185
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

How Western Buddhists Combine Buddhism and Climate Activism

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon

References

  • Anderson, C. S. 2019. “Anger Makes us Ugly: Reflections from Pāli Buddhism.” Buddhist-Christian Studies 39 (1): 27–36. Accessed May 15, 2024. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A603318355/AONE?u=anon~86bf714&sid=googleScholar&xid=1239dadf.
  • Angill-Williams, A., and C. J. Davis. 2021. “Increasing Climate Efficacy Is Not a Surefire Means to Promoting Climate Commitment.” Thinking & Reasoning, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2021.1979651.
  • Archer, M. S. 2007 .Making Our Way Through the World: Human Reflexivity and Social Mobility. https://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/74236/frontmatter/9780521874236_frontmatter.pdf.
  • Beck, U., and E. Beck-Gernsheim. 2002. Individualization: Institutionalized Individualism and Its Social and Political Consequences. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446218693.
  • Bendell, J., and R. Read, eds. 2021. Deep Adaptation: Navigating the Realities of Climate Chaos. Cambridge, UK & Medford, MA: Polity Press.
  • Bergman, H. 2023. “Anger in Response to Climate Breakdown.” Zeitschrift FüR Ethik Und Moralphilosophie/Zeitschrift Für Ethik Und Moralphilosophie 6 (2): 269–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42048-023-00149-y.
  • Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2006. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
  • Brulle, R. J., and K. M. Norgaard. 2019. “Avoiding Cultural Trauma: Climate Change and Social Inertia.” Environmental Politics 28 (5): 886–908. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2018.1562138.
  • Buzogány, A., and P. Scherhaufer. 2023. “The New Climate Movement: Organization, Strategy, and Consequences.” In Routledge Handbook of Environmental Policy, edited by H. Jörgens, C. Knill, and Y. Steinebach, 358–380. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
  • Cairns, J. 2024. “Phases of the Buddhist Approach to the Environment.” Journal of Buddhist Ethics 30. https://blogs.dickinson.edu/buddhistethics/2024/02/12/5317/.
  • Cairns, J., and P. Pihkala. “How Western Buddhist Climate Activists Negotiate Climate Emotions.” Unpublished Manuscript.
  • Chawla, L. 1999. “Life Paths into Effective Environmental Action.” The Journal of Environmental Education 31(1): 15–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958969909598628
  • Chawla, L. 2020. “Childhood Nature Connection and Constructive Hope: A Review of Research on Connecting with Nature and Coping with Environmental Loss.” People and Nature 2: 619–642. 10.1002/pan3.10128.
  • Cheah, J., and C. Suh. 2022. “Western Buddhism and Race.” In Oxford Encyclopedia of Buddhism, edited by, R. K. Payne and G. Halkias. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.725.
  • Chen, S. 2014. “Buddha-Nature of Insentient Beings.” In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, edited by D. A. Leeming, 208–212. Boston, MA: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6086-2_9002.
  • Clayton, S. D., S. Czellar, S. Nartova-Bochaver, J. C. Skibins, G. Salazar, Y.-C. Tseng, B. Irkhin, et al. 2021. “Cross-Cultural Validation of a Revised Environmental Identity Scale.” Sustainability 13 (4): 2387. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042387.
  • Clayton, S. D., and S. Opotow, eds. 2003. Identity and the Natural Environment: The Psychological Significance of Nature. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Corning, A. F., and D. J. Myers. 2002. “Individual Orientation Toward Engagement in Social Action.” Political Psychology 23 (4): 703–729. https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895x.00304.
  • Cozort, D. 1995. “‘Cutting the Roots of Virtue’: Tsongkhapa on the Results of Anger’.” Journal of Buddhist Ethics 2: 83–104. https://blogs.dickinson.edu/buddhistethics/files/2010/04/Cozort.pdf.
  • Craddock, E. 2020. Living Against Austerity. A Feminist Investigation of Doing Activism and Being Activist. Bristol, UK: Bristol University Press.
  • Cusack, C. 2011. “The Western Reception of Buddhism.” Journal for the Academic Study of Religion 24 (3): 297–316. https://doi.org/10.1558/jasr.v24i3.297.
  • Deaux, K. 1993. “Reconstructing Social Identity.” Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 19 (1): 4–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167293191001
  • DeSantis, L., and D. N. Ugarriza. 2000. “The Concept of Theme as Used in Qualitative Nursing Research.” Western Journal of Nursing Research 22 (3): 351–372. https://doi.org/10.1177/019394590002200308
  • Dietz, T., A. Fitzgerald, and R. Shwom. 2005. “Environmental Values.” Annual Review of Environment and Resources 30 (1): 335–372. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144444.
  • Dorrien, G. J. 1995. Soul in Society: The Making and Renewal of Social Christianity. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press.
  • Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK. 2023. “The Finnish Code of Conduct for Research Integrity and Procedures for Handling Alleged Violations of Research Integrity in Finland.” https://tenk.fi/sites/default/files/2023-11/RI_Guidelines_2023.pdf.
  • Fisher, S. R. 2015. “Life Trajectories of Youth Committing to Climate Activism.” Environmental Education Research 22 (2): 229–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2015.1007337.
  • Fredericks, S. E. 2021. Environmental Guilt and Shame: Signals of Individual and Collective Responsibility and the Need for Ritual Responses. Oxford University Press.
  • Garfield, A. M., B. B. Drwecki, C. F. Moore, K. V. Kortenkamp, and M. D. Gracz. 2014. “The Oneness Beliefs Scale: Connecting Spirituality with Pro‐Environmental Behavior.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 53 (2): 356–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12108.
  • Gecas, V. 2000. “Value Identities, Self-Motives, and Social Movements, ’.” In Self, Identity, and Social Movements, edited by S. Stryker, T. J. Owens, and R. W. White, 93–109. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Gerten, D., and S. Bergmann, eds. 2012. Religion in Environmental and Climate Change: Suffering, Values, Lifestyles. UK: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Gregersen, T., G. Andersen, and E. Tvinnereim. 2023. “The Strength and Content of Climate Anger.” Global Environmental Change 82: 102738.
  • Grönlund, H. 2011. “Identity and Volunteering Intertwined: Reflections from the Values of Young Adults.” VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 22 (3): 852–874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-011-9184-6.
  • Härkönen, M., and J. Cairns. “Engaged Buddhism in Finland – Too Cautious to Take Action.” Unpublished Manuscript in Review.
  • Hickman, C., Marks, E., Pihkala, P., Clayton, S., Lewandowski, R. E., Mayall, E. E., Wray, B., Mellor, C., and van Susteren, L. 2021. “Climate Anxiety in Children and Young People and Their Beliefs About Government Responses to Climate Change: A Global Survey.” The Lancet Planetary Health 5 (12): e863–e873. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00278-3.
  • Hitlin, S. 2007. “Doing Good, Feeling Good: Values and the self’s Moral Center.” The Journal of Positive Psychology 2 (4): 249–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701552352.
  • Hoggett, P., and R. Randall. 2018. “Engaging with Climate Change: Comparing the Cultures of Science and Activism.” Environmental Values 27 (3): 223–243. https://doi.org/10.3197/096327118X15217309300813
  • Hüppauff, T., N. Richter, and M. Hunecke. 2022. “Heavy Crisis, New Perspectives? Investigating the Role of Consumption, Time Wealth and Meaning Construction During Countrywide COVID-19 Lockdown in Germany,’.” Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology 3: 100045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cresp.2022.100045
  • Jackson, C. 1988. “The Counterculture Looks East: Beat Writers and Asian Religion.” American Studies 29 (1): 51–70.
  • Jensen, T., ed. 2019. Ecologies of Guilt in Environmental Rhetorics. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Kaza, S. 2005. “Western Buddhist Motivations for Vegetarianism.” Worldviews 9 (3): 385–411. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853505774841650.
  • Kaza, S. 2018. “Buddhist Environmental Ethics: An Emergent and Contextual Approach.” In The Oxford Handbook of Buddhist Ethics, edited by D. Cozort and J. M. Shields. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198746140.013.17
  • Kenis, A., and E. Mathijs. 2012. “Beyond Individual Behaviour Change: The Role of Power, Knowledge and Strategy in Tackling Climate Change.” Environmental Education Research 18 (1): 45–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2011.576315.
  • King, S. B. 2009. Socially Engaged Buddhism. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press.
  • Kirsop-Taylor, N., D. Russel, and A. Jensen. 2023. “A Typology of the Climate Activist.” Humanities & Social Sciences Communications 10 (1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02398-z.
  • LaMothe, R. 2024. “Experiences of Beauty and Eco-Sorrow: Truths of the Anthropocene and the Possibility of Inoperative Care.” Pastoral Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-024-01127-w.
  • Levantesi, S. 2023. “’Enemies of Society’: How the Media Portray Climate Activists.” Green European Journal, October 17,Accessed May 21, 2024. https://www.greeneuropeanjournal.eu/enemies-of-society-how-the-media-portray-climate-activists/.
  • Løkken, R. H. E. 2022. “The Lived Experience of Coping with Emotional Responses to Climate Change: An Existential Phenomenological Study.” Master’s thesis, hovedoppgave i Profesjonsstudiet i psykologi, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet (NTNU), Fakultet for samfunns- og utdanningsvitenskap, Institutt for psykologi. August, 2022. https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/handle/11250/3039457
  • Louis, W. R., Amiot, C. E., Thomas, E. F., and Blackwood, L. 2016. “The “Activist Identity” and Activism Across Domains: A Multiple Identities Analysis.” Journal of Social Issues 72 (2): 242–263. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12165.
  • Loy, D. R. 2018. Ecodharma: Buddhist Teachings for the Precipice. USA: Wisdom Publications.
  • Macy, J. 2009. “The Ecological Self.” In Buddhist Philosophy: Essential Reading, edited by W. Edelglass and J. Garfield, 428–436. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Macy, J., and M. Y. Brown. 2014. Coming Back to Life: The Updated Guide to the Work That Reconnects. Gabriola Island, Canada: New Society.
  • Mannarini, T., A. Fedi, and M. Pozzi. 2024. ““We, activists”, “They, the activists”: Exploring Activist Identity Among Youth Inside and Outside the Stereotype.” Identity 24 (2): 156–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/15283488.2024.2315441.
  • Mayes, E., and M. E. Hartup. 2022. “News Coverage of the School Strike for Climate Movement in Australia: The Politics of Representing Young strikers’ Emotions.” Journal of Youth Studies 25 (7): 994–1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2021.1929887.
  • McAdams, D. P. 2006. “The Role of Narrative in Personality Psychology Today.” Narrative Inquiry 16 (1): 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1075/ni.16.1.04mca
  • McDonald, R. I., K. S. Fielding, and W. R. Louis. 2012. “Conflicting Norms Highlight the Need for Action.” Environment and Behavior 46 (2): 139–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916512453992.
  • McMahan, D. L. 2008. The Making of Buddhist Modernism. New York and London: Oxford University Press.
  • McMahan, D. L. 2009. The Making of Buddhist Modernism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • McRae, E. 2018. “Anger and the Oppressed: Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Perspectives.” In Moral Psychology of Anger, edited by M. Cherry and O. Flanagan, 105–121. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Menning, N. 2017. “Environmental Mourning and the Religious Imagination.” In Mourning Nature: Hope at the Heart of Ecological Loss & Grief, edited by A. Cunsolo Willox and K. Landman, 39–63. Canada: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
  • Moser, S. C. 2015. “Whither the Heart(-To-Heart)? Prospects for a Humanistic Turn in Environmental Communication As the World Changes Darkly.” In Handbook on Environment and Communication, edited by A. Hansen and R. Cox, 402–413. London: Routledge.
  • Nairn, K. 2019. “Learning from Young People Engaged in Climate Activism: The Potential of Collectivizing Despair and Hope.” Young 27 (5): 435–450. https://doi.org/10.1177/1103308818817603.
  • Näre, L. 2022. “Is Open Science Good for Research and Researchers?” Nordic Journal of Migration Research 12 (1): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.33134/njmr.553.
  • Nash, R. F. 1989. The Rights of Nature: A History of Environmental Ethics. The University of Wisconsin Press.
  • Nita, M. 2016. Praying and Campaigning with Environmental Christians: Green Religion and the Climate Movement. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Pihkala, P. 2020. “Eco-Anxiety and Environmental Education.” Sustainability 12 (23): 10149. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310149.
  • Pihkala, P. 2022a. “Eco-Anxiety and Pastoral Care: Theoretical Considerations and Practical Suggestions.” Religions 13 (3): 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13030192.
  • Pihkala, P. 2022b. “The Process of Eco-Anxiety and Ecological Grief: A Narrative Review and a New Proposal.” Sustainability 14 (24): 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416628.
  • Pihkala, P. 2024. “Ecological Sorrow: Types of Grief and Loss in Ecological Grief.” Sustainability 16 (2): 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020849.
  • Ryan, R. M., V. Huta, and E. L. Deci. 2006. “Living Well: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective on Eudaimonia.” Journal of Happiness Studies 9 (1): 139–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9023-4.
  • Sangervo, J., K. M. Jylhä, P. Pihkala, P. Lauri, A. Favero, N. Forsell, and C. Johnston. 2022. “Climate Anxiety: Conceptual Considerations, and Connections with Climate Hope and Action.” Global Environmental Change 76: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102569.
  • Schmithausen, L. 1997. “The Early Buddhist Tradition and Ecological Ethics.” The Journal of Buddhist Ethics 4: 1–74. http://dharmaflower.net/_collection/earlybuddhist.pdf.
  • Sciberras, C. 2008. “Buddhism and Speciesism: On the Misapplication of Western Concepts to Buddhist Beliefs.” The Journal of Buddhist Ethics 15: 214–240. http://enlight.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-MAG/mag172903.pdf.
  • Sparker, A. 2005. “Narrative Analysis: Exploring the Whats and Hows of Personal Stories.” In Qualitative Research in Health Care, edited by I. Holloway, 191–208. Berkshire: Open University Press.
  • Starkey, C. 2023. “British Buddhism, Secular Mindfulness, and the Politics of Sustainability.” Religion 54 (2): 179–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721x.2023.2222694.
  • Stevenson, R. B., M. Brody, J. Dillon, and A. E. J. Wals. 2013. International Handbook of Research on Environmental Education. UK: Routledge.
  • Stryker, S. 2000. “Identity Competition: Key to Differential Social Movement Participation.” In Self, Identity, and Social Movements, edited by S. Stryker, T. J. Owens, and R. W. White, 21–40. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Stuart, D. 2020. “Radical Hope: Truth, Virtue, and Hope for What Is Left in Extinction Rebellion.” Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 33 (3–6): 487–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-020-09835-y
  • Tajfel, H. 1981. Human Groups and Social Categories. Studies in Social Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Van Lente, E., and M. J. Hogan. 2020. “Understanding the Nature of Oneness Experience in Meditators Using Collective Intelligence Methods.” Frontiers in Psychology 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02092.
  • Walton, T. N., and R. E. Jones. 2017. “Ecological Identity: The Development and Assessment of a Measurement Scale.” Environment and Behavior 50 (6): 657–689. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916517710310.
  • White, L. 1967. “The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis.” Science 155 (3767): 1203–1207. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.155.3767.1203
  • Wiseman, J. 2021. Hope and Courage in the Climate Crisis: Wisdom and Action in the Long Emergency. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70743-9.