1,635
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Imaginative geographies of distant suffering: two cases of the Syrian Civil War on television

Géographies imaginaires de la souffrance éloignée: deux cas de la guerre civile syrienne à la télévision

Geografías imaginativas del sufrimiento a distancia: dos casos de la guerra civil siria en la televisión

Pages 764-788 | Received 26 Jun 2016, Accepted 05 Mar 2017, Published online: 01 Apr 2017

References

  • Adams, P. (2009). Geographies of media and communication. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Agamben, G. (1998). Homo sacer: Sovereign power and bare life. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Alhaddad, F. (2012). Revisiting orientalist discourse since the start of the ‘Arab Spring’: A conceptual overview of development initiatives in the Middle East and North Africa. The Arab World Geographer, 15, 180–187.
  • Barnett, C. (2005). Ways of relating: Hospitality and the acknowledgement of otherness. Progress in Human Geography, 29, 5–21.10.1191/0309132505ph535oa
  • Beck, U. (2002). The terrorist threat. World risk society revisited. Theory, Culture & Society, 19, 39–55.10.1177/0263276402019004003
  • Bhabha, H. K. (2004). The location of culture. London: Routledge.
  • Bialasiewicz, L., Campbell, D., Elden, S., Graham, S., Jeffrey, A., & Williams, A. J. (2007). Performing security: The imaginative geographies of current US strategy. Political Geography, 26, 405–422.10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.12.002
  • Boltanski, L. (1999). Distant suffering: Morality, media and politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511489402
  • Butler, J. (2004). Precarious life. London: Verso.
  • Butler, J. (2009). Frames of war. London: Verso.
  • Campbell, D. (2004). Horrific blindness: Images of death in contemporary media. Journal for Cultural Research, 8, 55–74.10.1080/1479758042000196971
  • Campbell, D. (2007). Geopolitics and visuality: Sighting the Darfur conflict. Political Geography, 26, 357–382.10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.11.005
  • Campbell, D., & Power, M. (2010). The scopic regime of ‘Africa‘. In F. MacDonald, R. Hughes, & K. Dodds (Eds.), Observant states: Geopolitics and visual culture (pp. 167–195). London: I.B. Tauris.
  • Chatty, D. (2010). Displacement and dispossession in the modern Middle East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511844812
  • Chouliaraki, L. (2006). The spectatorship of suffering. London: Sage.
  • Chouliaraki, L. (2007). Spectacular ethics. In L. Chouliaraki (Ed.), The soft power of war (pp. 129–144). Amsterdam: Benjamins.10.1075/bct
  • Chouliaraki, L. (2008a). The media as moral education: Mediation and action. Media, Culture and Society, 30, 831–852.10.1177/0163443708096096
  • Chouliaraki, L. (2008b). Mediation, text and action. In V. Bhatia, J. Flowerdew, & R. Jones (Eds.), Advances in discourse studies (pp. 211–227). London: Routledge.
  • Chouliaraki, L. (2008c). The mediation of suffering and the vision of a cosmopolitan public. Television & New Media, 9, 371–391.10.1177/1527476408315496
  • Chouliaraki, L. (2008d). The symbolic power of transnational media: Managing the visibility of suffering. Global Media and Communication, 4, 329–351.10.1177/1742766508096084
  • Chouliaraki, L. (2009). Witnessing War: economies of regulation in reporting war and conflict. The Communication Review, 12, 215–226.10.1080/10714420903124077
  • Chouliaraki, L. (2010). Global representations of distant suffering. In N. Coupland (Ed.), The handbook of language and globalization (pp. 608–624). Malden, MA: Blackwell.10.1002/9781444324068.ch28
  • Chouliaraki, L. (2011). ‘Improper distance‘: Towards a critical account of solidarity as irony. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 14, 363–381.10.1177/1367877911403247
  • Chouliaraki, L. (2013a). Mediating vulnerability: Cosmopolitanism and the public sphere. Media, Culture and Society, 35, 105–112.10.1177/0163443712464564
  • Chouliaraki, L. (2013b). The ironic spectator: Solidarity in the age of post-humanitarianism. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Chouliaraki, L. (2015). Afterword: The dialectics of mediation in ‘distant suffering studies’. International Communication Gazette, 77, 708–714.10.1177/1748048515601562
  • Christensen, M., & Christensen, C. (2013). The Arab Spring as meta-event and communicative spaces. Television & New Media, 14, 351–364.10.1177/1527476413482989
  • Cohen, S. (2001). States of denial: Knowing about atrocities and suffering. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Cottle, S. (2014). Rethinking media and disasters in a global age: What’s changed and why it matters. Media, War & Conflict, 7, 3–22.10.1177/1750635213513229
  • Couldry, N. (2012). Media, society, world. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Dalby, S. (2008). Warrior geopolitics: Gladiator, Black Hawk Down and The Kingdom of Heaven. Political Geography, 27, 439–455.10.1016/j.polgeo.2008.03.004
  • Dittmer, J. (2010). Popular culture, geopolitics and identity. Plymouth: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Dittmer, J., & Dodds, K. (2008). Popular geopolitics past and future: Fandom, identities and audiences. Geopolitics, 13, 437–457.10.1080/14650040802203687
  • Dodds, K. (2003). Licensed to stereotype: Geopolitics, James Bond and the Spectre of Balkanism. Geopolitics, 8, 125–156.10.1080/714001037
  • Dodds, K. (2005). Global geopolitics: A critical introduction. Harlow: Pearson Education.
  • Dodds, K., & Ingram, A. (2009). Spaces of security and insecurity. In K. Dodds & A. Ingram (Eds.), Spaces of security and insecurity (pp. 1–18). Farnham: Ashgate.
  • Fábos, A. (2015). Refugees in the Arab Middle East: Academic and policy perspectives. Digest of Middle East Studies, 24, 96–110.10.1111/dome.12056
  • Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. London: Longman.
  • Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing discourse: Textual analysis for social research. London: Routledge.
  • Feldman, I. (2012). The humanitarian condition: Palestinian refugees and the politics of living. Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development, 3, 155–172.10.1353/hum.2012.0017
  • Feldman, I. (2015). What is a camp? Legitimate refugee lives in spaces of long-term displacement. Geoforum, 66, 244–252.10.1016/j.geoforum.2014.11.014
  • Gabiam, N. (2016). Humanitarianism, development, and security in the 21st century: Lessons from the Syrian refugee crisis. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 48, 382–386.10.1017/S0020743816000131
  • Gregory, D. (1994). Geographical imaginations. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
  • Gregory, D. (1995). Imaginative geographies. Progress in Human Geography, 19, 447–485.10.1177/030913259501900402
  • Gregory, D. (1999). Scripting Egypt: Orientalism and the cultures of travel. In J. Duncan & D. Gregory (Eds.), Writes of passage: Reading travel writing (pp. 114–150). London: Routledge.
  • Gregory, D. (2000). Culture of travel and spatial formations of knowledge. Erdkunde, 54, 297–319.10.3112/erdkunde
  • Gregory, D. (2003). Emperors of the gaze: Photographic practices and production of space in Egypt, 1839–1914. In J. Schwartz & J. Ryan (Eds.), Picturing place (pp. 195–225). London: I.B. Tauris.
  • Gregory, D. (2004a). The colonial present. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
  • Gregory, D. (2004b). The lightning of possible storms. Antipode, 36, 798–808.10.1111/anti.2004.36.issue-5
  • Gregory, D. (2010). War and peace. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 35, 154–186.10.1111/tran.2010.35.issue-2
  • Gregory, D. (2012). Dis/ordering the orient: Scopic regimes and modern war. In T. Barkawi & K. Stanski (Eds.), Orientalism and war (pp. 151–175). London: Hurst & Company.
  • Gupta, A., & Ferguson, J. (1992). Beyond “Culture”: Space, identity, and the politics of difference. Cultural Anthropology, 7, 6–23.10.1525/can.1992.7.1.02a00020
  • Hamdan, A. N. (2016). Breaker of barriers? Notes on the geopolitics of the Islamic State in Iraq and Sham. Geopolitics, 21, 605–627.10.1080/14650045.2016.1138940
  • Harvey, D. (1996). Justice, nature and the geography of difference. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
  • Harvey, D. (2009). Cosmopolitanism and the geographies of freedom. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
  • Hughes, R. (2016). Geopolitics and visual culture. In M. Kuus, K. Dodds, & J. Sharp (Eds.), The Ashgate research companion to critical geopolitics (pp. 69–88). Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Joye, S. (2009). The hierarchy of global suffering. Journal of International Communication, 15, 45–61.10.1080/13216597.2009.9674750
  • Joye, S. (2013). Research on mediated suffering within social sciences: Expert views on identifying a disciplinary home and research agenda. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 38, 106–121.10.1179/0308018813Z.00000000039
  • Joye, S. (2015). Domesticating distant suffering: How can news media discursively invite the audience to care? International Communication Gazette, 77, 682–694.10.1177/1748048515601560
  • Jones, S. H., & Clarke, D. B. (2006). Waging terror: The geopolitics of the real. Political Geography, 25, 298–314.10.1016/j.polgeo.2005.12.009
  • Kyriakidou, M. (2014). Distant suffering in audience memory: The moral hierarchy of remembering. International Journal of Communication, 8, 1474–1494.
  • MacDonald, F., Hughes, R., & Dodds, K. (2010). Envisioning geopolitics. In F. MacDonald, R. Hughes, & K. Dodds (Eds.), Observant states: Geopolitics and visual culture (pp. 1–19). London: I.B. Tauris.
  • Malkki, L. (1992). National geographic: The rooting of peoples and the territorialization of national identity among scholars and refugees. Cultural Anthropology, 7, 24–44.10.1525/can.1992.7.1.02a00030
  • Massey, D. (2005). For space. London: Sage.
  • Mavroudi, E. (2008). Thoughts on anti-civilisational thinking: Edward Said’s ‘The Uses of Culture’. Geopolitics, 13, 753–756.10.1080/14650040802275693
  • Moeller, S. (1999). Compassion fatigue. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Morley, D. (1999). Finding out about the world from television news: Some difficulties. In J. Gripsrud (Ed.), Television and common knowledge (pp. 136–158). London: Routledge.
  • Morley, D. (2000). Home territories: Media, mobility and identity. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203444177
  • Morley, D. (2007). Media, modernity and technology: The geography of the new. Abingdon: Routledge.10.4324/9780203413050
  • Morley, D., & Robins, K. (1995). Spaces of identity. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203422977
  • Ong, J. C. (2015). The poverty of television. London: Anthem Press.
  • Orgad, S. (2012). Media representation and the global imagination. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Ó Tuathail, G. (1996). Critical geopolitics. London: Routledge.
  • Pruce, J. (2012). The spectacle of suffering and humanitarian intervention in Somalia. In T. A. Borer (Ed.), Media, mobilization and human rights (pp. 216–239). London: Zed Books.
  • Robins, K. (1996). Into the image: Culture and politics in the field of vision. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203440223
  • Said, E. W. (1979). Orientalism. New York, NY: Vintage.
  • Said, E. W. (1994). Culture and imperialism. New York, NY: Vintage.
  • Said, E. W. (1997). Covering Islam. London: Vintage.
  • Schlumberger, O. (2007). Debating Arab authoritarianism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Scott, M. (2014). The mediation of distant suffering: An empirical contribution beyond television news texts. Media, Culture and Society, 36, 3–19.10.1177/0163443713507811
  • Sharp, J. (2009). Geographies of postcolonialism. London: Sage.
  • Silk, J. (1998). Caring at a distance. Ethics, Place and Environment, 1, 165–182.10.1080/1366879X.1998.11644226
  • Silk, J. (2004). Caring at a distance: Gift theory, aid chains and social movements. Social & Cultural Geography, 5, 229–251.10.1080/14649360410001690231
  • Silverstone, R. (2007). Media and morality. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Smith, D. M. (1998). How far should we care? On the spatial scope of beneficence. Progress in Human Geography, 22, 15–38.
  • Smith, D. M. (2000). Moral geographies: Ethics in a world of difference. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Soja, E. W. (1989). Postmodern geographies: The reassertion of space in critical social theory. London: Verso.
  • Soja, E. W. (1996). Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and other real-and-imagined places. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
  • Soja, E. W. (2010). Seeking spatial justice. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.10.5749/minnesota/9780816666676.001.0001
  • Sontag, S. (2004). Regarding the pain of others. New York, NY: Picador.
  • Springer, S. (2009). Culture of violence or violent Orientalism? Neoliberalisation and imagining the ‘savage other’ in post-transitional Cambodia. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 34, 305–319.10.1111/tran.2009.34.issue-3
  • Springer, S. (2011). Violence sits in places? Cultural practice, neoliberal rationalism, and virulent imaginative geographies. Political Geography, 30, 90–98.10.1016/j.polgeo.2011.01.004
  • Tester, K. (2001). Compassion, morality and the media. Buckingham: Open University Press.
  • Todorov, T. (2010). The fear of barbarians. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226805788.001.0001
  • Todorova, M. (1997). Imagining the Balkans. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Van Dijk, T. A. (1997). The study of discourse. In T. A. Van Dijk (Ed.), Discourse as structure and process (pp. 1–34). London: Sage.
  • Van Dijk, T. A. (2008). Discourse and power. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1007/978-1-137-07299-3
  • Zaiotti, R. (2006). Dealing with non-Palestinian refugees in the Middle East: Policies and practices in an uncertain environment. International Journal of Refugee Law, 18, 333–353.10.1093/ijrl/eel006

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.