BM cells giving rise to MSC in culture have a heterogeneous CD34 and CD45 phenotype

References

• Fridenshtein A. Stromal bone marrow cells and the hematopoietic microenvironment. Arkh Patol 1982; 44: 3–11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pittenger M, Mackay A, Beck S, et al. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science 1999; 284: 143–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes M, Lund T, Lenvik T, et al. Purification and ex vivo expansion of postnatal human marrow mesodermal progenitor cells. Blood 2001; 98: 2615–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes M, Dudek A, Jahagirdar B, et al. Origin of endothelial progenitors in human postnatal bone marrow. J Clin Invest 2002; 109: 337–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prockop D. Marrow stromal cells as stem cells for nonhematopoietic tissues. Science 1997; 276: 71–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus H, Haynesworth S, Gerson S, et al. Ex vivo expansion and subsequent infusion of human bone marrow-derived stromal progenitor cells (mesenchymal progenitor cells): implications for therapeutic use. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995; 16: 557–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodbury D, Schwarz E, Prockop D, Black I. Adult rat and human bone marrow stromal cells differentiate into neurons. J Neurosci Res 2000; 61: 364–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaBarge M, Blau H. Biological progression from adult bone marrow to mononucleate muscle stem cell to multinucleate muscle fiber in response to injury. Cell 2002; 111: 589–601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makino S, Fukuda K, Miyoshi S, et al. Cardiomyocytes can be generated from marrow stromal cells in vitro. J Clin Invest 1999; 103: 697–705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gronthos S, Graves SE, Ohta S, Simmons PJ. The STRO-1+ fraction of adult human bone marrow contains the osteogenic precursors. Blood 1994; 84: 4164–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz R, Reyes M, Koodie L, et al. Multipotent adult progenitor cells from bone marrow differentiate into functional hepatocyte-like cells. J Clin Invest 2002; 109: 1291–302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry F, Boynton R, Haynesworth S, et al. The monoclonal antibody SH-2, raised against human mesenchymal stem cells, recognizes an epitope on endoglin (CD105). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 265: 134–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry F, Boynton R, Murphy M, et al. The SH-3 and SH-4 antibodies recognize distinct epitopes on CD73 from human mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 289: 519–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muschler GF, Midura RJ, Nakamoto C. Practical modeling concepts for connective tissue stem cell and progenitor compartment kinetics. J Biomed Biotechnol 2003; 3: 170–93
   Google Scholar
• Simmons P, Torok-Storb B. CD34 expression by stromal precursors in normal human adult bone marrow. Blood 1991; 78: 2848–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma HL, Hung SC, Lin SY, et al. Chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in alginate beads. J Biomed Mater Res A 2003; 64: 273–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stahl A, Wenger A, Weber H, et al. Bi-directional cell contact-dependent regulation of gene expression between endothelial cells and osteoblasts in a three-dimensional spheroidal coculture model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 322: 684–92
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Terada N, Hamazaki T, Oka M, et al. Bone marrow cells adopt the phenotype of other cells by spontaneous cell fusion. Nature 2002; 416: 542–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Willenbring H, Akkari Y, et al. Cell fusion is the principal source of bone-marrow-derived hepatocytes. Nature 2003; 422: 897–901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying Q, Nichols J, Evans E, Smith A. Changing potency by spontaneous fusion. Nature 2002; 416: 545–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deschaseaux F, Gindraux F, Saadi R, et al. Direct selection of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using an anti-CD49a antibody reveals their CD45med,low phenotype. Br J Haematol 2003; 122: 506–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones E, Kinsey S, English A, et al. Isolation and characterization of bone marrow multipotential mesenchymal progenitor cells. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46: 3349–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danet G, Lee H, Luongo J, et al. Dissociation between stem cell phenotype and NOD/SCID repopulating activity in human peripheral blood CD34(+) cells after ex vivo expansion. Exp Hematol 2001; 29: 1465–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson C, Denning-Kendall P, Bradley B, Hows J. The CD34(+)CD38(neg) population is significantly increased in haemopoietic cell expansion cultures in serum-free compared to serum-replete conditions: dissociation of phenotype and function. Bone Marrow Transplant 2001; 27: 365–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorrell C, Gan O, Pereira D, et al. Expansion of human cord blood CD34(+)CD38(−) cells in ex vivo culture during retroviral transduction without a corresponding increase in SCID repopulating cell (SRC) frequency: dissociation of SRC phenotype and function. Blood 2000; 95: 102–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews R, Singer J, Bernstein I. Precursors of colony-forming cells in humans can be distinguished from colony-forming cells by expression of the CD33 and CD34 antigens and light scatter properties. J Exp Med 1989; 169: 1721–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnet D. Hematopoietic stem cells. J Pathol 2002; 197: 430–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause D, Fackler M, Civin C, May W. CD34: structure, biology, and clinical utility. Blood 1996; 87: 1–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fina L, Molgaard H, Robertson D, et al. Expression of the CD34 gene in vascular endothelial cells. Blood 1990; 75: 2417–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown J, Greaves M, Molgaard H. The gene encoding the stem cell antigen, CD34, is conserved in mouse and expressed in haemopoietic progenitor cell lines, brain, and embryonic fibroblasts. Int Immunol 1991; 3: 175–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Healy L, May G, Gale K, et al. The stem cell antigen CD34 functions as a regulator of hemopoietic cell adhesion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 12240–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar