Perspectives on the pharmacological management of esophageal cancer: where are we now and where do we need to go?

References

• National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Esophageal and Esophagogastric Junction Cancers. Version 2.2022; [cited 2022 Jun 20]. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/esophageal.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National cancer institute: surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cancer Stat Facts: esophageal Cancer; [cited 2022 Jun 20]. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/esoph.html
   Google Scholar
• Kelly RJ, Ajani JA, Kuzdzal J, et al. Adjuvant nivolumab in resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(13):1191–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janjigian YY, Shitara K, Moehler M, et al. First-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction, and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (CheckMate 649): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 398(10294):27–40. 2021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doki Y, Ajani JA, Kato K, et al., Nivolumab Combination Therapy in Advanced Esophageal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma. New Eng J Med. 2022;386(5):449–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung HC, Bang Y-J, Fuchs CS, et al. KEYNOTE-811 pembrolizumab plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy for HER2+ metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (mG/GEJc): a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III study. J clin oncol. 2020;38(4): TPS463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun JM, Shen L, Shah MA, et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for first-line treatment of advanced oesophageal cancer (KEYNOTE-590): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2021;398(10302):759–771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Hagen P, MCCM H, van Lanschot JJB, et al. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for esophageal or junctional cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(22):2074–2084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eyck BM, van Lanschot JJB, Hulshof MCCM, et al., Ten-Year outcome of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery for esophageal cancer: the randomized controlled cross trial. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(18):1995–2004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA approves nivolumab for resected esophageal or GEJ cancer. 2021 May 20. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-nivolumab-resected-esophageal-or-gej-cancer. Accessed 6/20/2022.
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham D, Allum WH, Stenning SP, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(1):11–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Batran S-E, Homann N, Pauligk C, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel versus fluorouracil or capecitabine plus cisplatin and epirubicin for locally advanced, resectable gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (FLOT4): a randomised, phase 2/3 trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10184):1948–1957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds JV, Preston SR, Neill B, et al. Neo-AEGIS (neoadjuvant trial in adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophago-gastric junction international study): preliminary results of phase III RCT of CROSS versus perioperative chemotherapy (Modified MAGIC or FLOT protocol) (NCT01726452). J clin oncol. 2021;39(15_suppl):4004.
   Google Scholar
• Hoeppner J, Lordick F, Brunner T, et al. ESOPEC: prospective randomized controlled multicenter phase III trial comparing perioperative chemotherapy (FLOT protocol) to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CROSS protocol) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (NCT02509286). BMC Cancer. 2016;16(1):503.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bang YJ, Van Cusem E, Fuchs CS, et al. Phase III KEYNOTE-585 study of chemotherapy (Chemo) plus pembrolizumab (Pembro) vs chemo plus placebo as neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatment for patients (Pts) with gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer. Ann Oncol. 2018;29:268.
   Google Scholar
• National Cancer Institute. Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Treating Patients with Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma Undergoing Surgery. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000; [cited 2022 June 20]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03604991. NLM Identifier: NCT03604991.
   Google Scholar
• Henan Cancer Hospital. Neo-adjuvant Immunochemotheray Versus Neo-adjuvant Chemotherapy for Resectable Esophageal Carcinoma. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000; [cited 2022 June 20]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04280822. NLM Identifier: NCT04280822.
   Google Scholar
• Sharp M, Dohme LLC. Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Versus Placebo in Participants With Esophageal Carcinoma Who Are Receiving Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy (MK-3475-975/KEYNOTE-975). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000; [cited 2022 June 20]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04210115. NLM Identifier: NCT04210115.
   Google Scholar
• Yu R, WAng W, Li T, et al. RATIONALE 311: tislelizumab plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy for localized esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Future Oncol. 2021;17(31):4081–4089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wuhan Union Hospital. Chemoradiotherapy Plus Immunotherapy Followed by Surgery for Esophageal Cancer (CRISEC). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000; [cited 2022 June 20]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04776590. NLM Identifier: NCT04776590.
   Google Scholar
• The Second Hospital of Shandong University. Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Patients With Esophageal, Esophageal- Gastric Junction Cancer. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000; [cited 2022 June 20]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04688801. NLM Identifier: NCT04688801.
   Google Scholar
• Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Neoadjuvant Treatment Modalities in Esophageal Cancer. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000; [cited 2022 June 20]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04821843. NLM Identifier: NCT04821843.
   Google Scholar
• Roche H-L. A Study of Atezolizumab With or Without Tiragolumab in Participants With Unresectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Whose Cancers Have Not Progressed Following Definitive Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy (SKYSCRAPER-07). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000; [cited 2022 June 20]. Available from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04543617. NLM Identifier: NCT04543617.
   Google Scholar
• Safran HP, Winter K, Ilson DH, et al. Trastuzumab with trimodality treatment for oesophageal adenocarcinoma with HER2 overexpression (NRG Oncology/RTOG 1010): a multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022 Feb 01 23(2):259–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Study of Perioperative Chemotherapy Combined With Tirelizumab and Trastuzumab in the Treatment of GC/EGC. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000; [cited 2022 June 20]. Available from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04819971. NLM Identifier: NCT04819971.
   Google Scholar
• Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam. TRAstuzumab and Pertuzumab for HER2+ Resectable Oesophageal Cancer (TRAP-2). In: clinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): national Library of Medicine (US). 2000 [cited 2022 June 20]. Available from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05188313. NLM Identifier: NCT05188313.
   Google Scholar
• National Cancer Center Hospital East. Phase 2 Study of T-DXd in the Neoadjuvant Treatment for Patients With HER2 Positive Gastric and GEJ Adenocarcinoma. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000 [cited 2022 June 20]. Available from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05034887. NLM Identifier: NCT05034887.
   Google Scholar
• Brenner B. Trial of Nivolumab and Cetuximab After Chemoradiation in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000; [cited 2022 June 20]. Available from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04229459. NLM Identifier: NCT04229459.
   Google Scholar
• Suntharalingam M, Winter K, Ilson D, et al. Effect of the Addition of Cetuximab to Paclitaxel, Cisplatin, and Radiation Therapy for Patients With Esophageal Cancer: the NRG Oncology RTOG 0436 Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2017 Nov 1 3(11):1520–1528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosby T, Hurt CN, Falk S, et al. Chemoradiotherapy with or without cetuximab in patients with oesophageal cancer (SCOPE1): a multicentre, phase 2/3 randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(7):627–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital. A Prospective Study of Apatinib Plus Concurrent Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000 [cited 2022 June 20]. Available from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03857763. NLM Identifier: NCT03857763.
   Google Scholar
• Second Affiliated Hospital. School of Medicine, Zhejiang University. Carrelizumab, Chemotherapy and Apatinib in the Neoadjuvant Treatment of Resectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000 [cited 2022 June 20]. Available from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04666090. NLM Identifier: NCT04666090.
   Google Scholar
• Bang YJ, Van Cutsem E, Feyereislova A, et al. Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (ToGA): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9742):687–697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA approves fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki for HER2-positive gastric adenocarcinomas. 2021 Jan 15. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-fam-trastuzumab-deruxtecan-nxki-her2-positive-gastric-adenocarcinomas. Accessed 6/20/2022.
   Google Scholar
• Shitara K, Bang YJ, Iwasa S, et al. Trastuzumab deruxtecan in previously treated HER2-positive gastric cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(25):2419–2430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ku G, Elimova E, Denlinger CS, et al. Phase (Ph) 2 study of zanidatamab + chemotherapy in first-line (1L) HER2-expressing gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA). Abstract: 3678/ Poster 1380P. Eur Society for Med Oncol (ESMO21), Switzerland September 16 Sept 21. 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Catenacci D, Park H, Shim BY, et al. Margetuximab with retifanlimab in HER2+, PD-L1+ First-Line unresectable/metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA): MAHOGANY cohort A. Eur Society for Med Oncol (ESMO). 2021 Sept 16-21. 2021;32:S1043–S1044.
   Google Scholar
• Lote H, Chau I. Emerging HER2-directed therapeutic agents for gastric cancer in early phase clinical trials. Expert Opin Invetig Drugs. 2022 Jan;31(1): 59–78.
   Google Scholar
• Hubbard JM, Van Tine BA, Mita MM, et al. A phase 1 study of the novel immunotoxin MT-5111 in patients with HER2+tumors: interim results. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Feb 1. 40(4):297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA grants accelerated approval to pembrolizumab for HER2-positive gastric cancer. 2021 May 05. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-grants-accelerated-approval-pembrolizumab-her2-positive-gastric-cancer. Accessed 6/20/2022.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA approves nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy for metastatic gastric cancer and esophageal adenocarcinoma. 2021 April 16. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-nivolumab-combination-chemotherapy-metastatic-gastric-cancer-and-esophageal. Accessed 6/20/2022.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA approves Opdivo in combination with chemotherapy and Opdivo in combination with Yervoy for first-line esophageal squamous cell carcinoma indications. 2022 May 31. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-opdivo-combination-chemotherapy-and-opdivo-combination-yervoy-first-line-esophageal. Accessed 6/20/2022.
   Google Scholar
• Luo H, Lu J, Bai Y, et al. Effect of camrelizumab vs placebo added to chemotherapy on survival and progression-free survival in patients with advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: the escort-1st randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021;326(10):916–925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilke H, Muro K, Van Cutsem E, et al. Ramucirumab plus paclitaxel versus placebo plus paclitaxel in patients with previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (RAINBOW): a double-blind, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(11):1224–1235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs CS, Tomasek J, Yong CJ, et al. Ramucirumab monotherapy for previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (REGARD): an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2014;383(9911):31–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu L, Chen Y, Liu A, et al. A Phase II Study of Apatinib in Patients with Chemotherapy-Refractory Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESO-Shanghai 11). Oncologist. 2021 Jun;26(6):e925–e935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang F, Wang J, Wu T, et al. Camrelizumab in combination with apatinib as second-line treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a single-arm, open-label, phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Jan 20. 39(3):215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He Y, Li C, Zhang F, et al. Clinical study on the second-line treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with camrelizumab combined with apatinib and irinotecan: a single-arm, multicenter, phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Feb 01. 40(4):319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ungureanu BS, Lungulescu CV, Pirici D, et al. Clinicopathologic Relevance of Claudin 18.2 Expression in Gastric Cancer: a Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol. 2021;11:643872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shain U, Schuler M, Richly H, et al. A phase I dose-escalation study of IMAB362 (Zolbetuximab) in patients with advanced gastric and gastro-oesophageal junction cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2018 Sep; 100 17–26. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tureci O, Shin U, Schulze-Bergkamen H, et al. A multicentre, phase IIa study of zolbetuximab as a single agent in patients with recurrent or refractory advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach or lower oesophagus: the MONO study. Ann Oncol. 2019 Sep 1 30(9):1487–1495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahin U, Tureci O, Manikhas G, et al. FAST: a randomised phase II study of zolbetuximab (IMAB362) plus EOX versus EOX alone for first-line treatment of advanced CLDN18.2-positive gastric and gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Ann Oncol. 2021 May;32(5):609–619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc. A Phase 3 Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability Study of Zolbetuximab (Experimental Drug) Plus mFOLFOX6 Chemotherapy Compared to Placebo Plus mFOLFOX6 as Treatment for Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction (GEJ) Cancer (Spotlight). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000; [cited 2022 Apr 19]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03504397. NLM Identifier: NCT03504397.
   Google Scholar
• Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc. A Study of Zolbetuximab (IMAB362) Plus CAPOX Compared With Placebo Plus CAPOX as First-line Treatment of Subjects With Claudin (CLDN) 18.2-Positive, HER2-Negative, Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction (GEJ) Adenocarcinoma (GLOW). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000; [cited 2022 Apr 19]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03653507. NLM Identifier: NCT03653507.
   Google Scholar
• Conjupro Biotherapeutics, Inc. Dose Escalation and Expansion Study of CPO102, an Anti-claudin 18.2 ADC in Patients With Advanced Cancers. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000 [[2022 Apr 19]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05043987. NLM Identifier: NCT05043987.
   Google Scholar
• CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. Study of SYSA1801 in the Treatment of Claudin(CLDN) 18.2 Positive Advanced Malignant Solid Tumor. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000 [[2022 Apr 19]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05009966. NLM Identifier: NCT05009966.
   Google Scholar
• CARsgen Therapeutics Co, Ltd. Clinical Trial to Evaluate AB011 Injection in Patients With CLDN18.2-positive Advanced Solid Tumors. In: ClinicalTrials.gov. Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000 [[2022 Apr 19]. Available from: Clinical Trial to Evaluate AB011 Injection in Patients With CLDN18.2-positive Advanced Solid Tumors. NLM Identifier: NCT04400383.
   Google Scholar
• Beijing Mabworks Biotech Co., Ltd. A Clinical Study of MIL93 in Solid Tumors. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000 [[2022 Apr 19]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04671875.NLM Identifier: NCT04671875.
   Google Scholar
• Changhai Hospital. Clinical Study of CAR-CLD18 T Cells in Patients With Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000 [[2022 Apr 19]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03159819. NLM Identifier: NCT03159819.
   Google Scholar
• Peking University. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Targeting claudin18.2 in Solid Tumors. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000 [[2022 Apr 19]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03874897. NLM Identifier: NCT03874897.
   Google Scholar
• CARsgen Therapeutics Co, Ltd. Claudin18.2 CAR-T (CT041) in Patients With Gastric or Pancreatic Cancer. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000 [[2022 Apr 19]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04404595. NLM Identifier: NCT04404595.
   Google Scholar
• Wainberg ZA, Enzinger PC, Kang YK, et al. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2 study of bemarituzumab combined with modified FOLFOX6 (mFOLFOX6) in first-line (1L) treatment of advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (FIGHT). J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(3):160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amgen. Bemarituzumab or Placebo Plus Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancers With Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2b (FGFR2b) Overexpression (FORTITUDE-101). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2000 [cited 2022 May 23]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05052801
   Google Scholar
• Amgen. Bemarituzumab Plus Chemotherapy and Nivolumab Versus Chemotherapy and Nivolumab for FGFR2b Overexpressed Untreated Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer (FORTITUDE-102). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000 [[2022 May 23]. Available from: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05111626. NLM Identifier: NCT05111626.
   Google Scholar
• Amgen. A study evaluating bemarituzumab in combination with other anti-cancer therapies in subjects with previously untreated advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer with fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (FGFR2b) Overexpression (FORTITUDE-103). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000 [[2022 May 23]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05322577. NLM Identifier: NCT05322577.
   Google Scholar
• Basilea Pharmaceutica. Derazantinib Alone or in Combination With Paclitaxel, Ramucirumab or Atezolizumab in Gastric Adenocarcinoma (FIDES-03). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000 [cited 2022 May 23]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04604132. NLM Identifier: NCT04604132.
   Google Scholar
• LianBio LLC. Infigratinib in Subjects With GC or GEJ With FGFR2 Amplification or Other Solid Tumors With Other FGFR Alterations (FGFR). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000; [cited 2022 May 23]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05019794. NLM Identifier: NCT05019794.
   Google Scholar
• Wuhan Union Hospital. A Single-Arm Phase II Exploratory Clinical Study of Pemigatinib in the Treatment of Advanced Gastric and Colorectal Cancer Patients With FGFR Alterations Who Have Failed Standard Therapy. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000 [[2022 May 23]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05202236. NLM Identifier: NCT05202236.
   Google Scholar
• Roche H-L. A Study of Atezolizumab Plus Tiragolumab in Combination With Paclitaxel and Cisplatin Compared With Paclitaxel and Cisplatin as First-Line Treatment in Participants With Unresectable Locally Advanced, Unresectable Recurrent, or Metastatic Esophageal Carcinoma. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000; [cited 2022 June 20]. Available from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04540211. NLM Identifier: NCT04540211.
   Google Scholar
• Wainberg Z, Matos I, Delord J, et al. Phase Ib study of the anti-TIGIT antibody tiragolumab in combination with atezolizumab in patients with metastatic esophageal cancer. Ann Oncol. 2021;32:3.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers JE, Sewastjanow-Silva M, Waters RE, et al. Esophageal cancer: emerging therapeutics. Expert Op Ther Targ. 2022;26(2):107–117.
   Google Scholar
• National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Rectal Cancer. Version 1.2022; [cited 2022 June 20]. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/rectal.pdf
   Google Scholar
• National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Prostate Cancer. Version 4.2022; [cited 2022 June 20]. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/prostate.pdf
   Google Scholar
• National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Anal Carcinoma. Version 1.2022; [cited 2022 June 20]. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/anal.pdf
   Google Scholar
• National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Head and Neck Cancers. Version 2.2022; [cited 2022 June 20]. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/head-and-neck.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Liu SL, Xi M, Yang H, et al. Is There a Correlation Between Clinical Complete Response and Pathological Complete Response After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer? Ann Surg Oncol. 2016 Jan;23(1):273–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blum-Murphy M, Xiao L, Patel VR, et al. Pathological complete response in patients with esophageal cancer after the trimodality approach: the association with baseline variables and survival-The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center experience. Cancer. 2017 Nov 1 123(21):4106–4113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo HS, Huang SF, Xu HY, et al. A nomogram based on pretreatment CT radiomics features for predicting complete response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer. Radiat Oncol. 2020;15(249). 10.1186/s13014-020-01692-3.
   Google Scholar
• Park SR, Yoon DH, Kim JH, et al. A randomized phase III trial on the role of esophagectomy in complete responders to preoperative chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESOPRESSO). Anticancer Res. 2019 Sep;39(9):5123–5133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eyck BM, van der Wilk BJ, Noordman BJ, et al. Updated protocol of the SANO trial: a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial comparing surgery with active surveillance after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer. Trials. 2021;22(345). 10.1186/s13063-021-05274-w.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon. Comparison of systematic surgery versus surveillance and rescue surgery in operable oesophageal cancer with a complete clinical response to radiochemotherapy (Esostrate). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000 [[2022 June 20]. Available from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02551458. NLM Identifier: NCT02551458.
   Google Scholar
• Cercek A, LUmish M, Sinopoli J, et al. PD-1 blockade in mismatch repair–deficient, locally advanced rectal Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2022 Jun 5 386(25):2363–2376.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ludford K, Raghav KPS, Blum-Murphy MA, et al. Safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab in mismatch repair deficient localized/locally advanced solid tumors. J Clin Onc. 2021 May 20 39(15):2520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cancer Genome Atlas Research, N. Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma. Nature. 2014;513(7517):202–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azad TD, Chaudhuri AA, Fang P, et al. Circulating tumor DNA analysis for detection of minimal residual disease after chemoradiotherapy for localized esophageal Cancer. Gastroenterology. 2020 Feb;158(3):494–505.e6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egyud M, Tejani M, Pennathur A, et al. Detection of circulating tumor DNA in plasma: a potential biomarker for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg. 2019 Aug;108(2):343–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar