225
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

An ecological theory of learning transfer in human activity

, &
Received 16 Jan 2024, Accepted 03 Jun 2024, Published online: 13 Jun 2024

References

  • Abraham, R. H., and C. D. Shaw. 1983. Dynamics, the Geometry of Behavior, Part 1. Santa Cruz, California: Aerial Press.
  • Adolph, K. E. 2019. “An Ecological Approach to Learning in (Not and) Development.” Human Development 63 (Suppl 3-4): 180–201. https://doi.org/10.1159/000503823.
  • Adolph, K. E. 2000. “Specificity of Learning: Why Infants Fall over a Veritable Cliff.” Psychological Science 11 (4): 290–295. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00258.
  • Alexander, R. McN. 1984. “The Gaits of Bipedal and Quadrupedal Animals.” The International Journal of Robotics Research 3 (2): 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/027836498400300205. S2CID 120138903
  • Anderson, J. R. 1987. “Skill Acquisition: Compilation of Weak-Method Problem Situations.” Psychological Review 94 (2): 192–210. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.94.2.192.
  • Anderson, J. R. 1982. “Acquisition of Cognitive Skill.” Psychological Review 89 (4): 369–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.89.4.369.
  • Anderson, J. R., S. Betts, D. Bothell, and C. Lebiere. 2021. “Discovering Skill.” Cognitive Psychology 129: 101410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2021.101410.
  • Barnett, S. M., and S. J. Ceci. 2002. “When and Where Do we Apply What we Learn?: A Taxonomy for Far Transfer.” Psychological Bulletin 128 (4): 612–637. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.612.
  • Bjork, R. A. 2018. “Being Suspicious of the Sense of Ease and Undeterred by the Sense of Difficulty: Looking Back at Schmidt and Bjork (1992).” Perspectives on Psychological Science 13 (2): 146–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617690642.
  • Bjork, R. A., and E. L. Bjork. 2020. “Desirable Difficulties in Theory and Practice.” Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition 9 (4): 475–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.09.003.
  • Boot, W. R., A. Sumner, T. Towne, P. Rodriguez, and K. A. Ericsson. 2016. “Applying Aspects of the Expert Performance Approach to Better Understand the Structure of Skill and Mechanisms of Skill Acquisition in Video Games.” Topics in Cognitive Science 9 (2): 413–436. https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12230.
  • Briggs, G. E., P. M. Fitts, and H. P. Bahrick. 1958. “Transfer Effects from a Single to a Double Integral Tracking System.” Journal of Experimental Psychology 55 (2): 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0047708.
  • Catchpole, K., T. Cohen, M. Alfred, S. Lawton, F. Kanji, D. Shouhed, L. Nemeth, and J. Anger. 2022. “Human Factors Integration in Robotic Surgery.” Human Factors 66 (3): 683–700. https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211068946.
  • Cheung, J. J. H., K. M. Kulasegaram, M. Kulamakan, N. N. Woods, and R. Brydges. 2021. Making Concepts Material: A Randomized Trial Exploring Simulation as a Medium to Enhance Cognitive Integration and Transfer of Learning. Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare 16 (6): 392–400. https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0000000000000543.
  • Chi, M. T. H., P. J. Feltovich, and R. Glaser. 1981. “Categorisation and Representation of Physics Problems by Experts and Novices.” Cognitive Science 5 (2): 121–152. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0502_2.
  • Chi, M. T. H., and K. A. VanLehn. 2012. “Seeing Deep Structure from the Interactions of Surface Features.” Educational Psychologist 47 (3): 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2012.695709.
  • Clancey, W. J. 1997. Situated Cognition: On Human Knowledge and Computer Representations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Detterman, D. K. 1993. “The Case for the Prosecution: Transfer as an Epiphenomenon.” In Transfer on Trial: Intelligence, Cognition, and Instruction, edited by D. K. Detterman and R. J. Sternberg, 1–24. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex Publishing.
  • Donchin, E. 1989. “The Learning Strategies Project: Introductory Remarks.” Acta Psychologica 71 (1-3): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(89)90002-4.
  • Ericsson, K. A. 2008. “Deliberate Practice and Acquisition of Expert Performance: A General Overview.” Academic Emergency Medicine 15 (11): 988–994. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00227.x.
  • Ericsson, K. A. 2004. “Deliberate Practice and the Acquisition and Maintenance of Expert Performance in Medicine and Related Domains.” Academic Medicine 79 (Supplement): S70–S81. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200410001-00022.
  • Evans, K. K., D. Georgian-Smith, R. Tambouret, R. L. Birdwell, and J. M. Wolfe. 2013. “The Gist of the Abnormal: Above-Chance Medical Decision Making in the Blink of an Eye.” Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 20 (6): 1170–1175. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-013-0459-3.
  • Fajen, B. R. 2007. “Affordance-Based Control of Visually Guided Action.” Ecological Psychology 19 (4): 383–410. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407410701557877.
  • Feynman, R. 1967. The Character of Physical Law. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
  • Fitts, P. M., and M. I. Posner. 1967. Human Performance. Belmont, California: Brooks/Cole.
  • Gallagher, A. G., and G. C. O’Sullivan. 2011. Fundamentals of Surgical Simulation; Principles and Practice. London, UK: Springer Verlag.
  • Gibson, E. J. 1991. An Odyssey in Learning and Perception. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
  • Gibson, E. J. 1969. Principles of Perceptual Learning and Development. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  • Gibson, J. J. 1979. The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Gibson, J. J., and L. E. Crooks. 1938. “A Theoretical Field-Analysis of Automobile-Driving.” The American Journal of Psychology 51 (3): 453–471. https://doi.org/10.2307/1416145.
  • Gick, M. L., and K. J. Holyoak. 1987. “The Cognitive Basis of Knowledge Transfer.” In Transfer of Learning, edited by S. M. Cormier and J. D. Hagman, 9–46. San Diego, California: Academic Press.
  • Gick, M. L., and K. J. Holyoak. 1980. “Analogical Problem Solving.” Cognitive Psychology 12 (3): 306–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(80)90013-4.
  • Gobet, F. 2019. The Psychology of Chess. London: Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Gobet, F., and G. Sala. 2023. “Cognitive Training: A Field in Search of a Phenomenon.” Perspectives on Psychological Science 18 (1): 125–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916221091830.
  • Goldstone, R. L., D. H. Landy, and J. Y. Son. 2010. “The Education of Perception.” Topics in Cognitive Science 2 (2): 265–284. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01055.x.
  • Gonzalez, C., J. F. Lerch, and C. Lebiere. 2003. “Instance-Based Learning in Dynamic Decision Making.” Cognitive Science 27 (4): 591–635. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2704_2.
  • Gorman, T. E., and R. L. Goldstone. 2022. “An Instance-Based Model account of the Benefits of Varied Practice in Visuomotor Skill.” Cognitive Psychology 137: 101491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2022.101491.
  • Guastello, S. J. 2017. “Nonlinear Dynamical Systems for Theory and Research in Ergonomics.” Ergonomics 60 (2): 167–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2016.1162851.
  • Holyoak, K. J., and P. W. Cheng. 2011. “Causal Learning and Inference as a Rational Process: The New Synthesis.” Annual Review of Psychology 62 (1): 135–163. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.121208.131634.
  • Ifenthaler, D. 2012. “Measures of Similarity.” In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, edited by N. M. Seel. Boston, MA: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_503.
  • Jim’s Chess Channel. 2013, February 20. “Chess Basics #1: King and Pawn Endings – The Rule of The Square [Video].” YouTube. youtu.be/OiaGte1CRnM.
  • Johansson, G. 1973. “Visual Perception of Biological Motion and a Model for Its Analysis.” Perception & Psychophysics 14 (2): 201–211. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03212378.
  • Kelley, C. R. 1969. “What is Adaptive Training?” Human Factors 11: 547–556.
  • Kellman, P. J., C. Massey, Z. Roth, T. Burke, J. Zucker, A. Saw, K. E. Aguero, and J. A. Wise. 2008. “Perceptual Learning and the Technology of Expertise: Studies in Fraction Learning and Algebra.” Pragmatics & Cognition 16 (2): 356–405. https://doi.org/10.1075/p&c.16.2.07kel.
  • Kellman, P. J., C. M. Massey, and J. Son. 2010. “Perceptual Learning Modules in Mathematics: Enhancing Students’ Pattern Recognition, Structure Extraction, and Fluency.” Topics in Cognitive Science 2 (2): 285–305. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01053.x.
  • Klein, F. 1893. “English Translation of 1872 German Original). A Comparative Review of Recent Researches in Geometry.” Bulletin of the New York Mathematical Society II: 215–249.
  • Klein, G. 1998. Sources of Power: How People Make Decisions. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
  • Klein, G., and J. Borders. 2016. “The ShadowBox Approach to Cognitive Skills Training: An Empirical Evaluation.” Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 10 (3): 268–280. https://doi.org/10.1177/1555343416636515.
  • Kugler, P. N., and M. T. Turvey. 1987. Information, Natural Law, and the Self-Assembly of Rhythmic Movement. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.
  • Langewiesche, W. 1944. Stick and Rudder: An Explanation of the Art of Flying. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Lincoln, R. S. 1953. “Visual Tracking III: The Instrumental Dimension of Motion in Relation to Tracking Accuracy.” Journal of Applied Psychology 37 (6): 489–493. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0060608.
  • Lintern, Gavan. 2012. “Work-Focused Analysis and Design.” Cognition, Technology & Work 14 (1): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-010-0167-y.
  • Lintern, G. 1991. “An Informational Perspective on Skill Transfer in Human-Machine Systems.” Human Factors 33 (3): 251–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872089103300302.
  • Lintern, G. 1989. “The Learning Strategies Program: Concluding Remarks.” Acta Psychologica 71 (1-3): 301–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(89)90013-9.
  • Lintern, G. 1980. “Transfer of Landing Skill after Training with Supplementary Visual Cues.” Human Factors 22 (1): 81–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872088002200109.
  • Lintern, G., and W. R. Boot. 2021. “Cognitive Training: Transfer beyond the Laboratory?” Human Factors 63 (3): 531–547. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819879814.
  • Lintern, G., and D. Gopher. 1978. “Adaptive Training of Perceptual Motor Skills: Issues, Results, and Future Directions.” International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 10 (5): 521–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7373(78)80018-2.
  • Lintern, G., and P. N. Kugler. 2022. “Emergence and Non-Emergence for System Safety.” Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 24 (6): 646–661. https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2022.2134941.
  • Lintern, G., P. N. Kugler, and A. Motavalli. 2024. Analysis for Learning Transfer. Bridges Document Repository, Monash University, Melbourne, https://doi.org/10.26180/25954768.
  • Lintern, G., and Y. Liu. 1991. “Explicit and Implicit Horizons for Simulated Landing Approaches.” Human Factors 33 (4): 401–417.
  • Logan, G. D. 1988. “Toward an Instance Theory of Automatisation.” Psychological Review 95 (4): 492–527. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.95.4.492.
  • Madhavan, P., and C. Gonzalez. 2010. “The Relationship between Stimulus-Response Mappings and the Detection of Novel Stimuli in a Simulated Luggage Screening Activity.” Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 11 (5): 461–473. https://doi.org/10.1080/14639220902866692.
  • Mané, A., and E. Donchin. 1989. “The Space Fortress Game.” Acta Psychologica 71 (1–3): 17–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(89)90003-6.
  • Marraffino, M. D., B. L. Schroeder, N. W. Fraulini, W. L. Van Buskirk, and C. I. Johnson. 2021. “Adapting Training in Real Time: An Empirical Test of Adaptive Difficulty Schedules.” Military Psychology 33 (3): 136–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2021.1897451.
  • Mather, G., and L. Murdoch. 1994. “Gender Discrimination in Biological Motion Displays Based on Dynamic Cues.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B 258 (1353): 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1994.0173.
  • Medin, D. L., R. L. Goldstone, and D. Gentner. 1993. “Respects for Similarity.” Psychological Review 100 (2): 254–278. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.2.254.
  • Mole, C. D., O. Lappi, O. Giles, G. Markkula, F. Mars, and R. M. Wilkie. 2019. “Getting Back into the Loop: The Perceptual-Motor Determinants of Successful Transitions out of Automated Driving.” Human Factors 61 (7): 1037–1065. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819829594.
  • Morris, C. D., J. D. Bransford, and J. J. Franks. 1977. “Levels of Processing versus Transfer Appropriate Processing.” Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 16 (5): 519–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(77)80016-9.
  • Norman, G., K. Dore, and L. Grierson. 2012. “The Minimal Relationship between Simulation Fidelity and Transfer of Learning.” Medical Education 46 (7): 636–647. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2012.04243.x
  • Prigogine, I., and I. Stengers. 1984. Order out of Chaos. Toronto: Bantam Books.
  • Poulton, E. C. 1974. Tracking Skill and Manual Control. New York: Academic Press.
  • Reber, A. S., E. Reber, and R. Allen. 2009. The Penguin Dictionary of Psychology, 4th ed. London: Penguin Press, ISBN: 9780141030241.
  • Reed, E. S. 1996. Encountering the World: Toward an Ecological Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Reed, S. K., G. W. Ernst, and R. Banerji. 1974. “The Role of Analogy in Transfer between Similar Problem States.” Cognitive Psychology 6 (3): 436–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(74)90020-6.
  • Rosen, R. 1988. “Similarity and Dissimilarity: A Partial Overview.” Human Movement Science 7 (2–4): 131–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9457(88)90010-3.
  • Sala, G., N. D. Aksayli, K. S. Tatlidil, T. Tatsumi, Y. Gondo, and F. Gobet. 2019. “Near and Far Transfer in Cognitive Training: A Second-Order Meta-Analysis.” Collabra: Psychology 5 (1): 18. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.203.
  • Sala, G., and F. Gobet. 2020. “Cognitive and Academic Benefits of Music Training with Children: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis.” Memory & Cognition 48 (8): 1429–1441. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-020-01060-2.
  • Sala, G., S. Tatlidil, and F. Gobet. 2018. “Video Game Training Does Not Enhance Cognitive Ability: A Comprehensive Meta-Analytic Investigation.” Psychological Bulletin 144 (2): 111–139. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000139.
  • Schmidt, R. A., and R. A. Bjork. 1992. “New Conceptualisations of Practice: Common Principles in Three Paradigms Suggest New Concepts for Training.” Psychological Science 3 (4): 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00029.x.
  • Schmidt, R. A., and D. E. Young. 1987. “Transfer of Movement Control in Motor Skill Learning.” In Transfer of Learning, edited by S. M. Cormier and J. D. Hagman. San Diego, California: Academic Press.
  • Simon, H. A., and W. G. Chase. 1973. “Skill in Chess: Experiments with Chess-Playing Tasks and Computer Simulation of Skilled Performance Throw Light on Some Human Perceptual and Memory Processes.” American Scientist 61 (4): 394–403. www.jstor.org/stable/27843878.
  • Singham, Mano. 2020. “The Idea That a Scientific Theory Can Be ‘Falsified’ Is a Myth.” Scientific American September 7, 2020: 62–69. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-idea-that-a-scientific-theory-can-be-falsified-is-a-myth/.
  • Singley, M. K., and J. R. Anderson. 1989. The Transfer of Cognitive Skill. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Soderstrom, N. C., and R. A. Bjork. 2015. “Learning versus Performance: An Integrative Review.” Perspectives on Psychological Science 10 (2): 176–199. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615569000.
  • Son, J. Y., and R. L. Goldstone. 2009. “Fostering General Transfer with Specific Simulations.” Pragmatics & Cognition 17 (1): 1–42. https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.17.1.01son.
  • Stanard, T., J. M. Flach, M. R. H. Smith, and R. Warren. 2012. “Learning to Avoid Collisions: A Functional State Space Approach.” Ecological Psychology 24 (4): 328–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2012.729382.
  • Staszewski, J. 2004. “Models of Expertise as Blueprints for Cognitive Engineering: Applications to Landmine Detection.” Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 48, 458–462.
  • Taatgen, N. A. 2013. “The Nature and Transfer of Cognitive Skills.” Psychological Review 120 (3): 439–471. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033138.
  • Taylor, H. L., G. Lintern, C. L. Hulin, D. Talleur, T. Emanuel, and S. Phillips. 1999. “Transfer of Training Effectiveness of a Personal Computer Aviation Training Device.” The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 9 (4): 319–335. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327108ijap0904_1.
  • The Chess Website. 2022, June 9). “Reti Endgame Strategy [Video].” YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=9X1Zs9HraLM&t=6s.
  • Thomas, B. J., and M. A. Riley. 2014. “Remembered Affordances Reflect the Fundamental Action-Relevant, Context-Specific Nature of Visual Perception.” Journal of Experimental Psychology 40 (6): 2361–2371. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000015.
  • Thompson, C. A., and J. E. Opfer. 2012. “Trouble with Transfer: Insights from the Study of Learning.” In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, edited by N. M. Seel. Boston, MA: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_1748.
  • Thompson, D. W. 1917. On Growth and Form. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Thorndike, E. L., and R. S. Woodworth. 1901. “The Influence of Improvement in One Mental Fun­ction upon the Efficiency of Other Functions (I).” Psychological Review 8 (3): 247–261. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0074898.
  • Thorndike, E. L. 1903. Educational Psychology. New York: Lemcke and Buechner.
  • Thorndike, E. L. 1922. “The Effect of Changed Data upon Reasoning.” Journal of Experimental Psychology 5 (1): 33–38. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0072415.
  • Tversky, A. 1977. “Features of Similarity.” Psychological Review 84 (4): 327–352. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.4.327.
  • von Bertalanffy, L. 1950. “An Outline of General System Theory.” The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 1 (2): 134–165. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjps/I.2.134.
  • Wagman, J. B., B. J. Thomas, D. M. McBride, and B. M. Day. 2013. “Perception of Maximum Reaching Height When the Means of Reaching Are No Longer in View.” Ecological Psychology 25 (1): 63–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2013.753810.
  • Warren, W. 2006. “The Dynamics of Perception and Action.” Psychological Review 113 (2): 358–389. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.113.2.358.
  • Wightman, D. C., and G. Lintern. 1985. “Part-Task Training for Tracking and Manual Control.” Human Factors 27 (3): 267–283.
  • Ye, Xiaozhen, Per Backlund, Jianguo Ding, and Huansheng Ning. 2020. “Fidelity in Simulation-Based Serious Games.” IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies 13 (2): 340–353. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2019.2913408.