References
- Afonso CL, Amarasinghe GK, Bányai K, et al. Taxonomy of the order mononegavirales: update 2016. Arch Virol. [cited 2023 Jan 18] 2016;161(8):2351–2360. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27216929/
- Kuhdari P, Brosio F, Malaventura C, et al. Human respiratory syncytial virus and hospitalization in young children in Italy. Ital J Pediatr Internet. Available from. 2018 [cited 2023 Jan 18];44(1). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29728106/
- AR F, PA H, MA F, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly and high-risk adults. N Engl J Med. 2005 [cited 2023 Jan 18];352:77. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15858184/
- Langedijk AC, Harding ER, Konya B, et al. A systematic review on global RSV genetic data: identification of knowledge gaps. Rev Med Virol. 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 20];32(3). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34543489/
- Bermúdez Barrezueta L, Del Pozo V M, López-Casillas P, et al. Variation in the seasonality of the respiratory syncytial virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. Infection. [cited 2023 Apr 18] 2022;50(4):1001–1005. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35316529/
- Soto JA, Stephens LM, Waldstein KA, et al. Current insights in the development of efficacious vaccines against RSV. Front Immunol. 2020 [cited 2023 Jan 20];11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32765520/
- Soto JA, Galvez NMS, Rivera DB, et al. From animal studies into clinical trials: the relevance of animal models to develop vaccines and therapies to reduce disease severity and prevent hRSV infection. Expert Opin Drug Discov. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2022;17(11):1237–1259. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36093605/
- Uhari M, Hietala J, Tuokko H. Risk of acute otitis media in relation to the viral etiology of infections in children. Clin Infect Dis. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 1995;20(3):521–524. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7756470/
- O’Brien KL, Baggett HC, Brooks WA, et al. Causes of severe pneumonia requiring hospital admission in children without HIV infection from Africa and Asia: the PERCH multi-country case-control study. Lancet. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2019;394(10200):757–779. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31257127/
- Makrinioti H, Hasegawa K, Lakoumentas J, et al. The role of respiratory syncytial virus- and rhinovirus-induced bronchiolitis in recurrent wheeze and asthma—A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 20];33(3). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35338734/
- Priante E, Cavicchiolo ME, Baraldi E. RSV infection and respiratory sequelae. Minerva Pediatr. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2018;70(6):623–633. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30379052/
- Sigurs N, Aljassim F, Kjellman B, et al. Asthma and allergy patterns over 18 years after severe RSV bronchiolitis in the first year of life. Thorax 2010 [cited 2023 Jan 20];65:1045–1052. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20581410/.
- Silvestri M, Sabatini F, Defilippi AC, et al. The wheezy infant - Immunological and molecular considerations. Paediatr Respir Rev 2004 [cited 2023 Jan 20];5:S81–87. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14980249/.
- Robinson CP, Busl KM. Neurologic manifestations of severe respiratory viral contagions. Crit Care Explor. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2020;2(4):e0107. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32426749/
- Bohmwald K, Gálvez NMS, Ríos M, et al. Neurologic alterations due to respiratory virus infections. Front Cell Neurosci. 2018 [cited 2023 Jan 20];12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30416428/
- Peña M, Jara C, Flores JC, et al. Severe respiratory disease caused by human respiratory syncytial virus impairs language learning during early infancy. Sci Rep. 2020 [cited 2023 Jan 20];10(1). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33349647/
- Nair H, Nokes DJ, Gessner BD, et al. Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. [cited 2023 Jan 18] 2010;375(9725):1545–1555. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20399493/
- Li Y, Wang X, Blau DM, et al. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. [cited 2023 Jan 18] 2022;399(10340):2047–2064. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35598608/
- Tin Htar M T, Yerramalla MS, Moïsi JC, et al. The burden of respiratory syncytial virus in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Infect. 2020 [cited 2023 Jan 18];148. InternetAvailable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32052719/
- Shi T, Denouel A, Tietjen AK, et al. Global disease burden estimates of respiratory syncytial virus-associated acute respiratory infection in older adults in 2015: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dis 2020 [cited 2023 Jan 18];222:S577–583. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30880339/.
- Manzoni P, Figueras-Aloy J, Simões EAF, et al. Defining the incidence and associated morbidity and mortality of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among children with chronic diseases. Infect Dis Ther. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2017;6(3):383–411. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28653300/
- Geerdink RJ, Pascoal Ramos MI, van den Hoogen LL, et al. Differential isoform expression of Allergin-1 during acute and chronic inflammation. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 28];10(12). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36444625/
- Malik A, Abdelnour J, Yousaf MN, et al. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Associated Hepatitis in Pregnancy. Cureus. 2022 [cited 2023 Apr 18];14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36545176/
- Gartlan C, Tipton T, Salguero FJ, et al. Vaccine-associated enhanced disease and pathogenic human coronaviruses. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1504.
- Kim HW, Canchola JG, Brandt CD, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants despite prior administration of antigenic inactivated vaccine. Am J Epidemiol. [cited 2023 Jan 28] 1969;89(4):422–434. https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/89/4/422/198849
- Prince GA, Hemming VG, Horswood RL, et al. Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the cotton rat. Virus Res. 1985;3(3):193–206. DOI:10.1016/0168-1702(85)90045-0
- Committee a joint statement with the F and N. Palivizumab and respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous for the prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high risk infants. Paediatr Child Health. 1999 [cited 2023 Jan 28];4:474. https://pmc/articles/PMC2827759/.
- Shah JN, Chemaly RF. Management of RSV infections in adult recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2011 [cited 2023 Jan 28];117:2755–2763. https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/117/10/2755/19531/Management-of-RSV-infections-in-adult-recipients
- Sandritter TL, Kraus DM. Respiratory syncytial virus-immunoglobulin intravenous (RSV-IGIV) for respiratory syncytial viral infections: part I. J Pediatr Health Care. [cited 2023 Jan 28] 1997;11(6):284–291. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9423415/
- Groothuis JR, Simoes E, Levin MJ, et al. Prophylactic administration of respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin to high-risk infants and young children. The Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immune Globulin Study Group. N Engl J Med. [cited 2023 Jan 28] 1993;329(21):1524–1530. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8413475/
- Connor E. Reduction of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization among premature infants and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia using respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin prophylaxis. The PREVENT Study Group. Pediatrics. 1997 [cited 2023 Jan 28];99:93–99. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8989345/
- Kamal-Bahl S, Doshi J, Campbell J. Economic analyses of respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis in high-risk infants: a systematic review. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. [cited 2023 Jan 28] 2002;156(10):1034–1041. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12361451/
- Veerman M, Reuman P, Burchfield D, et al. Cost-effectiveness of RespiGam at a university teaching hospital. Pediatrics 1997 [cited 2023 Jan 28];100:160–161. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9229713/.
- Fuller H, Del Mar C Immunoglobulin treatment for respiratory syncytial virus infection. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2023 Jan 28]; Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004883.pub2/full.
- Wasserman RL, Greener BN, Mond J. RI-002, an intravenous immunoglobulin containing high titer neutralizing antibody to RSV and other respiratory viruses for use in primary immunodeficiency disease and other immune compromised populations. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2017;13(12):1107–1119. DOI:10.1080/1744666X20171389647
- Jacque E, Chottin C, Laubreton D, et al. Hyper-enriched anti-rsv immunoglobulins nasally administered: a promising approach for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis. Front Immunol. 2021;12:2082.
- Johnson S, Oliver C, Prince GA, et al. Development of a Humanized Monoclonal Antibody (MEDI-493) with Potent in vitro and in vivo Activity against Respiratory Syncytial Virus. J Infect Dis. [cited 2023 Jan 28] 1997;176(5):1215–1224. https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/176/5/1215/831423
- Domachowske JB, Khan AA, Esser MT, et al. Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of MEDI8897, an Extended Half-life Single-dose Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F-targeting Monoclonal Antibody Administered as a Single Dose to Healthy Preterm Infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2018;37:886–892.
- Notario G, Vo P, Gooch K, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus-related hospitalization in premature infants without bronchopulmonary dysplasia: subgroup efficacy analysis of the IMpact-RSV trial by gestational age group. Pediatric Health Med Ther 2014;5:43–48. https://www.dovepress.com/respiratory-syncytial-virus-related-hospitalization-in-premature-infan-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-PHMT.
- Georgescu G, Chemaly RF. Palivizumab: where to from here? Expert Opin Biol Ther. Expert Opin Biol Ther. [cited 2023 Jan 28] 2009;9(1):139–147. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19063700/
- Kashiwagi T, Okada Y, Nomoto K. Palivizumab Prophylaxis Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Children with Immunocompromised Conditions or Down Syndrome: a Multicenter, Post-Marketing Surveillance in Japan. Pediatr Drugs. 2018 [cited 2023 Jan 28];20:97–104. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40272-017-0264-y
- Mac S, Sumner A, Duchesne-Belanger S, et al. Cost-effectiveness of Palivizumab for Respiratory Syncytial Virus: a Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2019 [cited 2023 Jan 28];143. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31040196/
- Wu H, Pfarr DS, Johnson S, et al. Development of Motavizumab, an Ultra-potent Antibody for the Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract. J Mol Biol. 2007;368(3):652–665. DOI:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.02.024
- Griffin MP, Yuan Y, Takas T, et al. Single-Dose Nirsevimab for Prevention of RSV in Preterm Infants. N Engl J Med. 2020 [cited 2023 Jan 28];383:415–425. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1913556.
- Muller WJ, Madhi SA, Nuñez BS, et al. Nirsevimab for Prevention of RSV in Term and Late-Preterm Infants. N Engl J Med. 2023 [cited 2023 Apr 19];388(16):1533–1534. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2214773
- Soto JA, Gálvez NMS, Pacheco GA, et al. Antibody development for preventing the human respiratory syncytial virus pathology. Mol Med. [cited 2023 Apr 25] 2020;26(1):1–10. https://molmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10020-020-00162-6
- Heylen E, Neyts J, Jochmans D. Drug candidates and model systems in respiratory syncytial virus antiviral drug discovery. Biochem Pharmacol. 2017 [cited 2023 Jan 20];127:1–12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27659812/
- Churiso G, Husen G, Bulbula D, et al. Immunity Cell Responses to RSV and the Role of Antiviral Inhibitors: a Systematic Review. Infect Drug Resist 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 20];15:7413–7430. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36540102/.
- Li L, Wang H, Liu A, et al. Age-Dependent Clinical Characteristics of Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in Young Hospitalized Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Infect Drug Resist. 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 20];15:5971–5979. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36262595/
- Loustaud-Ratti V, Debette-Gratien M, Jacques J, et al. Ribavirin: past, present and future. World J Hepatol. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2016;8(2):123–130. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26807208/
- Snell NJC. Ribavirin–current status of a broad spectrum antiviral agent. Expert Opin Pharmacother. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2001;2(8):1317–1324. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11585000/
- Hamelin MÈ, Prince GA, Boivin G. Effect of Ribavirin and glucocorticoid treatment in a mouse model of human metapneumovirus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2006;50(2):774–777. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16436743/
- Hruska JF, Morrow PE, Suffin SC, et al. In vivo inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus by Ribavirin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 1982;21(1):125–130. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7044296/
- Wyde PR, Wilson SZ, Petrella R, et al. Efficacy of high dose-short duration Ribavirin aerosol in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infected cotton rats and influenza B virus infected mice. Antiviral Res. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 1987;7(4):211–220. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3304159/
- Gilbert BE, Wyde PR, Ambrose MW, et al. Further studies with short duration Ribavirin aerosol for the treatment of influenza virus infection in mice and respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats. Antiviral Res. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 1992;17(1):33–42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1736809/
- Rosenberg HF, Bonville CA, Easton AJ, et al. The pneumonia virus of mice infection model for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection: identifying novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Pharmacol Ther. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2005;105(1):1–6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15626452/
- Bonville CA, Easton AJ, Rosenberg HF, et al. Altered pathogenesis of severe pneumovirus infection in response to combined antiviral and specific immunomodulatory agents. J Virol. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2003;77(2):1237–1244. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12502841/
- Hoover J, Eades S, Lam WM. Pediatric Antiviral Stewardship: defining the Potential Role of Ribavirin in Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Lower Respiratory Illness. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2018;23(5):372–378. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30429691/
- Tejada S, Martinez-Reviejo R, Karakoc HN, et al. Ribavirin for Treatment of Subjects with Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Infection: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Ther. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2022;39(9):4037–4051. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35876973/
- Trang TP, Whalen M, Hilts-Horeczko A, et al. Comparative effectiveness of aerosolized versus oral Ribavirin for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections: a single-center retrospective cohort study and review of the literature. Transpl Infect Dis. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2018;20(2):e12844. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29360277/
- Wongsurakiat P, Sunhapanit S, Muangman N. Respiratory syncytial virus-associated acute respiratory illness in adult non-immunocompromised patients: outcomes, determinants of outcomes, and the effect of oral Ribavirin treatment. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2022;16(4):767–779. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35150065/
- Zheng X, Gao L, Wang L, et al. Discovery of Ziresovir as a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein Inhibitor. J Med Chem. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2019;62(13):6315–6329. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31194544/
- Gao Y, Cao J, Xing P, et al. Evaluation of Small Molecule Combinations against Respiratory Syncytial Virus in vitro. Molecules. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2021;26(9):2607. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33946996/
- Beigel JH, Nam HH, Adams PL, et al. Advances in respiratory virus therapeutics – a meeting report from the 6th isirv Antiviral Group conference. Antiviral Res. 2019;167:45.
- Douglas JL, Panis ML, Ho E, et al. Inhibition of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion by the Small Molecule VP-14637 via Specific Interactions with F Protein. J Virol. 2003;77(9):5054. DOI:10.1128/JVI.77.9.5054-5064.2003
- Kim YI, Pareek R, Murphy R, et al. The antiviral effects of RSV fusion inhibitor, MDT‐637, on clinical isolates, vs its achievable concentrations in the human respiratory tract and comparison to Ribavirin. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2017;11(6):525. DOI:10.1111/irv.12503
- Douglas JL, Panis ML, Ho E, et al. Small Molecules VP-14637 and JNJ-2408068 Inhibit Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion by Similar Mechanisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49(6):2460. DOI:10.1128/AAC.49.6.2460-2466.2005
- Wyde PR, Laquerre S, Chetty SN, et al. Antiviral efficacy of VP14637 against respiratory syncytial virus in vitro and in cotton rats following delivery by small droplet aerosol. Antiviral Res. 2005;68(1):18–26. DOI:10.1016/j.antiviral.2005.06.009
- Cianci C, Yu KL, Combrink K, et al. Orally Active Fusion Inhibitor of Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48(2):413–422. DOI:10.1128/AAC.48.2.413-422.2004
- Cianci C, Genovesi EV, Lamb L, et al. Oral efficacy of a respiratory syncytial virus inhibitor in rodent models of infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48(7):2448–2454. DOI:10.1128/AAC.48.7.2448-2454.2004
- Feng S, Hong D, Wang B, et al. Discovery of Imidazopyridine Derivatives as Highly Potent Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2015;6(3):359. DOI:10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00008
- Rameix-Welti MA, Le Goffic R, Hervé PL, et al. Visualizing the replication of respiratory syncytial virus in cells and in living mice. Nat Commun. 2014;5(1):1–10. DOI:10.1038/ncomms6104
- Battles MB, Langedijk JP, Furmanova-Hollenstein P, et al. Molecular mechanism of respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitors. Nat Chem Biol. 2016;12(2):87. DOI:10.1038/nchembio.1982
- Roymans D, Alnajjar SS, Battles MB, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of a respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitor. Nat Commun. 2017;8:1–15.
- Martinón-Torres F, Rusch S, Huntjens D, et al. Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Antiviral Effects of Multiple Doses of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Fusion Protein Inhibitor, JNJ-53718678, in Infants Hospitalized with RSV Infection: a Randomized Phase 1b Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(10):e594. DOI:10.1093/cid/ciaa283
- Stevens M, Rusch S, DeVincenzo J, et al. Antiviral Activity of Oral JNJ-53718678 in Healthy Adult Volunteers Challenged with Respiratory Syncytial Virus: a Placebo-Controlled Study. J Infect Dis. 2018;218(5):748–756. DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiy227
- Bonfanti JF, Meyer C, Doublet F, et al. Selection of a respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitor clinical candidate. 2. Discovery of a morpholinopropylaminobenzimidazole derivative (TMC353121). J Med Chem. 2008;51(4):875–896. DOI:10.1021/jm701284j
- Olszewska W, Ispas G, Schnoeller C, et al. Antiviral and lung protective activity of a novel respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitor in a mouse model. Eur Respir J. 2011;38:401–408.
- Rouan MC, Gevers T, Roymans D, et al. Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Inhibitor in the Cotton Rat Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;54(11):4534. DOI:10.1128/AAC.00643-10
- Ispas G, Koul A, Verbeeck J, et al. Antiviral Activity of TMC353121, a Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Fusion Inhibitor, in a Non-Human Primate Model. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(5):10. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0126959
- Mackman RL, Sangi M, Sperandio D, et al. Discovery of an oral respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion inhibitor (GS-5806) and clinical proof of concept in a human RSV challenge study. J Med Chem. 2015;58(4):1630–1643. DOI:10.1021/jm5017768
- German P, Xin Y, Chien JW, et al. Phase 1 First-in-Human, Single- and Multiple-Ascending Dose, and Food Effect Studies to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Presatovir for the Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;58(8):1025–1034. DOI:10.1002/jcph.1112
- Chemaly RF, Dadwal SS, Bergeron A, et al. A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Presatovir for the Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Hematopoietic-Cell Transplant Recipients. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(11):2777–2786. DOI:10.1093/cid/ciz1166
- Marty FM, Chemaly RF, Mullane KM, et al. A Phase 2b, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Study Evaluating Antiviral Effects, Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Presatovir in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection of the Lower Respiratory Tract. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(11):2787–2795. DOI:10.1093/cid/ciz1167
- Alvarez R, Elbashir S, Borland T, et al. RNA Interference-Mediated Silencing of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Nucleocapsid Defines a Potent Antiviral Strategy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53(9):3952. DOI:10.1128/AAC.00014-09
- DeVincenzo J, Cehelsky JE, Alvarez R, et al. Evaluation of the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of ALN-RSV01, a novel RNAi antiviral therapeutic directed against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Antiviral Res. 2008;77(3):225–231. DOI:10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.11.009
- Zamora MR, Budev M, Rolfe M, et al. RNA interference therapy in lung transplant patients infected with respiratory syncytial virus. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(4):531–538. DOI:10.1164/rccm.201003-0422OC
- Gottlieb J, Zamora MR, Hodges T, et al. ALN-RSV01 for prevention of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after respiratory syncytial virus infection in lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2016;35(2):213–221. DOI:10.1016/j.healun.2015.08.012
- Chapman J, Abbott E, Alber DG, et al. RSV604, a Novel Inhibitor of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51(9):3346. DOI:10.1128/AAC.00211-07
- Challa SR, Scott AD, Yuzhakov O, et al. Mechanism of Action for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Inhibitor RSV604. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59(2):1080. DOI:10.1128/AAC.04119-14
- Chapman J, Cockerill S. Discovery and Development of RSV604. Antiviral Drugs. 2011;367–382. DOI:10.1002/9780470929353.ch26
- Rhodin MHJ, McAllister NV, Castillo J, et al. EDP-938, a novel nucleoprotein inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus, demonstrates potent antiviral activities in vitro and in a non-human primate model. PLOS Pathog. [cited 2023 May 2] 2021;17(3):e1009428. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33720995/
- Ahmad A, Eze K, Noulin N, et al. EDP-938, a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Inhibitor, in a Human Virus Challenge. N Engl J Med 2022 [cited 2023 May 2];386:655–666. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2108903.
- Risso-Ballester J, Galloux M, Cao J, et al. A condensate-hardening drug blocks RSV replication in vivo. Nature. 2021;595:596–599.
- Noton SL, Nagendra K, Dunn EF, et al. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Inhibitor AZ-27 Differentially Inhibits Different Polymerase Activities at the Promoter. J Virol. 2015;89(15):7786–7798. DOI:10.1128/JVI.00530-15
- Fordyce EAF, Brookes DW, Lise-Ciana C, et al. Discovery of novel benzothienoazepine derivatives as potent inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2017;27(10):2201–2206. DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.053
- Brookes DW, Coates M, Allen H, et al. Late therapeutic intervention with a respiratory syncytial virus L-protein polymerase inhibitor, PC786, on respiratory syncytial virus infection in human airway epithelium. Br J Pharmacol. [cited 2023 May 2] 2018;175(12):2520–2534. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29579332/
- Wang L, Zhu Q, Xiang K, et al. Discovery of a novel respiratory syncytial virus replication inhibitor. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2021;65(6):65. DOI:10.1128/AAC.02576-20
- Deval J, Hong J, Wang G, et al. Molecular Basis for the Selective Inhibition of Respiratory Syncytial Virus RNA Polymerase by 2’-Fluoro-4’-Chloromethyl-Cytidine Triphosphate. PLOS Pathog. 2015;11(6):11. DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004995
- Patel K, Kirkpatrick CM, Nieforth KA, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus-A dynamics and the effects of lumicitabine, a nucleoside viral replication inhibitor, in experimentally infected humans. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019;74(2):442–452. DOI:10.1093/jac/dky415
- Yoon JJ, Toots M, Lee S, et al. Orally Efficacious Broad-Spectrum Ribonucleoside Analog Inhibitor of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018;62(8):62. DOI:10.1128/AAC.00766-18
- Sourimant J, Lieber CM, Aggarwal M, et al. 4′-Fluorouridine is an oral antiviral that blocks respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2 replication. Science. 2022;375(6577):161–167. DOI:10.1126/science.abj5508
- McLellan JS, Chen M, Kim A, et al. Structural basis of respiratory syncytial virus neutralization by motavizumab. Nat Struct Mol Biol. [cited 2023 Jan 30] 2010;17(2):248–250. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20098425/
- Carbonell-Estrany X, Simões EAF, Dagan R, et al. Motavizumab for Prophylaxis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in High-Risk Children: a Noninferiority Trial. Pediatrics. 2010;125(1):e35–51. [cited 2023 Jan 28]. DOI:10.1542/peds.2008-1036
- Quinn LA, Shields MD, Groves HE. Respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis for prevention of recurrent childhood wheeze and asthma: a protocol for a systematic review. Syst Rev. [cited 2023 Apr 25] 2019;8(1):1–7. https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13643-019-1251-x
- Mejías A, Chávez-Bueno S, Raynor MB, et al. Motavizumab, a neutralizing anti-Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Rsv) monoclonal antibody significantly modifies the local and systemic cytokine responses induced by Rsv in the mouse model. Virol J. 2007 [cited 2023 Jan 30];4(1). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17961258/
- Ramilo O, Lagos R, Sáez-Llorens X, et al. Motavizumab treatment of infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection does not decrease viral load or severity of illness. Pediatr Infect Dis J. [cited 2023 Jan 30] 2014;33(7):703–709. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24356256/
- O’Brien KL, Chandran A, Weatherholtz R, et al. Efficacy of motavizumab for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus disease in healthy Native American infants: a phase 3 randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. [cited 2023 Jan 30] 2015;15(12):1398–1408. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26511956/
- Robbie GJ, Criste R, Dall’acqua WF, et al. A novel investigational Fc-modified humanized monoclonal antibody, motavizumab-YTE, has an extended half-life in healthy adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. [cited 2023 Jan 30] 2013;57(12):6147–6153. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24080653/
- Mazur NI, Terstappen J, Baral R, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus prevention within reach: the vaccine and monoclonal antibody landscape. Lancet Infect Dis. [cited 2023 Jan 30] 2023;23(1):e2–21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35952703/
- Tang A, Chen Z, Cox KS, et al. A potent broadly neutralizing human RSV antibody targets conserved site IV of the fusion glycoprotein. Nat Commun. 2019 [cited 2023 Jan 30];10(1). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31515478/
- Aliprantis AO, Wolford D, Caro L, et al. A phase 1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a respiratory syncytial virus neutralizing monoclonal antibody MK-1654 in Healthy Adults. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. [cited 2023 Jan 30] 2021;10(5):556–566. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33125189/
- Orito Y, Otani N, Matsumoto Y, et al. A phase I study to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of respiratory syncytial virus neutralizing monoclonal antibody MK-1654 in healthy Japanese adults. Clin Transl Sci. [cited 2023 Jan 30] 2022;15(7):1753–1763. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35506164/
- Simões EAF, Forleo-Neto E, Geba GP, et al. Suptavumab for the Prevention of Medically Attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Preterm Infants. Clin Infect Dis. [cited 2023 Jan 30] 2021;73(11):e4400–4408. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32897368/
- Zhu Q, McLellan JS, Kallewaard NL, et al. A highly potent extended half-life antibody as a potential RSV vaccine surrogate for all infants. Sci Transl Med. 2017 [cited 2023 Jan 30];9(388). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28469033/
- Hammitt LL, Dagan R, Yuan Y, et al. Nirsevimab for Prevention of RSV in Healthy Late-Preterm and Term Infants. N Engl J Med. [cited 2023 Jan 30] 2022;386(9):837–846. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35235726/
- Simões EAF, Madhi SA, Muller WJ, et al. Efficacy of nirsevimab against respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections in preterm and term infants, and pharmacokinetic extrapolation to infants with congenital heart disease and chronic lung disease: a pooled analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet Child Adolesc Health [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Jan 30]; Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36634694/.
- SJ K. Nirsevimab: first Approval. Drugs [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 30]; Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36577878/.
- Radu GU, Caidi H, Miao C, et al. Prophylactic Treatment with a G Glycoprotein Monoclonal Antibody Reduces Pulmonary Inflammation in Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)-Challenged Naive and Formalin-Inactivated RSV-Immunized BALB/c Mice. J Virol. [cited 2023 Jan 30] 2010;84(18):9632–9636. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592094/
- Boyoglu-Barnum S, Todd SO, Chirkova T, et al. An anti-G protein monoclonal antibody treats RSV disease more effectively than an anti-F monoclonal antibody in BALB/c mice. Virology. 2015 [cited 2023 Jan 30];483:117–125. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25965801/.
- Caidi H, Miao C, Thornburg NJ, et al. Anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G monoclonal antibodies reduce lung inflammation and viral lung titers when delivered therapeutically in a BALB/c mouse model. Antiviral Res 2018 [cited 2023 Jan 30];154:149–157. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29678551/.
- Fausther-Bovendo H, Hamelin ME, Carbonneau J, et al. A Candidate Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Inhibits Both HRSV and HMPV Replication in Mice. Biomedicines. [cited 2023 Apr 25] 2022;10(10):2516. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/10/2516/htm
- Corti D, Bianchi S, Vanzetta F, et al. Cross-neutralization of four paramyxoviruses by a human monoclonal antibody. Nature. 2013 [cited 2023 Apr 25];501:439–443. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12442.
- Schuster JE, Cox RG, Hastings AK, et al. A Broadly Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody Exhibits in vivo Efficacy Against Both Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus. J Infect Dis. [cited 2023 Apr 25] 2015;211(2):216–225. https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/211/2/216/860550
- Zhu Q, McAuliffe JM, Patel NK, et al. Analysis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Preclinical and Clinical Variants Resistant to Neutralization by Monoclonal Antibodies Palivizumab and/or Motavizumab. J Infect Dis. [cited 2023 Apr 19] 2011;203(5):674. https://pmc/articles/PMC3072724/
- Zhu Q, Lu B, Mctamney P, et al. Prevalence and Significance of Substitutions in the Fusion Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Resulting in Neutralization Escape from Antibody MEDI8897. J Infect Dis. [cited 2023 Apr 19] 2018;218(4):572–580. https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/218/4/572/4956802
- Asaadi Y, Jouneghani FF, Janani S, et al. A comprehensive comparison between camelid nanobodies and single chain variable fragments. Biomark Res. 2021 [cited 2023 Jan 20];9(1). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34863296/
- Rodriguez-Fernandez R, Mejias A, Ramilo O. Monoclonal Antibodies for Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2021;40(5S):S35–39. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34042909/
- Ma H, O’Kennedy R. The Structure of Natural and Recombinant Antibodies. Methods Mol Biol. 2015 [cited 2023 Jan 20];1348:7–11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26424258/
- Chames P, Van Regenmortel M, Weiss E, et al. Therapeutic antibodies: successes, limitations and hopes for the future. Br J Pharmacol. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2009;157(2):220–233. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19459844/
- Yang EY, Shah K. Nanobodies: next Generation of Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Front Oncol. 2020;10. [cited 2023 Jan 20]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32793488/
- Muyldermans S. Applications of Nanobodies. Ann Rev Anim Biosci. [cited 2023 Jan 20] 2021;9(1):401–421. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33233943/
- Kulkarni SS, Falzarano D. Unique aspects of adaptive immunity in camelids and their applications. Mol Immunol. 2021 [cited 2023 Jan 20];134:102–108. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33751993/
- Pillay TS, Muyldermans S. Application of Single-Domain Antibodies (“Nanobodies”) to Laboratory Diagnosis. Ann Lab Med. [cited 2023 Apr 25] 2021;41(6):549–558. https://www.annlabmed.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.3343/alm.2021.41.6.549
- Van Heeke G, Allosery K, De Brabandere V, et al. Nanobodies® as inhaled biotherapeutics for lung diseases. Pharmacol Ther. 2017 [cited 2023 Jan 20];169:47–56. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27373507/.
- Jovčevska I, Muyldermans S. The Therapeutic Potential of Nanobodies. BioDrugs. 2020 [cited 2023 May 2];34:11. https://pmc/articles/PMC6985073/
- Klarenbeek A, El Mazouari K, Desmyter A, et al. Camelid Ig V genes reveal significant human homology not seen in therapeutic target genes, providing for a powerful therapeutic antibody platform. MAbs. 2015 [cited 2023 May 2];7:693. https://pmc/articles/PMC4622956/
- Ackaert C, Smiejkowska N, Xavier C, et al. Immunogenicity Risk Profile of Nanobodies. Front Immunol. 2021;12:578.
- Bannas P, Well L, Lenz A, et al. In vivo near-infrared fluorescence targeting of T cells: comparison of nanobodies and conventional monoclonal antibodies. Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2014 [cited 2023 May 2];9(2):135–142. DOI:10.1002/cmmi.1548
- Bannas P, Lenz A, Kunick V, et al. Molecular imaging of tumors with nanobodies and antibodies: timing and dosage are crucial factors for improved in vivo detection. Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2015 [cited 2023 May 2];10(5):367–378. 10.1002/cmmi.1637
- Papp KA, Weinberg MA, Morris A, et al. IL17A/F nanobody sonelokimab in patients with plaque psoriasis: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b study. Lancet 2021 [cited 2023 May 2];397:1564–1575. http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673621004402/fulltext .
- Vincke C, Loris R, Saerens D, et al. General strategy to humanize a camelid single-domain antibody and identification of a universal humanized nanobody scaffold. J Biol Chem 2009 [cited 2023 May 2];284:3273–3284. http://www.jbc.org/article/S0021925819818914/fulltext
- Holland MC, Wurthner JU, Morley PJ, et al. Autoantibodies to variable heavy (VH) chain Ig sequences in humans impact the safety and clinical pharmacology of a VH domain antibody antagonist of TNF-α receptor 1. J Clin Immunol. [cited 2023 May 2] 2013;33(7):1192–1203. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10875-013-9915-0
- Kolkman JA, Law DA. Nanobodies – from llamas to therapeutic proteins. Drug Discov Today Technol. 2010;7(2):e139–146.
- Hussen J, Schuberth HJ. Recent Advances in Camel Immunology. Front Immunol. 2021 [cited 2023 Jan 20];11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33569060/
- Weinstein JB, Bates TA, Leier HC, et al. A potent alpaca-derived nanobody that neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants. iScience. 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 20];25:103960. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35224467/
- Hultberg A, Temperton NJ, Rosseels V, et al. Llama-derived single domain antibodies to build multivalent, superpotent and broadened neutralizing anti-viral molecules. PLoS ONE. [cited 2023 Jan 30] 2011;6(4):e17665. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21483777/
- Vanlandschoot P, Stortelers C, Beirnaert E, et al. Nanobodies®: new ammunition to battle viruses. Antiviral Res. [cited 2023 Jan 30] 2011;92(3):389–407. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21939690/
- Schepens B, Ibañez LI, De Baets S, et al. Nanobodies® specific for respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein protect against infection by inhibition of fusion. J Infect Dis. [cited 2023 Jan 30] 2011;204(11):1692–1701. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21998474/
- Detalle L, Stohr T, Palomo C, et al. Generation and Characterization of ALX-0171, a Potent Novel Therapeutic Nanobody for the Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. [cited 2023 Jan 30] 2015;60(1):6–13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26438495/
- Broadbent L, Parke HG, Ferguson LJ, et al. Comparative Therapeutic Potential of ALX-0171 and Palivizumab against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Clinical Isolate Infection of Well-Differentiated Primary Pediatric Bronchial Epithelial Cell Cultures. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 [cited 2023 Jan 30];64(2). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31767728/
- Larios Mora A, Detalle L, Gallup JM, et al. Delivery of ALX-0171 by inhalation greatly reduces respiratory syncytial virus disease in newborn lambs. MAbs 2018 [cited 2023 Jan 30];10:778–795. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29733750/.
- Xing Y, Proesmans M. New therapies for acute RSV infections: where are we? Eur J Pediatr. [cited 2023 Jan 30] 2019;178(2):131–138. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30610420/
- Mei Y, Chen Y, Sivaccumar JP, et al. Research progress and applications of nanobody in human infectious diseases. Front Pharmacol. 2022 [[cited 2023 Jan 30];13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36034845/
- Cunningham S, Piedra PA, Martinon-Torres F, et al. Nebulised ALX-0171 for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in hospitalised children: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial. Lancet Respir Med. [cited 2023 Jan 30] 2021;9(1):21–32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33002427/
- Reina J, Iglesias C. EDP-938, un nuevo antiviral con actividad inhibidora frente a la nucleoproteína del virus respiratorio sincitial. Rev Esp Quimioter. [cited 2023 May 2] 2023;36(1):26. https://pmc/articles/PMC9910671/