223
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Predictive ability of the Health Belief Model in HIV prevention and management in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

ORCID Icon, , , &
Received 01 Nov 2022, Accepted 13 Aug 2023, Published online: 21 Aug 2023

References

  • Adam, P. C., J. B. de Wit, C. P. Bourne, D. Knox, and J. Purchas. 2014. “Promoting regular testing: An examination of HIV and STI testing routines and associated socio-demographic, behavioral and social-cognitive factors among men who have sex with men in New South Wales, Australia.” AIDS and Behavior 18 (5): 921–932. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0733-z.
  • Addo, M. K., R. G. Aboagye, and E. E. Tarkang. 2022. “Factors Influencing Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV/AIDS Patients in the Ga West Municipality, Ghana.” IJID Regions 3:218–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.04.009.
  • Adefolalu, A., Z. Nkosi, S. Olorunju, and P. Masemola. 2014. “Self-efficacy, medication beliefs and adherence to antiretroviral therapy by patients attending a health facility in Pretoria.” South African Family Practice 56 (5): 281–285. https://doi.org/10.1080/20786190.2014.975476.
  • Afe, A. J., and O. G. Motunrayo. 2017. “Explaining adherence to HAART among patients living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria: Behavioral Theory Analysis.” Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research 8 (718): 2.
  • Ajzen, I. 1988. Attitudes, Personality and Behaviour. Chicago: Dorsey Press.
  • Alemayehu, Z. M. (2015). Development of HIV Testing Belief Scale (HTBS) and application of Health Belief Model (HBM) to predict HIV testing intention and behaviour among university students in Ethiopia. Doctoral dissertation.
  • Andoh-Robertson, T. 2018. “HIV Testing and Counselling Among the Youth of Ghana: The Case of Tarkwa-Nsuaem and FanteAkwa District.” Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 5(6). https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.56.4694.
  • Anwuri, G. C., M. S. Dunn, and F. Schulze. 2017. “Determinants of Voluntary HIV/AIDS Counseling and Testing Among Community College Students in the United States.” International Journal of MCH and AIDS 6 (2): 109. https://doi.org/10.21106/ijma.212.
  • Arksey, H., and L. O’Malley. 2005. “Scoping Studies: Towards a Methodological Framework.” International Journal of Social Research Methodology 8 (1): 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616.
  • Asefa, A., G. Midaksa, Q. Qanche, W. Wondimu, T. Nigussie, B. Bogale, and T. Yosef. 2022. “Does the Perception of HIV Risk Among Female Sex Workers Affect HIV Prevention Behavior? Application of the Health Belief Model (HBM).” BMC Public Health 22 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14046-3.
  • Baiden, P., and F. Rajulton. 2011. “Factors Influencing Condom Use Among Women in Ghana: An HIV/AIDS Perspective.” SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS 8 (2): 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/17290376.2011.9724985.
  • Barker, T. H., J. C. Stone, K. Sears, M. Klugar, J. Leonardi-Bee, C. Tufanaru, E. Aromataris, and Z. Munn. 2023. “Revisiting the JBI Quantitative Critical Appraisal Tools to Improve Their Applicability: An Overview of Methods and the Development Process.” JBI Evidence Synthesis 21 (3): 478–493. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-22-00125.
  • Berendes, S., and R. N. Rimal. 2011. “Addressing the Slow Uptake of HIV Testing in Malawi: The Role of Stigma, Self-Efficacy, and Knowledge in the Malawi BRIDGE Project.” Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 22 (3): 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2010.08.005.
  • Beyan, N. (2005). Predictors of condom use by using Health Belief Model. MPH Thesis: Dept. of, 20.
  • Carpenter, C. J. 2010. “A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Health Belief Model Variables in Predicting Behavior.” Health Communication 25 (8): 661–669. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2010.521906.
  • Champion, V. L., and C. S. Skinner. 2008. “The Health Belief Model.” Health Behavior & Health Education: Theory, Research, & Practice, 45–65. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Cheng, C. Y., M. Quaife, R. Eakle, M. A. Cabrera Escobar, P. Vickerman, and F. Terris-Prestholt. 2019. “Determinants of Heterosexual Men’s Demand for Long-Acting Injectable Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEp) for HIV in Urban South Africa.” BMC Public Health 19 (1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7276-1.
  • Chigova, T., and B. L. Dolamo. 2017. “Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment in Adults at Keetmanshoop District State Hospital in Namibia.” AIDS Clinical Research & STDs 4 (2): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.24966/ACRS-7370/100015.
  • Chikutsa, A., and P. Maharaj. 2015. “Support for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) for HIV Prevention Among Men and Women in Zimbabwe.” African Population Studies 29 (1): 1587–1596. https://doi.org/10.11564/29-1-722.
  • Clarke, R. D., S. B. Fernandez, S. L. Morris, M. Wagner, E. F. Howard, E. Wales, and E. Wales. 2021. “Getting Their Feet in the Door: Communication Cues to Action for HIV Testing and Condom Use Behaviors Among Hispanic/Latinx College Students.” The Journal of Primary Prevention 42 (4): 331–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-020-00610-3.
  • Corneli, A., E. Namey, K. Ahmed, K. Agot, J. Skhosana, J. Odhiambo, and G. Guest. 2015. “Motivations for Reducing Other HIV Risk-Reduction Practices if Taking Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Findings from a Qualitative Study Among Women in Kenya and South Africa.” AIDS Patient Care and STDs 29 (9): 503–509. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2015.0038.
  • Corneli, A., B. Perry, K. McKenna, K. Agot, K. Ahmed, J. Taylor, and L. Van Damme. 2016. “Participants’ Explanations for Nonadherence in the FEM-Prep Clinical Trial.” JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 71 (4): 452–461. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000880.
  • Coulson, N. S., M. A. Ferguson, H. Henshaw, and E. Heffernan. 2016. “Applying Theories of Health Behaviour and Change to Hearing Health Research: Time for a New Approach.” International Journal of Audiology 55 (sup3): S99–S104. https://doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2016.1161851.
  • Emojong, O., H. Mberia, and N. Ndeti. 2018. “Male Circumcision Interpersonal Messages and Uptake of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) Among Married Men in Teso South Sub County, Kenya: A Qualitative Study Using Behavioral Models.” The International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences 6 (3). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i3/3911.
  • Etima, J., A. W. Katz, Z. Duby, M. Garcia, T. Palanee-Phillips, K. Reddy, and E. T. Montgomery. 2022. “Does the Ring Work? Perceptions and Understanding of the Efficacy of a Dapivirine Vaginal Ring for HIV Prevention Amongst Women in a Placebo-Controlled Trial.” AIDS and Behavior 26 (5): 1597–1606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03512-5.
  • Flowers, P., C. Knussen, J. Li, and L. McDaid. 2013. “Has Testing Been Normalized? An Analysis of Changes in Barriers to HIV Testing Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Between 2000 and 2010 in Scotland, UK.” HIV Medicine 14 (2): 92–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1293.2012.01041.x.
  • Gashawbeza, K. (2008). Risk Perception and Condom Use among Married in Addis Ababa: The Case of Kolfe Keranyo Sub City (Doctoral dissertation, Addis Ababa University).
  • George, G., K. Govender, S. Beckett, C. Montague, and J. Frohlich. 2017. “Factors Associated with the Take-Up of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Amongst Learners in Rural KwaZulu-Natal.” African Journal of AIDS Research 16 (3): 251–256. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2017.1369441.
  • Ghimire, L., W. C. S. Smith, E. R. van Teijlingen, R. Dahal, and N. P. Luitel. 2011. “Reasons for Non-Use of Condoms and Self-Efficacy Among Female Sex Workers: A Qualitative Study in Nepal.” BMC Women’s Health 11 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-11-42.
  • Hosseini, Z., P. Najafi, S. Mohseni, T. Aghamolaei, and S. Dadipoor. 2022. “The Effect of a Theory-Based Educational Program on Southern Iranian prisoners’ HIV Preventive Behaviors: A Quasi-Experimental Research.” BMC Public Health 22 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13763-z.
  • Huang, S. T., J. H. Huang, and J. H. Chu. 2021. “Health Beliefs Linked to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Use Intention Among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men in Taiwan.” AIDS Patient Care and STDs 35 (12): 474–480. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2021.0146.
  • Huang, Q., L. Luo, B. Q. Xia, D. J. Zhang, C. D. Dong, J. W. Tan, and Y. F. Wu. 2020. “Refinement and Evaluation of a Chinese and Western Medication Adherence Scale for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Item Response Theory Analyses.“ Patient Preference and Adherence 14: 2243–2252. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S269255
  • Jackson-Gibson, M., A. Ezema, W. Orero, I. Were, R. Ohiomoba, P. Mbullo, and L. Hirschhorn. 2021. “Facilitators and Barriers to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEp) Uptake Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Seme-Sub County.“ BMC Public Health 21: 1284.
  • Kaai, S., S. Bullock, A. N. Burchell, and C. Major. 2012. “Factors That Affect HIV Testing and Counseling Services Among Heterosexuals in Canada and the United Kingdom: An Integrated Review.” Patient Education and Counseling 88 (1): 4–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2011.11.011.
  • Kabiru, C. W., D. Beguy, J. Crichton, and E. M. Zulu. 2011. “HIV/AIDS Among Youth in Urban Informal (Slum) Settlements in Kenya: What are the Correlates of and Motivations for HIV Testing?” BMC Public Health 11 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-685.
  • Karimy, M., and I. Zareban. 2018. “Predictors of HIV-Preventive Behavior Changes Among HIV-Infected Patients in Iran: Application of the Extended Health Belief Model.” International Journal of High Risk Behaviors & Addiction 7 (4). https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.58145.
  • Kasprzyk, D., M. Tshimanga, D. T. Hamilton, G. J. Gorn, and D. E. Montaño. 2018. “Identification of Key Beliefs Explaining Male Circumcision Motivation Among Adolescent Boys in Zimbabwe: Targets for Behavior Change Communication.” AIDS and Behavior 22 (2): 454–470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1664-7.
  • Katikiro, E., and B. Njau. 2012. “Motivating Factors and Psychosocial Barriers to Condom Use Among Out-Of-School Youths in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Survey Using the Health Belief Model.” International Scholarly Research Notices 2012:1–8. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/170739.
  • Khumalo, I. D. (2017). Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of males with regard to medical male circumcision ( Doctoral dissertation). Durban University of Technology, South Africa.
  • Krishnamoorthy, Y., T. Rehman, and M. Sakthivel. 2021. “Effectiveness of Financial Incentives in Achieving UNAID Fast-Track 90-90-90 and 95-95-95 Target of HIV Care Continuum: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.” AIDS and Behavior 25 (3): 814–825. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-03038-2.
  • Liu, L. 2011. “Gender Differentials in Factors Associated with HIV Testing Intentions in Kenya: An Application of the Health Belief Model.” Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology 3 (12): 567–575. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPHE11.108.
  • Liu, H., G. Lai, G. Shi, and X. Zhong. 2022. “The Influencing Factors of HIV-Preventive Behavior Based on Health Belief Model Among Hiv-Negative Msms in Western China: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 (16): 10185. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610185.
  • Liu, H., X. Lin, Y. Xu, S. Chen, J. Shi, and D. Morisky. 2012. “Emerging HIV Epidemic Among Older Adults in Nanning, China.” AIDS Patient Care and STDs 26 (10): 565–567. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2012.0227.
  • Maakamedi, T. (2017). Male Circumcision and Consistent Condom Use in South Africa. Masters dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
  • Masa, R. D., and G. A Chowa. 2014. “HIV Risk Among Young Ghanaians in High School: Validation of a Multidimensional Attitude Towards Condom Use Scale.” International Journal of Adolescence and Youth 19 (4): 444–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2014.963629.
  • Mayeye, B. F., D. Ter Goon, and E. M. Yako. 2019. “An Exploratory Study of the Determinants of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy by Adolescents and Youths in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.” Global Journal of Health Science 11 (11): 141–141. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n11p141.
  • McGarrity, L. A., D. M. Huebner, C. J. Nemeroff, and R. J. Proeschold-Bell. 2018. “Longitudinal Predictors of Behavioral Intentions and HIV Service Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men.” Prevention Science 19 (4): 507–515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0824-y.
  • Mweene, B. (2017). Barriers associated with condom use for prevention of HIV infection transmission among adolescents: a case of Senanga urban district of Western Zambia (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Zambia).
  • Njau, B., G. Mhando, D. Jeremiah, and D. Mushi. 2021. “Correlates of Sexual Risky Behaviours, HIV Testing, and HIV Testing Intention Among Sexually Active Youths in Northern Tanzania.” The East African Health Research Journal 5 (2): 151. https://doi.org/10.24248/eahrj.v5i2.666.
  • Njemanze, U. (2017). Factors Impacting HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis among Healthcare Workers (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University).
  • Ofori, K. N. 2019. “Application of the Health Belief Model to HIV Testing and Counselling Among Youth Living in Selected Rural Communities in Ghana.” International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science 5 (1): 11–18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20190501.12.
  • Oo, Z. M., S. Pitikultang, and S. Nanthamongkolchai. 2013. “Condom Use Among Male Migrant Workers in Dry Zone, Myanmar.” J Med Assoc Thai 96 (Suppl 5): S107–15.
  • Page, M. J., D. Moher, P. M. Bossuyt, I. Boutron, T. C. Hoffmann, C. D. Mulrow, and J. E. McKenzie. 2021. “PRISMA 2020 Explanation and Elaboration: Updated Guidance and Exemplars for Reporting Systematic Reviews.” BMJ 372 (71): 1–9.
  • Pharris, A., N. T. K. Chuc, C. Tishelman, R. Brugha, N. P. Hoa, A. Thorson, and L. Myer. 2011. “Expanding HIV Testing Efforts in Concentrated Epidemic Settings: A Population-Based Survey from Rural Vietnam.” PLoS One 6 (1): e16017. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016017.
  • Ratcliff, T. M., C. Zlotnick, S. Cu-Uvin, N. Payne, K. Sly, and T. Flanigan. 2012. “Acceptance of HIV Antibody Testing Among Women in Domestic Violence Shelters.” Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services 11 (3): 291–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/15381501.2012.703555.
  • Setegn, T., A. Takele, N. Dida, and B. Tulu. 2013. “Correlates of Risk Perception to HIV Infection, Abstinence and Condom Use Among Madawalabu University Students, Southeast Ethiopia: Using Health Belief Model (HBM).” Global Journal of Medical Research 13 (5).
  • Shezi, M. H., B. Tlou, and S. Naidoo. 2023. “Knowledge, Attitudes and Acceptance of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Among Males Attending High School in Shiselweni Region, Eswatini: A Cross-Sectional Study.” BMC Public Health 23 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15228-3.
  • Sultan, B., P. Benn, and L. Waters. 2014. “Current Perspectives in HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis.” HIV/AIDS-Research and Palliative Care 147–158. https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S46585.
  • Tarkang, E. E. 2013a. “Factors Associated with Consistent Condom Use Among Senior Secondary School Female Learners in Mbonge Subdivision of Rural Cameroon.” Journal of AIDS and HIV Research 5 (6): 214–223.
  • Tarkang, E. E. 2013b. “Predictors of Consistent Condom Use Among Secondary School Male Students in Mbonge Subdivision of Rural Cameroon.” Science Journal of Public Health 1 (4): 165–174. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20130104.11.
  • Tarkang, E. E., M. M. Nzegge, E. Dadah, E. H. Ngondihiack, S. M. Dzah, A.-P. F, and A. SY. 2017. “Psychosocial Predictors of Sexual Abstinence Among Senior Secondary School Students in an Urban Setting in the Southwest Region of Cameroon.” Journal of Clinical Research in HIV AIDS and Prevention 3 (1): 8–17. https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-17-1686.
  • Tarkang, E. E., and L. B. Pencille. 2018. “Psychosocial Predictors of Consistent Condom Use Among Migrant Road Construction Workers in the Southwest Region of Cameroon Using the Health Belief Model.” The Pan African Medical Journal 29. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2018.29.215.15130.
  • UNAIDS (2005). Status of the Global HIV Epidemic: Report of the Global AIDS Epidemic.
  • UNAIDS (2020). Global AIDS Update—Seizing the Moment—Tackling Entrenched Inequalities to End Epidemics. Published online, 384.
  • UNAIDS & WHO. (2022). Uneven Progress on VMMC: UNAIDS and WHO Progress Brief, (2007–2020). Retrieved from https://www.malecircumcision.org/resource/uneven-progress-vmmc-unaids-and-who-progress-brief-april-2022-2007%E2%80%932020
  • Vejorerako, K. C. (2016). Knowledge, attitudes and practices on voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention in the Oshana region of Namibia (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Namibia).
  • Viera, A., J. J. van den Berg, C. D. Sosnowy, N. A. Mehta, E. J. Edelman, T. Kershaw, and P. A. Chan. 2022. “Barriers and Facilitators to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Uptake Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Use Stimulants: A Qualitative Study.” AIDS and Behavior 26 (9): 3016–3028. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-022-03633-5.
  • Vogel, E. A., L. Henriksen, N. C. Schleicher, and J. J. Prochaska. 2021. “Perceived Susceptibility to and Seriousness of COVID-19: Associations of Risk Perceptions with Changes in Smoking Behavior.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (14): 7621. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147621.
  • Wang, Z., Y. Fang, P. S. F. Chan, A. Chidgey, F. Fong, M. Ip, and J. T. Lau. 2021. “Effectiveness of a Community-Based Organization—Private Clinic Service Model in Promoting Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men.” Vaccines 9 (11): 1218. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111218.
  • Wang, Z., T. Feng, J. T. Lau, and Y. Kim. 2016. “Acceptability of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) Among Male Sexually Transmitted Diseases Patients (MSTDP) in China.” PLoS One 11 (2): e0149801. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149801.
  • Wang, B., X. Li, J. McGuire, V. Kamali, X. Fang, and B. Stanton. 2009. “Understanding the Dynamics of Condom Use Among Female Sex Workers in China.” Sexually Transmitted Diseases 36 (3): 134–140. https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318191721a.
  • Wang, C., J. D. Tucker, C. Liu, H. Zheng, W. Tang, and L. Ling. 2018. “Condom Use Social Norms and Self-Efficacy with Different Kinds of Male Partners Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men: Results from an Online Survey.” BMC Public Health 18 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6090-5.
  • Workagegn, F., G. Kiros, and L. Abebe. 2015. “Predictors of HIV-Test Utilization in PMTCT Among Antenatal Care Attendees in Government Health Centers: Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study Using Health Belief Model in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia, 2013.“ HIV/AIDS Research and Paliiative Care 7:215–222. https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S82000
  • Yakubu, I., G. Garmaroudi, R. Sadeghi, A. Tol, M. S. Yekaninejad, and A. Yidana. 2019. “Assessing the Impact of an Educational Intervention Program on Sexual Abstinence Based on the Health Belief Model Amongst Adolescent Girls in Northern Ghana, a Cluster Randomised Control Trial.” Reproductive Health 16 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0784-8.
  • Ye, X., M. Shang, T. Shen, B. Pei, X. Jiang, and Y. Cai. 2012. “Social, Psychological, and Environmental-Structural Factors Determine Consistent Condom Use Among Rural-To-Urban Migrant Female Sex Workers in Shanghai China.” BMC Public Health 12 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-599.
  • Yonga, A. M., L. Kiss, and K. H. Onarheim. 2022. “A Systematic Review of the Effects of Intimate Partner Violence on HIV-Positive Pregnant Women in Sub-Saharan Africa.” BMC Public Health 22 (1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12619-w.
  • Zarifian, H., S. Raheli, M. Yazdanpanah, and M. Yazdanpanah. 2020. “The Power of the Health Belief Model (HBM) to Predict Water Demand Management: A Case Study of farmers’ Water Conservation in Iran.” Journal of Environmental Management 263:110388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110388.
  • Zhang, H., M. Liao, X. Nie, R. Pan, C. Wang, S. Ruan, and C. Zhang. 2011. “Predictors of Consistent Condom Use Based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model Among Female Sex Workers in Jinan, China.” BMC Public Health 11 (1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-113.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.