50
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Directed Forgetting Effect in Word-fragment Completion: An Application of the Process Dissociation Procedure

&
Pages 405-423 | Received 20 Jun 1994, Published online: 29 May 2007

References

  • Basden , B. H. , Basden , D. R. and Gargano , J. G. 1993 . Directed forgetting in implicit and explicit memory tests: A comparison of methods . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 19 : 603 – 616 .
  • Bjork , R. A. 1972 . “ Theoretical implications of directed forgetting ” . In Coding processes in human memory Edited by: Mellon , A. W. and Martin , E. Washington, DC : Winston .
  • Bjork , R. A. 1989 . “ Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human memory ” . In Varieties of memory and consciousness: Essays in honour of Endel Tulving Edited by: Roediger , H. L. II and Craik , F. I. M. 309 – 330 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. .
  • Bjork , R. A. and Woodward , A. E. 1973 . Directed forgetting of individual words in free recall . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 99 : 22 – 27 .
  • Blaxton , T. A. 1989 . Investigating dissociations among memory measures: Support for a transfer appropriate processing framework . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 15 : 657 – 668 .
  • Bortolini , U. , Tagliavini , C. and Zampolli , A. 1971 . Lessico di frequenza della lingua italiana contemporanea Milan : Garzanti .
  • Challis , B. H. and Brodbeck , D. R. 1992 . Level of processing affects priming in word fragment completion . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 18 : 595 – 607 .
  • Cohen , J. 1988 . Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. (2nd ed.) Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. .
  • Curran , T. and Hintzman , D. L. (in press) . Violations of the independence assumption in process dissociation . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. ,
  • Eich , E. 1984 . Memory for unattended events: Remembering with and without awareness . Memory & Cognition , 12 : 105 – 111 .
  • Geiselman , R. E. , Bjork , R. A. and Fishman , D. L. 1983 . Disrupted retrieval in directed forgetting: A link with posthypnotic amnesia . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 112 : 58 – 72 .
  • Golding , J. M. , Long , D. L. and MacLeod , C. M. 1994 . You can't always forget what you want: Directed forgetting of related words . Journal of Memory and Language , 33 (4) : 493 – 510 .
  • Graf , P. and Mandler , G. 1984 . Activation makes words more accessible but not necessarily more retrievable . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour , 23 : 553 – 568 .
  • Greene , R. L. 1986 . Word stems as cues in recall and completion tasks . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 38A : 663 – 673 .
  • Jacoby , L. L. 1991 . A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory . Journal of Memory and Language , 30 : 513 – 541 .
  • Jacoby , L. L. and Hollingshead , A. 1990 . Toward a generate/recognise model of performance on direct and indirect tests of memory . Journal of Memory and Language , 29 : 433 – 454 .
  • Jacoby , L. L. , Toth , J. P. and Yonelinas , A. P. 1993 . Unconscious influences of memory: Attention, awareness, and control . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 122 : 139 – 154 .
  • MacLeod , C. M. 1975 . Long-term recognition and recall following directed forgetting . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory , 1 : 271 – 279 .
  • MacLeod , C. M. 1989 . Directed forgetting affects both direct and indirect tests of memory . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 15 : 13 – 21 .
  • Ohta , N. 1992 . Do different forgetting rates across different primed word fragment completion conditions require a new theory? Bruxelles Paper presented at the 25th International Congress of Psychology, 19–24 July.
  • Paller , K. A. 1990 . Recall and stem completion priming have different electrophysiological correlates and are modified differentially by directed forgetting . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 16 : 1021 – 1032 .
  • Parkin , A. J. , Reid , T. K. and Russo , R. 1990 . On the differential nature of implicit and explicit memory . Memory and Cognition , 18 : 507 – 514 .
  • Richardson-Klavehn , A. , Gardiner , J. M. and Java , R. I. 1994 . Involuntary conscious memory and the method of opposition . Memory , 2 (1) : 1 – 29 .
  • Rosenthal , R. and Rosnow , R. L. 1991 . Essentials of behavioral research: Methods and data analysis New York : McGraw-Hill .
  • Schacter , D. L. , Bowers , J. S. and Booker , J. 1989 . “ Intention, awareness and implicit memory: The retrieval intentionality criterion ” . In Implicit memory: Theoretical issues Edited by: Lewandowsky , S. , Dunn , J. C. and Kirsner , K. 47 – 65 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. .
  • Srinivas , K. and Roediger , H. L. 1990 . Classifying implicit memory tests: Category association and anagram solution . Journal of Memory and Language , 29 : 389 – 412 .
  • Toth , S. P. and Reingold , E. H. 1994 . Toward a redefinition of implicit memory: Process dissociations following elaborative processing and self-generation . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 20 : 290 – 303 .
  • Wetzel , C. D. 1975 . Effect of orienting tasks and cue timing on the free recall of remember- and forget-cue words . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory , 1 : 556 – 566 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.