551
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Update on pharmacotherapy of myoclonic seizures

&
Pages 187-193 | Received 30 Sep 2016, Accepted 06 Jan 2017, Published online: 23 Jan 2017

References

  • Leppik IE. Classification of the myoclonic epilepsies. Epilepsia. 2003;44 Suppl 11:2–6.
  • Striano P, Zara F. Pathophysiology of myoclonic seizures. In: Panayiotopoulos CP, editor. Atlas of epilepsy. London:Springer Science+Business Media, Part 5; 2010. p. 235–242.
  • Auvin S, Cilio MR, Vezzani A. Current understanding and neurobiology of epileptic encephalopathies. Neurobiol Dis. 2016;92(Pt A):72–89.
  • Genton P, Striano P, Minassian BA. The history of progressive myoclonus epilepsies. Epileptic Disord. 2016;18:(S2):3-10.
  • Striano P, Belcastro V. Treatment of myoclonic seizures. Expert Rev Neurother. 2012;12(12):1411–1417.
  • Löscher W. Basic pharmacology of valproate: a review after 35 years of clinical use for the treatment of epilepsy. CNS Drugs. 2002;16(10):669–694.
  • Dulac O, Steru D, Rey E, et al. Sodium valproate monotherapy in childhood epilepsy. Brain Dev. 1986;8:47–52.
  • Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité DG, Schmitz B, Janz D, et al. Consensus on diagnosis and management of JME: from founder’s observations to current trends. Epilepsy Behav. 2013 Jul;28(Suppl 1):S87–90.
  • Karlovassitou-Koniari A, Alexiou D, Angelopoulos P, et al. Low dose sodium valproate in the treatment of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. J Neurol. 2002;249:396–399.
  • Hernández-Vanegas LE, Jara-Prado A, Ochoa A, et al. High-dose versus low-dose valproate for the treatment of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: going from low to high. Epilepsy Behav. 2016;61:34–40.
  • Chowdhury A, Brodie MJ. Pharmacological outcomes in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: support for sodium valproate. Epilepsy Res. 2016;119:62–66.
  • Tomson T, Marson A, Boon P, et al. Valproate in the treatment of epilepsy in women and girls recommendations from a joint Task Force of ILAE-Commission on European Affairs and European Academy of Neurology (EAN). Epilepsia. 2015;56:1006–1019.
  • Belcastro V, D’ Egidio C, Striano P, et al. Metabolic and endocrine effects of valproic acid chronic treatment. Epilepsy Res. 2013;107(1–2):1–8.
  • Verrotti A, Mencaroni E, Cofini M, et al. Valproic acid metabolism and its consequences on sexual functions. Curr Drug Metab. 2016;17:573–581.
  • Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, et al. Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008;118:69–86.
  • Mikkelsen B, Birket-Smith E, Bradt S, et al. Clonazepam in the treatment of epilepsy. A controlled clinical trial in simple absences, bilateral massive epileptic myoclonus, and atonic seizures. Arch Neurol. 1976;33:322–325.
  • Farrell K. Benzodiazepines in the treatment of children with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1986;27:S45–S51.
  • Brodie MJ, Chung S, Wade A, et al. Clobazam and clonazepam use in epilepsy: results from a UK database incident user cohort study. Epilepsy Res. 2016;123:68–74.
  • Wallace SJ. Myoclonus and epilepsy in childhood: a review of treatment with valproate, ethosuximide, lamotrigine and zonisamide. Epilepsy Res. 1998;29:147–154.
  • Cherian A, Jabeen SA, Kandadai RM, et al. Epilepsy with myoclonic absences in siblings. Brain Dev. 2014;36:892–898.
  • Guerrini R, Dravet C, Genton P, et al. Lamotrigine and seizure aggravation in severe myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1998;39:508–512.
  • Striano P, Striano S, Minetti C, et al. Refractory, life-threatening status epilepticus in a 3-year-old girl. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7:278–284.
  • Brigo F, Igwe SC. Antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of infants with severe myoclonic epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;10:CD010483.
  • Dalic L, Mullen SA, Roulet Perez E, et al. Lamotrigine can be beneficial in patients with Dravet syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2015;57:200–202.
  • Wang XQ, Xiong J, Xu WH, et al. Risk of a lamotrigine-related skin rash: current meta-analysis and postmarketing cohort analysis. Seizure. 2015;25:52–61.
  • Maruyama S, Okamoto Y, Toyoshima M, et al. Immunoglobulin a deficiency following treatment with lamotrigine. Brain Dev. 2016;38(10):947–949.
  • Choi H, Morrell MJ. Review of lamotrigine and its clinical applications in epilepsy. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2003;4(2):243–251.
  • Koskiniemi M, Van Vleymen B, Hakamies L, et al. Piracetam relieves symptoms in progressive myoclonus epilepsy: a multicentre, randomised, double blind, crossover study comparing the efficacy and safety of three dosages of oral piracetam with placebo. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;64:344–348.
  • Genton P, Guerrini R, Remy C. Piracetam in the treatment of cortical myoclonus. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1999;32(Suppl 1):49–53.
  • Ikeda A, Shibasaki H, Tashiro K, et al. Clinical trial of piracetam in patients with myoclonus: nationwide multiinstitution study in Japan. The Myoclonus/Piracetam Study Group. Mov Disord. 1996;11(6):691–700.
  • Noachtar S, Andermann E, Meyvisch P, et al. Levetiracetam for the treatment of idiopathic generalized epilepsy with myoclonic seizures. Neurology. 2008;70:607–616.
  • Berkovic SF, Knowlton RC, Leroy RF, et al. Placebo-controlled study of levetiracetam in idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Neurology. 2007;69:1751–1760.
  • Striano P, Manganelli F, Boccella P, et al. Levetiracetam in patients with cortical myoclonus: a clinical and electrophysiological study. Mov Disord. 2005;20:1610–1614.
  • Striano P, Sofia V, Capovilla G, et al. A pilot trial of levetiracetam in eyelid myoclonia with absences (Jeavons syndrome). Epilepsia. 2008;49:425–430.
  • Verrotti A, D’Adamo E, Parisi P, et al. Levetiracetam in childhood epilepsy. Paediatr Drugs. 2010;12:177–186.
  • Sala-Padró J, Toledo M, Santamarina E, et al. Levetiracetam and valproate retention rate in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2016;39(6):299–301.
  • Shaaya EA, Grocott OR, Laing O, et al. Seizure treatment in Angelman syndrome: a case series from the Angelman Syndrome Clinic at Massachusetts General Hospital. Epilepsy Behav. 2016;60:138–141.
  • Kim HJ, Kim SH, Kang HC, et al. Adjunctive levetiracetam treatment in pediatric Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Pediatr Neurol. 2014;51(4):527–531.
  • Tai KK, Truong DD. Brivaracetam is superior to levetiracetam in a rat model of post-hypoxic myoclonus. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2007;114(12):1547–1551.
  • Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité DG, Genton P, Parain D, et al. Evaluation of brivaracetam, a novel SV2A ligand, in the photosensitivity model. Neurology. 2007;69(10):1027–1034.
  • Kälviäinen R, Genton P, Andermann E, et al. Brivaracetam in Unverricht-Lundborg disease (EPM1): results from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Epilepsia. 2016;57(2):210–221.
  • Mula M, Agrawal N, Mustafa Z, et al. Self-reported aggressiveness during treatment with levetiracetam correlates with depression. Epilepsy Behav. 2015;45:64–67.
  • Mula M, Kanner AM, Schmitz B, et al. Antiepileptic drugs and suicidality: an expert consensus statement from the Task Force on Therapeutic Strategies of the ILAE Commission on Neuropsychobiology. Epilepsia. 2013;54:199–203.
  • Faught E, Wilder BJ, Ramsay RE, et al. Topiramate placebo-controlled dose ranging trial in refractory partial epilepsy using 200-, 400-, and 600-mg daily dosages. Neurology. 1996;46:1684–1690.
  • Uldall P, Buchholt JM. Clinical experiences with topiramate in children with intractable epilepsy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 1999;3:105–111.
  • Arroyo S, Dodson WE, Privitera MD, et al. Randomized dose controlled study of topiramate as first-line therapy in epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand. 2005;112:214–222.
  • Aykutlu E, Baykan B, Gürses C, et al. Add-on therapy with topiramate in progressive myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2005;6(2):260–263.
  • Levisohn PM, Holland KD. Topiramate or valproate in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: a randomized open-label comparison. Epilepsy Behav. 2007;10:547–552.
  • Liu J, Wang LN, Wang YP. Topiramate monotherapy for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;12:CD010008.
  • Verrotti A, Parisi P, Agostinelli S, et al. Weight regain after discontinuation of topiramate treatment in patients with migraine: a prospective observational study. CNS Drugs. 2015;29(2):163–169.
  • Peters DH, Sorkin EM. Zonisamide. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in epilepsy. Drugs. 1993;45(5):760–787.
  • Vari MS, Striano P. A review of safety and efficacy of zonisamide for treatment of pediatric partial epilepsy. Pediatr Health, Med Ther. 2014;5:155–160.
  • Vossler D, Conry J, Murphy J, et al. Zonisamide for the treatment of myoclonic seizures in progressive myoclonic epilepsy: an open-label study. Epileptic Disord. 2008;10:31–34.
  • Italiano D, Pezzella M, Coppola A, et al. A pilot open-label trial of zonisamide in Unverricht-Lundborg disease. Mov Disord. 2011;26:341–343.
  • Obeso JA, Artieda J, Rothwell JC, et al. The treatment of severe action myoclonus. Brain. 1989;112(Pt 3):765–777.
  • Michelucci R, Pasini E, Riguzzi P, et al. Myoclonus and seizures in progressive myoclonic epilepsies: pharmacology and therapeutic trials. Epileptic Disord. 2016;18:(S2):145-153.
  • Rektor I. Perampanel, a novel, non-competitive, selective AMPA receptor antagonist as adjunctive therapy for treatment-resistant partial-onset seizures. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013;14(2):225–235.
  • De Liso P, Vigevano F, Specchio N, et al. Effectiveness and tolerability of perampanel in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsies – an Italian observational multicenter study. Epilepsy Res. 2016;127:93–100.
  • Schorlemmer K, Bauer S, Belke M, et al. Sustained seizure remission on perampanel in progressive myoclonic epilepsy (Lafora disease). Epilepsy Behav Case Rep. 2013;1:118–121.
  • Goldsmith D, Minassian BA. Efficacy and tolerability of perampanel in ten patients with Lafora disease. Epilepsy Behav. 2016;62:132–135.
  • Genton P. When antiepileptic drugs aggravate epilepsy. Brain Dev. 2000;22(2):75–80.
  • Chaves J, Sander JW. Seizure aggravation in idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Epilepsia. 2005;46:(Suppl.9):133-139.
  • Gelisse P, Genton P, Kuate C, et al. Worsening of seizures by oxcarbazepine in juvenile idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Epilepsia. 2004;45(10):1282–1286.
  • Genton P, Gelisse P, Thomas P, et al. Do carbamazepine and phenytoin aggravate juvenile myoclonic epilepsy? Neurology. 2000;55(8):1106–1109.
  • Carrazana EJ, Wheeler SD. Exacerbation of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy with lamotrigine. Neurology. 2001;56:1424–1425.
  • Biraben A, Allain H, Scarabin JM, et al. Exacerbation of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy with lamotrigine. Neurology. 2000;55:175.
  • Striano P, Belcastro V. Treating myoclonic epilepsy in children: state-of-the-art. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013;14(10):1355–1361.
  • Levy A, Chen R. Myoclonus: pathophysiology and treatment options. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2016;18(5):21.
  • Wheless JW, Sankar R. Treatment strategies for myoclonic seizures and epilepsy syndromes with myoclonic seizures. Epilepsia. 2003;44:s27–s37.
  • Striano P, Striano S. New and investigational antiepileptic drugs. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2009;18:1875–1884.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.