References

• Ahmed, S., Castaneda, C., Fortier, A. M., & Sheller, M. (2003). Uprootings/regroundings: Questions of home and migration. New York, NY: Berg.
   Google Scholar
• Appadurai, A. (2004). The capacity to aspire: Culture and the terms of recognition. In V. Rao & M. Walton (Eds.), Culture and public action (pp. 59–84). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Asian Development Bank. (2012). Global crisis, remittances, and poverty in Asia. Mandaluyong City: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Asis, M. M. B. (2005). Caring for the world: Filipino domestic workers gone global. In B. Yeoh, S. Huang, & N. A. Rahman (Eds.), Asian women as transnational domestic workers (pp. 21–53). Singapore: Marshall Cavendish.
   Google Scholar
• Badan Nasional Penempatan dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia. (2014). Data Penempatan dan Kepulangan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Periode 1 Januari S.d 30 November 2014 [Data on the Placement and Return of Indonesia Labour Migrants from 1 January to 30 November 2014]. Retrieved from http://www.bnp2tki.go.id/uploads/data/data_10-12-2014_105633_Laporan_Pengolahan_Data_BNP2TKI_S.D_NOVEMBER_2014.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Barber, P. G. (2000). Agency in Philippine women's labour migration and provisional diaspora. Women’s Studies International Forum, 23, 399–411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basa, C., Harcourt, W., & Zarro, A. (2011). Remittance and transnational families in Italy and the Philippines: Breaking the global care chain. Gender and Development, 19, 11–22.
   Google Scholar
• Blackburn, S. (2004). Women and the state in modern Indonesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511492198
   Google Scholar
• Brenner, S. A. (1998). The domestication of desire: Women, wealth and modernity in Java. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boyarin, J. (1994). Space, time, and the politics of memory. In J. Boyarin (Ed.), Remapping memory: The politics of time–space (pp. 1–37). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Charsley, K. (2007). Risk, trust, gender and transnational cousin marriage among British Pakistanis. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30, 1117–1131.10.1080/01419870701599549
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, F. L. (2009). Transnationalism unbound: Detailing new subjects, registers and spatialities of cross-border lives. Geography Compass, 3, 434–458.10.1111/geco.2009.3.issue-1
   Google Scholar
• Constable, N. (2005). Cross-border marriages: Gender and mobility in transnational Asia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cwerner, S. B. (2001). The times of migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27, 7–36.10.1080/13691830125283
   Google Scholar
• de Haas, H. (2010). Migration and development: A theoretical perspective. International Migration Review, 44, 227–264.10.1111/j.1747-7379.2009.00804.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahya, B. (1973). Pakistanis in Britain: Transients or settlers? Race & Class, 14, 241–277.10.1177/030639687301400302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devasahayam, T. W. (2010). Placement and/or protection? Singapore’s labour policies and practices for temporary women migrant workers. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 15, 45–58.10.1080/13547860903488229
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, M. (1992). Risk and blame: Essays in cultural theory. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203430866
   Google Scholar
• Douglass, M. (2007). The globalization of householding and the social reproduction in Pacific Asia. Philippine Studies, 55, 157–182.
   Google Scholar
• Elmhirst, R. (2002). Negotiating land and livelihood: Agency and identities in Indonesia’s transmigration programme. In B. S. A. Yeoh, P. Teo & S. Huang (Eds.), Gender politics in the Asia-Pacific region (pp. 79–98). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Episcopal Commission for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People/Apostleship of the Sea-Manila (ECMI/AOS-Manila), Scalabrini Migration Center (SMC), & Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA). (2004). Hearts apart: Migration in the eyes of Filipino children. Quezon City: Scalabrini Migration Center.
   Google Scholar
• Fan, C. C., & Huang, Y. (1998). Waves of rural brides: Female marriage migration in China. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 88, 227–251.10.1111/1467-8306.00092
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, S. (2012). Marital immigration and graduated citizenship: Post-naturalisation restrictions on Mainland Chinese spouses in Taiwan. Pacific Affairs, 83, 73–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamburd, M. (2000). Transnationalism and Sri Lanka’s Migrant Housemaids: The Kitchen Spoon’s Handle. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, K., Law, L., & McKay, D. (2001). Beyond heroes and victims: Filipina contract migrants, economic activism and class transformations. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 3, 365–386.10.1080/14616740110078185
   Google Scholar
• Hay, M. C. (2005). Women standing between life and death: Fate, agency and the healers of Lombok. In L. Parker (Ed.), The agency of women in Asia (pp. 27–61). Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Academic.
   Google Scholar
• Hoang, L. A., & Yeoh, B. S. A. (2011). Breadwinning wives and ‘left-behind’ husbands: Men and masculinities in the Vietnamese transnational family. Gender and Society, 25, 717–739.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochschild, A. R. (1995). The culture of politics: Traditional, postmodern, cold-modern, and warm-modern ideals of care. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State, and Society, 2, 331–346.10.1093/sp/2.3.331
   Google Scholar
• Hochschild, A. R. (2003). The comercialization of intimate life: Notes from home and work. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hugo, G. (2005). Indonesian international domestic workers: Contemporary developments and issues. In S. Huang, B. S. A. Yeoh, & N. A. Rahman (Eds.), Asian women as transnational domestic workers (pp. 54–91). Singapore: Marshall Cavendish.
   Google Scholar
• Human Rights Watch. (2005). Maid to order. United States of America: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Kabeer, N. (2000). The power to choose: Bangladeshi women and labor market decisions in London and Dhaka. London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Kaur, A. (2007). International labour migration in Southeast Asia: Governance of migration and women domestic workers. Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context, 15. Retrieved from http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue15/kaur.htm
   Google Scholar
• Lam, T., Yeoh, B. S. A., & Hoang, L. A. (2013). Transnational migration and changing care arrangements for left-behind children in Southeast Asia: A selective literature review in relation to the CHAMPSEA study ( Asia Research Institute Working Paper Series No. 207). Singapore: Asia Research Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Low, F. (2011, June 22). Rest day for maids: MOM reviewing call. The Straits Times. Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/
   Google Scholar
• Lindquist, J. (2004). Veils and ecstasy: Negotiating shame in the Indonesian borderlands. Ethnos, 69, 487–508.10.1080/0014184042000302317
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindquist, J. (2009). The anxieties of mobility: Migration and tourism in the Indonesian borderlands. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lindquist, J. (2010). Labour recruitment, circuits of capital and gendered mobility: Reconceptualizing the Indonesian migration industry. Pacific Affairs, 83, 115–132.10.5509/2010831115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupton, D. (1999). Risk. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Macabuag, L., & Dimaandal, J. M. (2006). Working together for migrants’ empowerment. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 15, 415–424.10.1177/011719680601500308
   Google Scholar
• Massey, D. (2005). For space. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Manpower. (2009). Obligations of employers of foreign workers tweaked. Retrieved from http://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/Pages/PressReleasesDetail.aspx?listid=26
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Manpower. (2012a). Settling-in programme for first-time foreign domestic workers to be implemented from 1 May 2012. Retrieved from http://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/Pages/PressReleasesDetail.aspx?listid=418
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Manpower. (2012b). Weekly rest day for foreign domestic workers: Flexibility to compensate worker with pay. Retrieved from http://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/Pages/PressReleasesDetail.aspx?listid=411
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Manpower. (2015). Foreign workforce numbers. Retrieved from http://www.mom.gov.sg/statisticspublications/others/statistics/Pages/ForeignWorkforceNumbers.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Momsen, J. H. (1999). Maids on the move: Victim or victor. In J. H. Momsen (Ed.), Gender, migration, and domestic service (pp. 229–241). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Oakes, T., & Schein, L. (2006). Translocal China: An introduction. In T. Oakes & L. Schein (Eds.), Translocal China: Linkages, identities, and the reimagining of space (pp. 1–35). Oxon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Parreñas, R. S. (2005). Long distance intimacy: Class, gender and intergenerational relations between mothers and children in Filipino transnational families. Global Networks-a Journal of Transnational Affairs, 5, 317–336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pingol, A. (2001). Remaking masculinities: Identity, power, and gender dynamics in families with migrant wives and househusbands. Philippines: University Center for Women’s Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Piper, N., & Yamanaka, K. (2007). Feminised migration in East and Southeast Asia and the securing of livelihoods. In N. Piper (Ed.), New perspectives on gender and migration – Rights, entitlements and livelihoods (pp. 161–190). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Platt, M., Yeoh, B. S. A., Baey, G., Khoo, C. Y., Lam, T., Das, D., & Ee, M. (2013). Financing migration, generating remittances and the building of livelihood strategies: A case study of Indonesian migrant women as domestic workers in Singapore (Migrating out of Poverty Research Programme Consortium Working Paper 10). Retrieved from http://migratingoutofpoverty.dfid.gov.uk/files/file.php?name=wp10-platt-et-al-final.pdf&site=354
   Google Scholar
• Reisman, D. (2009). Home and family. In D. Reisman (Ed.), Social policy in an ageing society: Age and health in Singapore (pp. 162–187). Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.10.4337/9781848447455
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, K. (2009). Gender, Islam and democracy in Indonesia. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenzweig, M. R., & Stark, O. (1989). Consumption smoothing, migration, and marriage: Evidence from rural India. Journal of Political Economy, 97, 905–926.10.1086/261633
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudnyckyj, D. (2004). Technologies of servitude: Governmentality and Indonesian transnational labor migration. Anthropological Quarterly, 77, 407–434.10.1353/anq.2004.0045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samers, M. (2009). Migration. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Silvey, R. (2007). Mobilizing piety: Gendered morality and Indonesian–Saudi transnational migration. Mobilities, 2, 219–229.10.1080/17450100701381565
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M. P. (2001). Transnational urbanism: Locating globalization. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M. P. (2005). Transnational urbanism revisited. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31, 235–244.10.1080/1369183042000339909
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, M. P. (2011). Translocality: A critical reflection. In K. Brickell & A. Datta (Eds.), Translocal geographies: Spaces, places, connections (pp. 181–198). Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki, N. (2002). Gendered surveillance and sexual violence in Filipino pre-migration experiences to Japan. In B. S. A. Yeoh, P. Teo, & S. Huang (Eds.), Gender politics in the Asia-Pacific region (pp. 99–119). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Tan, A. (2013, February 6). Stop hiring Indonesian maids directly. The Straits Times. Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/
   Google Scholar
• Vertovec, S. (2001). Transnationalism and identity. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27, 573–582.10.1080/13691830120090386
   Google Scholar
• Williams, A. M., & Baláž, V. (2012). Migration, risk, and uncertainty: Theoretical perspectives. Population, Space and Place, 18, 167–180.10.1002/psp.663
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winarti, A. (2011, April 1). Nurifah Rasidi: Speaking up for domestic workers abroad. The Jakarta Post. Retrieved from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/04/01/nurifah-rasidi-speaking-domestic-workers-abroad.html
   Google Scholar
• Wolf, D. L. (1992). Factory daughters: Gender, household dynamics, and rural industrialization in Java. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yeoh, B. S. A. (2005). Observations on transnational urbanism: Possibilities, politics and costs of simultaneity. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31, 409–413.10.1080/1369183042000339006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeoh, B. S. A., & Huang, S. (2009). Foreign domestic workers and home-based care for elders in Singapore. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 22, 69–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeoh, B. S. A., & Huang, S. (2014). Singapore’s changing demography, the eldercare predicament and transnational ‘care’ migration. TRaNS: Trans – Regional and – National Studies of Southeast Asia, 2, 247–269. doi:10.1017/trn.2014.6
   Google Scholar
• Yeoh, B. S. A., & Soco, M. A. (2014). The cosmopolis and the migrant domestic worker. Cultural Geographies, 21, 171–187.10.1177/1474474014520899
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaloom, C. (2004). The productive life of risk. Cultural Anthropology, 19, 365–391.10.1525/can.2004.19.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar