614
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Moving beyond sodium valproate: choosing the right anti-epileptic drug in children

, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 1449-1456 | Received 27 Sep 2018, Accepted 08 May 2019, Published online: 17 May 2019

References

  • Egunsola O, Choonara I, Sammons HM. Anti-epileptic drug utilisation in paediatrics: a systematic review. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2017;1:e000088.
  • Romoli M, Mazzocchetti P, D’Alonzo R, et al. Valproic acid and epilepsy: from molecular mechanisms to clinical evidences. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2018 Dec 27. DOI:10.2174/1570159X17666181227165722.
  • Rosati A, De Masi S, Guerrini R. Antiepileptic drug treatment in children with epilepsy. CNS Drugs. 2015;29:847.
  • Chateauvieux S, Morceau F, Dicato M, et al. Molecular and therapeutic potential and toxicity of valproic acid. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;1–18.
  • Glauser T, Ben‐Menachem E, Bourgeois B, et al. Updated ILAE evidence review of antiepileptic drug efficacy and effectiveness as initial monotherapy for epileptic seizures and syndromes. Epilepsia. 2013;54:551–563.
  • Genton P, Striano P, Minassian BA. The history of progressive myoclonus epilepsies. Epileptic Disord. 2016;18(S2):3–10.
  • Striano P, Belcastro V. Treatment of myoclonic seizures. Expert Rev Neurother. 2012;12(12):1411–1417.
  • Kasteleijn-NolstTrenité DG, Schmitz B, Janz D, et al. Consensus on diagnosis and management of JME: from founder’s observations to current trends. Epilepsy Behav. 2013;28(Suppl1):S87–90.
  • Tomson T, Battino D, Perucca E. Valproic acid after five decades of use in epilepsy: time to reconsider the indications of a time-honoured drug. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15:210–218.
  • Verrotti A, Manco R, Agostinelli S, et al. The metabolic syndrome in overweight epileptic patients treated with valproic acid. Epilepsia. 2010;51:268–273.
  • Drugs.com [Internet]. Sodium valproate side effects from drugs.com; c1996-2019. [ cited 2019 May 8]. Available from: https://www.drugs.com/sfx/valproate-sodium-side-effects.html
  • El-Khatib F, Rauchenzauner M, Lechleitner M, et al. Valproate, weight gain and carbohydrate craving: a gender study. Seizure. 2007;16:226–232, 227
  • Thomson SR, Mamulpet V, Adiga S. Sodium valproate induced alopecia: a case series. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11:FR01–FR02.
  • Marson A, Valproate SG. In: Shorvon S, Perucca E, Engel JJ, editors. The treatment of epilepsy 3rd ed. Oxford: Wiley; 2015. p. 652–666.
  • Dreifuss FE, Santilli N, Langer DH, et al. Valproic acid hepatic fatalities: a retrospective review. Neurology. 1987 Mar;37(3):379–385.
  • Hamer HM, Knake S, Schomburg U, et al. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy in the presence of topiramate. Neurology. 2000;54:230–232.
  • Handoko KB, Souverein PC, Van Staa TP, et al. Risk of aplastic anemia in patients using antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia. 2006;47:1232–1236.
  • Meador KJ, Baker GA, Browning N, et al. Cognitive function at 3 years of age after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1597–1605.
  • Agency, European Medicines, P. R. A. C. (PRAC). European medicines agency. assessment report. Procedure under Article 31 of Directive 2001/83/EC resulting from pharmacovigilance data. Valproate and related substances. 2014. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu
  • Star K, Edwards IR, Choonara I. Valproic acid and fatalities in children: a review of individual case safety reports in VigiBase. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 10;9(10):e108970.
  • Gopaul S, Farrell K, Abbott F. Effects of age and polytherapy, risk factors of valproic acid (VPA) hepatotoxicity, on the excretion of thiol conjugates of (E)-2,4-diene VPA in people with epilepsy taking VPA. Epilepsia. 2003;44:322–328.
  • Egunsola O, Star K, Juhlin K, et al. Retrospective review of paediatric case reports of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis with lamotrigine from an international pharmacovigilance database. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2017 Aug 4;1(1):e000039.
  • Brigo F, Igwe SC. Ethosuximide, sodium valproate or lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Feb 14;(2):CD003032.
  • Glauser TA, Cnaan A, Shinnar S, et al. Childhood absence epilepsy study team. Ethosuximide, valproic acid, and lamotrigine in childhood absence epilepsy: initial monotherapy outcomes at 12 months. Epilepsia. 2013;54(1):141–155.
  • Genton P, Gelisse P, Thomas P, et al. Do carbamazepine and phenytoin aggravate juvenile myoclonic epilepsy? Neurology. 2000;55:1106–1109.
  • Karlovassitou-Koniari A, Alexiou D, Angelopoulos P, et al. Low dose sodium valproate in the treatment of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. J Neurol. 2002;249(4):396–399.
  • Noachtar S, Andermann E, Meyvisch P, et al. Levetiracetam for the treatment of idiopathic generalized epilepsy with myoclonic seizures. Neurology. 2008;70(8):607–616.
  • Striano P, Manganelli F, Boccella P, et al. Levetiracetam in patients with cortical myoclonus: a clinical and electrophysiological study. Mov Disord. 2005;20(12):1610–1614.
  • Striano P, Sofia V, Capovilla G. A pilot trial of levetiracetam in eyelid myoclonia with absences (Jeavons syndrome). Epilepsia. 2008;49(3):425–430.
  • Liu J, Wang LN, Wang YP. Topiramate monotherapy for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr;23(4):CD010008.
  • Marson AG, Al-Kharusi AM, Alwaidh M, et al. SANADStudy group.The SANADstudy of effectiveness of valproate, lamotrigine, or topiramate for generalised and unclassifiable epilepsy: an unblinded randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007 Mar 24;369(9566):1016–1026.
  • Tomson T, Marson A, Boon P, et al. Valproate in the treatment of epilepsy in girls and women of childbearing potential. Epilepsia. 2015;56:1006–1019.
  • Muller M, Marson AG, Williamson PR. Oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;2:CD003615.
  • Gamble C, Williamson PR, Chadwick DW, et al. A metaanalysis of individual patient responses to lamotrigine or carbamazepine monotherapy. Neurology. 2006a;66:1310–1317.
  • Gamble CL, Williamson PR, Marson AG. Lamotrigine versus carbamazepine monotherapy for epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006b;1:CD001031.
  • Koch MW, Polman SK. Oxcarbazepine versus carbamazepine monotherapy for partial onset seizures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;4:CD006453.
  • Sobaniec W, Kulak W, Strzelecka J, et al. A comparative study of vigabatrin vs. carbamazepine in monotherapy of newly diagnosed partial seizures in children. Pharmacol Rep. 2005;57:646–653.
  • Wilmshurst JM, Gaillard WD, Vinayan KP, et al. Summary of recommandations for the management of infantile seizures: task Force Report for the ILAE Commission of Pediatrics. Epilepsia. 2015;56(8):1185–1197.
  • Bial - Portela C S.A. Eslicarbazepine Acetate (BIA 2 093) as therapy for refractory partial seizures in children In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000. [ cited 2018 May 30]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00988156 NLM Identifier: NCT00988156
  • Bial - Portela C S.A. Effects of eslicarbazepine acetate (Esl, Bia 2-093) on cognitive function in children with partial onset seizures. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000. [ cited 2018 May 30]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01527513 NLM Identifier: NCT01527513
  • Winkler I, Blotnik S, Shimshoni J, et al. Efficacy of antiepileptic isomers of valproic acid and valpromide in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Br J Pharmacol. 2005;146:198–208.
  • Shekh‐Ahmad T, Hen N, Yagen B, et al. Stereoselective anticonvulsant and pharmacokinetic analysis of valnoctamide, a CNS‐active derivative of valproic acid with low teratogenic potential. Epilepsia. 2014;55:353–361.
  • Bersudsky Y, Applebaum J, Gaiduk Y, et al. Valnoctamide as a valproate substitute with low teratogenic potential in mania: a double-blind, controlled, add-on clinical trial. Bipolar Disord. 2010;12(4):376–382.
  • Pouliot W, Bialer M, Hen N, et al. A comparative electrographic analysis of the effect of sec‐butyl‐propylacetamide on pharmacoresistant status epilepticus. Neuroscience. 2013;231:145–156.
  • Haines KM, Matson LM, Dunn EN, et al. Comparative efficacy of valnoctamide and sec‐butylpropylacetamide (SPD) in terminating nerve agent–induced seizures in pediatric rats. Epilepsia. 2019;60:315–321.
  • Kudin AP, Mawasi H, Eisenkraft A, et al. Mitochondrial liver toxicity of valproic acid and its acid derivatives is related to inhibition of alpha‐lipoamide dehydrogenase. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18:1912–1923.
  • Bialer M, Johannessen SI, Koepp MJ, et al. Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: A summary of the fourteenth eilat conference on new antiepileptic drugs and devices (EILAT XIV). II. Drugs in more advanced clinical development. Epilepsia. 2018;59:1842–1866..
  • Hovinga CA. Valrocemide (Teva/Acorda). Curr Opin Invest Drugs. 2004;5(1):101–106.
  • Rosati A, Ilvento L, Lucenteforte E, et al. Comparative efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in children and adolescents: A network meta‐analysis. Epilepsia. 2018;59:297–314.
  • Anderson M, Choonara I. A systematic review of safety monitoring and drug toxicity in published randomised controlled trials of antiepileptic drugs in children over a 10-year period. Arch Dis Childhood. 2010;95:731–738.
  • Egunsola O, Choonara I, Sammons HM, et al. Safety of antiepileptic drugs in children and young people: A prospective cohort study. Seizure. 2018;56:20–25. ISSN 1059-1311.
  • Iapadre G, Balagura G, Zagaroli L, et al. Pharmacokinetics and drug interaction of antiepileptic drugs in children and adolescents. Pediatr Drugs. 2018;20:429.
  • de Lange IM, Gunning B, Sonsma ACM, et al. Influence of contraindicated medication use on cognitive outcome in Dravet syndrome and age at first afebrile seizure as a clinical predictor in SCN1A-related seizure phenotypes. Epilepsia. 2018;59:1154–1165.
  • Mao CY, Shi CH, Song B, et al. Genotype-phenotype correlation in a cohort of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia cases. J Neurol Sci. 2014;340(1–2):91–93.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.