References

• Abolitionist Leaflet. (1842). Great meeting in Faneuil Hall for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia. A large and overwhelming meeting of the citixens of Boston and vicinity was held in the old Cradle of liberty, on Friday evening Jan. 28, 1842. Library of Congress, Printed Ephemera Collection; Portfolio 57, Folder 28. Retrieved from https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbpe.05702800/
   Google Scholar
• Banner of Ulster. (1845, December 9). Anti-slavery meeting.
   Google Scholar
• Belfast News-Letter. (1845a, December 12). Lecture on slavery.
   Google Scholar
• Belfast News-Letter. (1845b, December 23). Baptists, congregationalists, the free church, and slavery.
   Google Scholar
• Blassingame, J. W. (Ed.). (1979). The Frederick Douglass papers, series one: Speeches, debates, and interviews, volume 1: 1841–1846. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boyce, D. G. (1991). Nationalism in Ireland. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Castronovo, R. (1995). ‘As to nation, i belong to none’: Ambivalence, diaspora, and Frederick Douglass. ATQ: Nineteenth-Century American Literature and Culture, 9, 245–260.
   Google Scholar
• Chaffin, T. (2014). Giant’s causeway: Frederick Douglass’s Irish Odyssey and the making of an American visionary. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cork Examiner. (1845a, October 15). Public meeting.
   Google Scholar
• Cork Examiner. (1845b, October 20). Anti-slavery meeting.
   Google Scholar
• Dickson, D. (2014). Dublin: The making of a capital city. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Douglass, F. (1886). Thoughts and recollections of a tour of Ireland ( Unpublished Library of Congress). Retrieved from https://www.loc.gov/item/mfd000449
   Google Scholar
• Eckel, L. E. (2013). Atlantic citizens. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.10.3366/edinburgh/9780748669370.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Evening Packet. (1845, September 16). Slavery.
   Google Scholar
• Featherstone, D. (2008). Resistance, space and political identities. Walden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.10.1002/9781444305050
   Google Scholar
• Featherstone, D. (2013). ‘We will have equality and liberty in Ireland’: The contested geographies of Irish democratic political cultures in the 1790s. Historical Geography, 41, 120–136.
   Google Scholar
• Featherstone, D. (2012). Solidarity: Hidden histories and geographies of internationalism. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Ferreira, P. (1999). All but ‘A black skin and wooly hair’: Frederick Douglass’s witness of the Irish famine. American Studies International, 37, 69–83.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferreira, P. (2001). Frederick Douglass and the 1846 Dublin edition of his narrative. New Hibernia Review, 5, 53–67.10.1353/nhr.2001.0004
   Google Scholar
• Flemming, N. C., & O’Day, A. (2005). Modern Irish history since 1800. New York, NY: Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Freeman’s Journal. (1845a, September 8). Slavery.
   Google Scholar
• Freeman’s Journal. (1845b, September 10). American slavery.
   Google Scholar
• Fulkerson, G. (1996). Frederick Douglass (1818–1895), abolitionist, reformer. In R. W. Leeman (Ed.), African-American orators: A bio-critical sourcebook (pp. 82–97). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
   Google Scholar
• Games, A. (2006). Atlantic history: Definitions, challenges, and opportunities. The American Historical Review, 111, 741–757.10.1086/ahr.111.3.741
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganter, G. (2003). ‘He made us laugh some’: Frederick Douglass’s humor. African American Review, 37, 535–552.10.2307/1512385
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles, P. (2001). Narrative reversals and power exchanges: Frederick Douglass and British culture. American Literature, 73, 779–810.10.1215/00029831-73-4-779
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilroy, P. (1993). The Black Atlantic: Modernity and double consciousness. London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, R. (1993). Richard Davis Webb: Dublin Quaker printer. Cork: Red Barn.
   Google Scholar
• Horden, P., & Purcell, N. (2006). The Mediterranean and ‘the new thalassology’. The American Historical Review, 111, 722–740.10.1086/ahr.111.3.722
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearns, G. (2013). Introduction to special issue: Historical geographies of Ireland: Colonial contexts and postcolonial legacies. Historical Geography, 41, 22–34.
   Google Scholar
• Keck, M. E., & Sikkink, K. (1998). Activists beyond borders: Advocacy networks in international politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Liberator. (1845a, October 10). Letters from Frederick Douglass, No. II.
   Google Scholar
• Liberator. (1845b, October 24). Letters from Frederick Douglass, No. III.
   Google Scholar
• Liberator. (1845c, November 28). Frederick Douglass.
   Google Scholar
• Liberator. (1845d, December 12). Spirit of old Ireland.
   Google Scholar
• Liberator. (1846a, January 30). Letters from Frederick Douglass, No. V.
   Google Scholar
• Liberator. (1846b, March 27). Letters from Frederick Douglass.
   Google Scholar
• Limerick Reporter. (1845a, November 11). Slavery and America’s Bastard Republicanism: An address delivered in Limerick, Ireland, on 10 November 1845.
   Google Scholar
• Limerick Reporter. (1845b, November 25). Anti-slavery Soiree. Mr. Douglass. The American slave.
   Google Scholar
• Mann, C. E. (Ed.). (1896). Story of the Hutchinsons (Tribe of Jesse) by John Wallace Hutchinson, with an introduction by Frederick Douglass, (Vol. 1). Boston, MA: Lee & Shepard.
   Google Scholar
• McAleese, President M. (2011). Forward by president of Ireland, Mary McAleese. In D. Mullan (Ed.), Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave. With Irish letters and speeches and his lecture on Haiti (pp. 1–3). Dublin: A little book company.
   Google Scholar
• McFeely, W. S. (1991). Frederick Douglass. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
   Google Scholar
• McKivigan, J. R. (Ed.). (2009). The Frederick Douglass papers, series three: Correspondence, volume 1: 1842–1852. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Meyers, P. C. (2008). Frederick Douglass: Race and rebirth of American liberalism. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, K. A. (1985). Emigrants and exiles: Ireland and the Irish exodus to North America. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Obama, President B. H. (2011, March 17). Remarks by President Obama, Vice President Biden, and Prime Minister Enda Kenny of Ireland at a St. Patrick's Day Reception. Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/03/17/remarks-president-obama-vice-president-biden-and-prime-minister-enda-ken
   Google Scholar
• Ogborn, M. (2002). Writing travels: Power, knowledge and ritual on the English East India Company’s early voyages. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 27, 155–171.10.1111/1475-5661.00047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogborn, M. (2005). Editorial: Atlantic geographies. Social and Cultural Geography, 6, 379–385.10.1080/14649360500111261
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogborn, M. (2007). Indian ink. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226620428.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Ogborn, M. (2008). Global lives: Britain and the world 1550–1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ogborn, M. (2010). The power of speech: Orality, oaths and evidence in the British Atlantic World, 1650–1800. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 36, 109–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogborn, M. (2011). A war of words: Speech, script and print in the Maroon War of 1795–6. Journal of Historical Geography, 37, 203–215.10.1016/j.jhg.2010.11.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogborn, M., & Withers, C. W. J. (2010). Introduction: Book geography, book history. In M. Ogborn & C. W. J. Withers (Eds.), Geographies of the book (pp. 1–25). Farnham: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• O’Neill, P. (2006). Frederick Douglass and the Irish. Foilsiú, 5, 57–81.
   Google Scholar
• Pettinger, A. (2004). At sea – Coloured passenger. In B. Klein & G. Mackenthun (Eds.), Sea changes: Historicizing the ocean (pp. 149–166). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ripley, C. P. (Ed.). (1985). The Black abolitionist papers. Volume 1: The British Isles, 1830–1865. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rodgers, N. (1997). Equiano in Belfast: A study of the anti-slavery ethos in a Northern Town. Slavery & Abolition, 18, 73–89.10.1080/01440399708575211
   Google Scholar
• Rodgers, N. (2000). Ireland and the Black Atlantic in the eighteenth century. Irish Historical Studies, 32, 174–192.10.1017/S0021121400014838
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodgers, N. (2003). Belfast and the Black Atlantic. In N. Allen & A. Kelly (Eds.), The cities of Belfast (pp. 27–41). Dublin: Four Courts Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rodgers, N. (2007). Ireland, slavery and anti-slavery: 1612–1865. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• Rolston, B. (2003). Frederick Douglass: A black abolitionist in Ireland. History Today, 53, 45–51.
   Google Scholar
• Rolston, B. (2004). ‘Ireland of the welcomes’? Racism and anti-racism in nineteenth-century Ireland. Patterns of Prejudice, 38, 355–370.10.1080/0031322042000298437
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolston, B. (2009). ‘The brothers on the walls’: International solidarity and Irish political murals. Journal of Black Studies, 39, 446–470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sim, D. (2013). A union forever: The Irish question and U.S. Foreign relations in the Victorian age. Cornell: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Southern Reporter. (1845, November 6). Anti-slavery meeting.
   Google Scholar
• Sweeney, F. (2001). ‘The republic of letters’: Frederick Douglass, Ireland, and the Irish narratives. Eire-Ireland, 36, 47–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweeney, F. (2007). Frederick Douglass and the Atlantic World. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Townend, P. (2002). Father Mathew, temperance and Irish identity. Portland, OR: Irish Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vink, M. (2007). Indian Ocean studies and the ‘new thalassology’. Journal of Global History, 2, 41–62.10.1017/S1740022807002033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walter, K. (2000). Trappings of nationalism in Frederick Douglass's the heroic slave. African American Review, 34, 233–247.10.2307/2901251
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wigen, K. (2006). Introduction. The American Historical Review, 111, 717–721.10.1086/ahr.111.3.717
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar