Writing Multiculturalism? Planning for Culturally Different Identities in the City of Birmingham

References

• Anderson , K. 1987 . The idea of Chinatown: the power of place and institutional practice in the making of a racial category . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 77 ( 4 ) : 580 – 598 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , K.J. 1991 . Vancouver's Chinatown: Racial Discourse in Canada, 1875–1980 , London : McGill-Queens University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Attridge , D. 2000 . “ Deconstruction and fiction ” . In Deconstructions: A User's Guide , Edited by: Royle , N. London : Palgrave .
   Google Scholar
• Beebeejaun , Y. 2004 . What's in a nation? Constructing ethnicity in the British planning system . Planning Theory and Practice , 5 ( 4 ) : 437 – 451 .
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin , W. 1973 . Illuminations , London : Fontana . trans. H. Zohn
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin , A. 1997 . “ Eisenman and the housing of tradition ” . In Rethinking Architecture: A Reader in Cultural Theory , Edited by: Leach , N. London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Bhattacharyya , G. 2000 . “ Metropolis of the Midlands ” . In Urban Space and Representation , Edited by: Balshaw , M. and Kennedy , L. London : Pluto Press .
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham City Council & West Midlands County Council (1980a) Birmingham Central Area District Plan—Draft Written Statement Discussion Document.
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham City Council & West Midlands County Council (1980b) Birmingham Central Area District Plan Topic Papers—Employment.
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham City Council & West Midlands County Council (1981) Birmingham Central Area District Plan.
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham City Council (1988) The Highbury Initiative: Proceedings of the Birmingham City Centre Challenge Symposium 25—27 March 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham City Council (1989) The Highbury Initiative City Centre Challenge Symposium 1989; Birmingham City Centre: A Personal View of Progress.
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham City Council (2001) Highbury 3: Report of Proceedings February 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham City Council Planning & Architecture Department (1993) The Birmingham Plan—Birmingham Unitary Development Plan 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham City Council Planning & Architecture Department (1996) Chinese/Markets Quarter—Planning & Urban Design Framework, Consultation Draft.
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham City Council, Department of Planning and Architecture (1992) City Centre Strategy.
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham Development Department (1989) Developing Birmingham 1889–1989: 100 Years of Planning.
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham Evening Mail (2001) A Chinese pagoda has brought a touch of the Orient to Birmingham's skyline—thanks to a Midland building company, 8 April.
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham Evening Mail (1989) £20 m city centre plan gets starter from Whitehall, 15 December.
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham Evening Mail (1989) Arcadian delight as city gets £3 m, 13 December.
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham Evening Mail (1991) Brum's new China Town boost, 2 August.
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham Evening Mail (1992) Heritage Centre, 14 May.
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham Post (1983) Untitled, 10 May.
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham Post (1988) £1 m pagoda-style complex on way, 23 November.
   Google Scholar
• Birmingham Post (1990) Chinatown fears grow as company closes office, 14 September.
   Google Scholar
• Bramwell , B. and Rawding , L. 1996 . Tourism marketing images of industrial cities . Annals of Tourism Research , 23 ( 1 ) : 201 – 221 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burayidi , M.A. 2003 . The multicultural city as planners' enigma . Planning Theory and Practice , 4 ( 3 ) : 259 – 273 .
   Google Scholar
• Cadbury , P. 1952 . Birmingham: Fifty Years On , Birmingham : Bournville Village Trust .
   Google Scholar
• Chan , W.F. 2004 . “ Finding Chinatown: urban planning and its domestic outline ” . In City of Quarters: Urban Villages in the Contemporary City , Edited by: Jayne , M. and Bell , D. Aldershot : Ashgate .
   Google Scholar
• Chan , W.F. 2005 . A gift of a pagoda, the presence of a prominent citizen and the possibilities of hospitality . Environment and Planning D: Society and Space , 23 ( 1 ) : 11 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherry , G.E. 1994 . Birmingham: A Study in Geography, History & Planning , Chichester : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• City of Birmingham Development Department (1987) Environmental Improvements Birmingham: A Physical Enhancement Strategy in the City Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Dawson , R. 1967 . The Chinese Chameleon: An analysis of European Conceptions of Chinese Civilization , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Derrida , J. 1976 . Of Grammatology , London : John Hopkins Press . trans G. C. Spivak
   Google Scholar
• Donald, J. (1999) Imagining the Modern City (London, Athlone Press).
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , J. 1999 . “ Elite landscapes as cultural (re)productions: the case of Shaughnessy Heights ” . In Cultural Geographies , Edited by: Anderson , K. and Gale , F. London : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Duffy , H. 1995 . Competitive Cities—Succeeding in the Global Economy , London : E & FN Spon .
   Google Scholar
• Express & Star (1987) Developers reveal £20 m plan for city centre site, 5 September.
   Google Scholar
• Gilroy , P. 1993 . The Black Atlantic , London : Verso .
   Google Scholar
• Holloway , S.R. 2000 . Identity, contingency and the urban geography of ‘race’ . Social and Cultural Geography , 1 ( 2 ) : 197 – 208 .
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs , J. 1996 . Edge of Empire: Postcolonialism and the City , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Keith , M. 2005 . After the Cosmopolitan? Multicultural Cities and the Future of Racism , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Knox , T. 1994 . The Great Pagoda at Kew . History Today , 44 ( 7 ) : 22 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Lai , D.C. 1997 . “ The visual character of Chinatowns ” . In Understanding Ordinary Landscapes , Edited by: Groth , P. and Bressi , T.W. London : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lin , J. 1995 . Polarized development and urban change in New York's Chinatown . Urban Affairs Review , 30 ( 3 ) : 332 – 354 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , J. 1998 . Reconstructing Chinatown: Ethnic Enclave, Global Change , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Loftman , P. and Nevin , B. 1996 . “ Prestige urban regeneration projects: socio-economic impacts ” . In Managing a Conurbation , Edited by: Gerrard , A.J. and Slater , T.R. Studley : Brewin Books .
   Google Scholar
• Loo , C.M. 1991 . Chinatown: Most Time, Hard Time , New York : Prager .
   Google Scholar
• Malik , K. 1998 . Race, pluralism and the meaning of difference . New Formations , 33 : 125 – 135 .
   Google Scholar
• McGuinness , M. 1996 . Thinking about Birmingham and the New European reconstruction . Cultural Studies from Birmingham , 4 : 61 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• ODPM . 2005 . Diversity and Equality in Planning , London : HMSO .
   Google Scholar
• Pagani , C. 1998 . “ Chinese material culture and British perceptions of China in the mid-nineteenth century ” . In Colonialism and the Object: Empire, material culture and the museum , Edited by: Barringer , T. and Flynn , T. London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• RTPI/CRE . 1983 . Planning for a Multi-Racial Britain , London : CRE .
   Google Scholar
• Said , E. 1978 . Orientalism , London : Penguin .
   Google Scholar
• Sandercock , L. 1998 . Towards Cosmopolis: Planning for Multicultural Cities , Chichester : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Sandercock , L. 2003 . Cosmopolis II: Mongrel Cities of the 21st Century , London : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Smyth , H. 1994 . Marketing the City: The Role of Flagship Developments in Urban Regeneration , London : E & FN Spon .
   Google Scholar
• Spivak , G.C. 1999 . A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a History of the Vanishing Present , London : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sunday Mercury (1990) Man who's turning Brum into Birmingham., 18 April.
   Google Scholar
• Takaki , R. 1994 . Ethnic Islands: The Emergence of Urban Chinese America , New York : Chelsea House .
   Google Scholar
• Tibbalds, F., Stewart, I., Alcock, C., Chapman, D. & Rangsi, S. (1990) City Centre Design Strategy (Birmingham, Birmingham Urban Design Studies).
   Google Scholar