An Updated Systematic Analysis.” The Lancet 385: 430–440. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61698-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubanga, R.G.N., Norman, S. Ewbank, and C. Karamagi. 1997. “Maternal Diagnosis and Treatment Of Children's Fever in an Endemic Malaria Zone Of Uganda: Implications for The Malaria Control Programme Acta Tropica Volume 68.” 1:53–64.
   Google Scholar
• Luca, D. L., J. H. Iversen, A. S. Lubet, E. Mitgang, K. H. Onarheim, K. Prettner, and D. E. Bloom (2018). Benefits and Costs of the Women’s Health Targets for the Post-2015 Development Agenda, In Prioritizing Development: a Cost Benefit Analysis Of The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, edited by Bjorn Lomborg, Cambridge University Press, 244–254.
   Google Scholar
• Malaria Foundation International. 2010. www.malaria.org
   Google Scholar
• Mebratie, A., E. Van de Poel, Z. Yilma, D. Abebaw, A. Alemu, and A. Bedi. 2014. “Healthcare-seeking Behaviour in Rural Ethiopia: Evidence from Clinical Vignettes.” Bmj Open 4: 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesganaw, F., and D. Getu. 2003. “Health Service Utilization in Amhara Region of Ethiopia.” Ethiopian Journal of Health Development 17: 141–147.
   Google Scholar
• Miguel, E., and M. Kremer. 2004. “Worms: Identifying Impacts on Education and Health in the Presence of Treatment Externalities.” Econometrica 72: 159–217. doi:10.1111/ecta.2004.72.issue-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monazza, A., and K. Greeta. 2010. “Parental Education and Child Health Understanding the Pathways of Impact in Pakistan.” Research Consortium on Educational Outcomes and Poverty 10:146–158.
   Google Scholar
• Mshana, G. H., J. Wamoyi, J. Busza, B. Zaba, J. Changalucha, S. Kaluvya, and M. Urassa. 2006. “Barriers to Accessing Antiretroviral Therapy in Kisesa, Tanzania: A Qualitative Study of Early Rural Referrals to the National Program.” AIDS Patient Care and STDs 20: 649–657. doi:10.1089/apc.2006.20.649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musoke, D., P. Boynton, C. Butler, and M. B. Musoke. 2014. “Health Seeking Behaviour and Challenges in Utilising Health Facilities in Wakiso District, Uganda.” African Health Sciences 14 (4): 1046–1055. doi:10.4314/ahs.v14i4.36. PMCID: PMC4370086 PMID: 25834516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutero, C. M., H. Blank, F. Konradsen, and W. van der Hoek. 2000. “Water Management for Controlling the Breeding of Anopheles Mosquitoes in Rice Irrigation Schemes in Kenya.” Acta Tropica 76 (3):  253–263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Bureau of Statistics. 2009. Annual Abstract of Statistics 2009. Abuja: Federal Government of Nigeria.
   Google Scholar
• National Malaria Elimination Programme. 2014. National Malaria Strategic Plan 2014–2020. Abuja: Federal Ministry of Health.
   Google Scholar
• Nigeria, (2013) President’s Malaria Initiative; Malaria Operational Plan. Abuja: FG Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nigeria: country at a glance. (2017) Bank, World Website. http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/Nigeria.
   Google Scholar
• Niraula, B. 1994. “Use Of Health Services in Hill Villages in Central Nepal.” Health Transition Review 4: 151–166.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noordam, A. C., L. Carvajal-Velez, A. B. Sharkey, M. Young, and J. W. Cals. 2015. “Care Seeking Behaviour for Children with Suspected Pneumonia in Countries in sub-Saharan Africa with High Pneumonia Mortality.” PloS One 10 (2): e0117919. Epub 2015/ 02/24. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Donnell, O., E. van Doorslaer, R. P. Rannan-Eliya A., Somanathan, C.C., Garg,  P., Hanvoravongchai, M.N., Huq, A., Karan, G.M., Leung, K., Tin, & C., Vasavid. 2005. “EQUITAP Project”. Working Paper no.5. Thessalonik: University of Macedonia.
   Google Scholar
• Obansa, S. A. J., and A. Orimisan. 2013. “Health Care Financing in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges.” Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 4 (1) January 221: 2039–9340.
   Google Scholar
• Obikeze E., Onwujekwe O., Uzochukwu B., Chukwuogo O., Uchegbu E., Soludo E., Uguru N. (2013) Benefit Incidence of National Health Insurance Scheme In Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria African Journal of Health Economics xxx Vol xxx (E PUBLICATION AHEAD OF PRINT)
   Google Scholar
• Ogunbekun, I. O. 1991. “Which Direction for Health Care in Nigeria?” Health Policy and Planning 6 (3): 254–261. doi:10.1093/heapol/6.3.254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oladipo, J. A. 2014. “Utilization of Health Care Services in Rural and Urban Areas: A Determinant Factor in Planning and Managing Health Care Delivery Systems.” African Health Sciences 14 (2): 322–333. doi:10.4314/ahs.v14i2.6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olaniyan, O., and A. Lawanson. 2010. “Health Expenditure and Health Status in Northern and Southern Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis Using NHA Framework.” Paper presented at the 2010 CSAE conference held at St Catherine College, Oxford, UK, University of Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Olenja, J. 2003. “Editorial: Health Seeking Behaviour in Context.” East African Medical Journal 75 (12): 61–62.
   Google Scholar
• Onwujekwe, O., B. Uzochukwu, E. Obikeze, I. Okoronkwo, O. Ochonma, C. Onoka, G. Madubuko, and C. Okoli. 2010. “Investigating Determinants of Out-of-pocket Spending and Strategies for Coping with payments for Healthcare in Southeast Nigeria.” BMC Health Services Research 10: 67. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onwujekwe, O., and E. Valenyi. 2006. Feasibility of Voluntary Health Insurance in Nigeria. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Onwujekwe, O, N Uguru, E Etiaba, and I Chikezie. 2013. “The Economic Burden Of Malaria on Households and The Health System in Enugu State Southeast Nigeria.” Plos One 8 (11): e78362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onwujekwe, O., O. Chukwuogo, U. Ezeoke, B. Uzochukwu, and S. Eze. 2011. “Asking People Directly about Preferred Health-seeking Behaviour Yields Invalid Response: An Experiment in South-east Nigeria.” Journal of Public Health 33 (1): 93–100. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdq065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onwujekwe, O., U. Uzochukwu, E. Nwobi, and G. Ochonma. 2004. “Inequalities in Household Expenditures to Prevent and Treat Endemic Tropical Diseases in Southeast Nigeria: Harnessing the Information to Improve Equity in Primary Health Care.” Journal of Medical Research and Technology 1:28–38.
   Google Scholar
• Onwujekwe, O. E., and B. S. C. Uzochukwu. 2005. “Socio-economic and Geographic Differentials in Costs and Payment Strategies for Primary Health Care Services in Southeast Nigeria.” Health Policy 71: 383–397. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.06.006.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Onwujekwe, OE, K Hanson, B Uzochukwu, H Ichoku, and E Ikeh, et al. (2010) Are Malaria Treatment Expenditures Catastrophic to Different Socio-economic and Geographic Groups and How Do They Cope with Payment in Southeast Nigeria? Tropical Medicine and International Health 15: 18–25.
   Google Scholar
• Organization, World Health. 2015. World Health Statistics. Vol. 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Orubuloye, I. O. “The Impact of Family and Budget Structure on Health.” Health Review. 1992;2:189–210.
   Google Scholar
• Orubuloye, I. O., and J. B. Oni. 1996. “Health Transition Research in Nigeria in the Era of the Structural Adjustment Programme.” Health Transition Review 6: 301–324.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palmer, N., D.H Mueller, L. Gilson, A. Mills, and A. Haines (2004). Health Financing to Promote Access in Low Income Settings-how Much Do We Know? Lancet; 364:1365-70
   Google Scholar
• Richards, E., S. Theobald, A. George, J. C. Kim, C. Rudert, K. Jehan, R. Tolhurst, et al. 2013. “Going beyond the Surface: Gendered Intra-household Bargaining as a Social Determinant of Child Health and Nutrition in Low and Middle Income Countries.” Social Science & Medicine (1982) 95: 24–33. Epub 2012/ 07/20 doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.06.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riman, H. B., and E. S. Akpan. 2012. “Healthcare Financing and Health Outcomes in Nigeria: A State Level Study Using Multivariate Analysis.” International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 2 (15) 295–309.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rous, J., and D. Hotchkiss (2003) ‘Estimation Of The Determinants Of Household Health Care Expenditures in Nepal with Controls for Endogenous Illness and Provider Choice’, Health Economics, 12: 431–51.
   Google Scholar
• Sachs, J., and P. Malaney. 2002. “The Economic and Social Burden of Malaria.” Nature 415: 680–685. doi:10.1038/415680a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakdapolrak, P., T. Seyler, and C. Ergler. 2013. “Burden of Direct and Indirect Costs of Illness: Empirical Findings from Slum Settlements in Chennai, South India.” Progress in Development Studies 13 (2): 135–151. doi:10.1177/1464993412466506.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sambo, M. N., C. L. Ejenbi, Y. M. Adamu, & A.A. Aliyu. 2004. “Out-of-pocket Expenditure for Under-five Illnesses in a Semi-urban Community in Northern Nigeria.” Journal of Community Medicine Primary Health Care 16 (1): 29–32.
   Google Scholar
• Schellenberg, J. B., S. Abdulla, R. Nathan, O. Mukasa, and T. J. Marchant. 2001. “Effect of large-scale social marketing of insecticide-treated nets on child survival in rural Tanzania.” Lancet 21 357(9264):1241-1247.
   Google Scholar
• Scott,K., McMahon,S. Yumkella, F., Diaz,T. & George A. (2014) Navigating multiple options and social relationships in plural health systems: A qualitative study exploring healthcare seeking for sick children in Sierra Leone Health Policy and Planning v29 (3)
   Google Scholar
• Soyibo, A. 2004. National Health Accounts of Nigeria, 1998–2002. Ibadan: University of Ibadan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Soyibo, A., L. Olaniyan, and O. Lawanson. 2009. National Health Accounts of Nigeria, 2003–2005. Ibadan: University of Ibadan.
   Google Scholar
• Sreeramareddy, C. T., T.N. Sathyanarayana, and H.N. Kumar. 2012. “Utilization Of Health Care Services for Childhood Morbidity and Associated Factors in India: a National Cross-sectional Household Survey.” Plos One 7 (12): e51904.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titus, O. B., O. A. Adebisola, and A. O. Adeniji. 2015. “Health-care Access and Utilization among Rural Households in Nigeria.” Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics 7 (5): 195–203. doi:10.5897/JDAE2014.0620.
   Google Scholar
• Tolhurst, R., Y. P. Amekudzi, F. K. Nyonator, S. Bertel Squire, and S. Theobald. 2008. “He Will Ask Why the Child Gets Sick so Often: The Gendered Dynamics of Intra-household Bargaining over Healthcare for Children with Fever in the Volta Region of Ghana.” Social Science & Medicine (1982) 66 (5): 1106–1117. Epub 2008/ 01/02. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsend, R. M. 1994. “Risk and Insurance in Village India.” Econometrica 62 (3): 539–591.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States. 2011. Malaria Fact Sheet. Abuja: A publication of the Economic Section, United States Embassy in Nigeria.
   Google Scholar
• Uzochukwu, B.S.C. 2014. “Patent Medicine Dealers and Irrational Use Of Medicines in Children: The Economic Cost and Implications for Reducing Childhood Mortality in Southeast Nigeria.” Plos One 9 (3): e91667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volmink, J., and S. Furman. 1996. “The Saspren Primary Care Survey – Who Consults The Family Doctor?.” South African Medical Journal 86 (3): 241–245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waliyanti, E., S. T. D. Fatwa, S. Supriyati, and F. Renske. 2018. “Treatment-seeking Behaviour of Nasopharyngeal Cancer Patients in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.” The Pan African Medical Journal 29 (98). doi:10.11604/pamj.2018.29.98.12817.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WHO 2003 “The Africa Malaria Report”. Geneva. (WHO/CDS/MAL/2003.1093).
   Google Scholar
• WHO. 2007. World Health Report. Geneva: WHO.
   Google Scholar
• WHO, (2008) World Malaria Report. WHO. Geneva.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. 2010. World Health Report: Health System Financing - the Path to Universal Coverage. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. 2018a. World Health Statistical Report. Geneva: World Health Organization 2019 World Population Review .
   Google Scholar
• WHO. 2018b. World Malaria Report (WMR). Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. 2019. This Year’s World Malaria Report at a Glance. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• World Health organization. 2006. “World Malaria Report.”
   Google Scholar
• Xu, K., Evans,D., Kadama,P., Nabyonga,J., Ogwal,P., Nabukhonzo,P., & Aguilar, A. (2006). Understanding the impact of eliminating user fees: Utilization and catastrophic health expenditures in Uganda. Social Science & Medicine 62: 866–876.
   Google Scholar