Raids and Routes: The Intractable Fluidity of Conflict in the Postcolony

References

• Abraham, I., and W. van Schendel. 2005. Illicit flows and criminal things. States, borders, and the other side of globalization. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Achebe, C. 1977. An image of Africa: Racism in conrad’s ‘heart of darkness’. The Massachusetts Review 18:251–61.
   Google Scholar
• Agbiboa, D. 2021. Mobility, Mobilization, and counter/insurgency. The routes of terror in an African context. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Agnew, J. 1994. The territorial trap: The geographical assumptions of international relations theory. Review of International Political Economy 1 (1):53–80. doi:10.1080/09692299408434268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Autesserre, S. 2012. Dangerous tales: Dominant narratives on the Congo and their unintended consequences. African Affairs 111 (443):1–21. doi:10.1093/afraf/adr080.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates, R. H. 2008. When things fell apart: State failure in late-century Africa. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bhabha, H. 1994. The location of culture. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Chabal, P., and J.P. Daloz. 1999. Africa works: Disorder as political instrument. London: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Collier, P., and A. Hoeffler. 2002. Greed and grievance in Civil War. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2355. World Bank, Washington.
   Google Scholar
• Cramer, C. 2002. Homo economicus goes to war: Methodological individualism, rational choice and the political economy of war. World Development 30 (11):1845–64. doi:10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00120-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramer, C. 2006. Civil war is not a stupid thing: Accounting for violence in developing Countries. London: Hurst.
   Google Scholar
• Das, V., and D. Poole. 2004. Anthropology in the margins of the state. Santa Fé: SAR Press.
   Google Scholar
• Debos, M. 2016. Living by the gun in Chad: Combatants, impunity and state formation. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Doty, R. L. 1996. Imperial encounters: The politics of representation in North-South relations. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dunn, K. 2003. Imaging the Congo: The International relations of identity. New York: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Fairhead, J. 1992. Paths of authority: Roads, the state and the market in Eastern Zaire. European Journal of Development Research 4 (2):17–35. doi:10.1080/09578819208426569.
   Google Scholar
• Ferguson, J. 1990. The antipolitics machine: Development, depoliticization and bureaucratic power in Lesotho. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ferguson, J., and A. Gupta. 2002. Spatializing states: Toward an ethnography of neoliberal governmentality. American Ethnologist 29 (4):981–1002. doi:10.1525/ae.2002.29.4.981.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagmann, T., and D. Péclard, eds. 2011. Negotiating statehood. Dynamics of power and domination in Africa. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, T. B., and F. Stepputat. 2005. Sovereign bodies: Citizens, migrants, and states in the postcolonial world. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Haraway, D. 1988. Situated knowledges: The science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective. Feminist Studies 14 (3):575–99. doi:10.2307/3178066.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, D. 2011. The war machines. Young men and violence in Sierra Leone and Liberia. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, K., and J. Verweijen. 2019. Rebel rule: A governmentality perspective. African Affairs 118 (471):352–74. doi:10.1093/afraf/ady039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Go, J. 2020. Race, Empire, and epistemic exclusion: Or the structures of sociological thought. Sociological Theory 38 (2):79–100. doi:10.1177/0735275120926213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaldor, M. 2006. New wars and old wars: Organized violence in a global era. New York: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Keen, D. 1998. The economic functions of violence in civil wars. Adelphi Papers 38 (320):1–88. doi:10.1080/05679329808449518.
   Google Scholar
• Korf, B. 2006. Cargo cult science, armchair empiricism and the idea of violent conflict. Third World Quarterly 27 (3):459–76. doi:10.1080/01436590600588018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lombard, L. 2020. Hunting game: Raiding politics in the Central African Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lund, C. 2006. Twilight institutions: An introduction. Development & Change 37 (4):673–84. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7660.2006.00496.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mampilly, Z. C. 2011. Rebel rulers: Insurgent governance and civilian life during war. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Massey, D. 2000. Politics and time/space. Marxist Left Review 196:65–84.
   Google Scholar
• Mbembe, A. 2001. On the postcolony. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mbembe, A., and J. Roitman. 1995. Figures of the subject in times of crisis. Public Culture 7 (2):323–52. doi:10.1215/08992363-7-2-323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migdal, J. 1988. Strong societies and weak states: State relations and state capabilities in the Third World. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, T. 1991. The limits of the state: Beyond statist approaches and their critics. The American Political Science Review 85 (1):77–96. doi:10.2307/1962879.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, S. F. 1973. Law and social change: The semi-autonomous social field as an appropriate subject of study. Law & Society Review 7 (4):719–46. doi:10.2307/3052967.
   Google Scholar
• Nathan, L. 2005. ‘The frightful inadequacy of most of the statistics’: A critique of collier and hoeffler on causes of civil war. Track Two 12 (5):5–36.
   Google Scholar
• Pottier, J. 2006. Roadblock ethnography: Negotiating humanitarian access in Ituri, Eastern DR Congo, 1999-2004. Africa 76 (2):151–79. doi:10.3366/afr.2006.76.2.151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raeymaekers, T. 2014. Violent capitalism and hybrid identity in the Eastern Congo: Power to the margins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Raeymaekers, T., K. Menkhaus, and K. Vlassenroot. 2008. State and non-state regulation in African protracted crises: Governance without government? Afrika Focus 21 (2):7–21. doi:10.1163/2031356X-02102003.
   Google Scholar
• Richards, P. 2005. No peace, no war: An anthropology of contemporary armed conflicts. London: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Roitman, J. 2005. Fiscal disobedience: An anthropology of economic regulation in Central Africa. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rotberg, R. 2004. When states fail. Causes and consequences. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Said, E. 1979. Orientalism. London: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Schouten, P. 2022. Roadblock politics. The origins of violence in central Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, J. 1987. Weapons of the weak. Everyday forms of peasant resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, J. 2009. The art of not being governed: An anarchist history of upland Southeast Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Taussig, M. 1997. The magic of the State. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Thiong, D. A. 2021. The politics of fear in South Sudan. Generating chaos, creating conflict. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Tilly, C., and Skocpol T. 1985. War making and state making as organized crime. In Bringing the state back in, ed. R. Evans, 169–91. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tsing, A. L. 2005. Friction: An ethnography of global connection. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vigh, H. 2009. Motion squared: A second look at the concept of social navigation. Anthropological Theory 9 (4):419–38. doi:10.1177/1463499609356044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlassenroot, K., and T. Raeymaekers. 2004. Conflict and social transformation in Eastern Congo. Gent: Academia Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vogel, C. 2022. Conflict minerals inc.: War, profit and white saviourism in Eastern Congo. London: Hurst.
   Google Scholar