Mixing alcohol and energy drinks: associations with risk-taking, alcohol consumption and motivations in a New Zealand sample

References

• Alford, C., Hamilton-Morris, J., & Verster, J. C. (2012). The effects of energy drink in combination with alcohol on performance and subjective awareness. Psychopharmacology, 222(3), 519–532. doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2677-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arria, A. M., Caldeira, K. M., Kasperski, S. J., O’Grady, K. E., Vincent, K. B., Griffiths, R. R., & Wish, E. D. (2010). Increased alcohol consumption, nonmedical prescription drug use, and illicit drug use are associated with energy drink consumption among college students. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 4(2), 74. doi:10.1097/ADM.0b013e3181aa8dd4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attwood, A. S., Rogers, P. J., Ataya, A. F., Adams, S., & Munafò, M. R. (2012). Effects of caffeine on alcohol-related changes in behavioural control and perceived intoxication in light caffeine consumers. Psychopharmacology, 221(4), 551–560. doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2601-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson, S., Verster, J. C., Alford, C., & Scholey, A. (2014). Effects of mixing alcohol with caffeinated beverages on subjective intoxication: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 47, 16–21. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonar, E. E., Cunningham, R. M., Polshkova, S., Chermack, S. T., Blow, F. C., & Walton, M. A. (2015). Alcohol and energy drink use among adolescents seeking emergency department care. Addictive Behaviors, 43, 11–17. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.11.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brache, K., & Stockwell, T. (2011). Drinking patterns and risk behaviors associated with combined alcohol and energy drink consumption in college drinkers. Addictive Behaviors, 36(12), 1133–1140. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Core Team. (2018). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from https://www.R-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• de Haan, L., de Haan, H. A., van der Palen, J., Olivier, B., & Verster, J. C. (2012). Effects of consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks versus consuming alcohol only on overall alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences. International Journal of General Medicine, 5, 953.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Droste, N., Tonner, L., Zinkiewicz, L., Pennay, A., Lubman, D. I., & Miller, P. (2014). Combined alcohol and energy drink use: Motivations as predictors of consumption patterns, risk of alcohol dependence, and experience of injury and aggression. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 38(7), 2087–2095. doi:10.1111/acer.12438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forward, J., Akhurst, J., Bruno, R., Leong, X., VanderNiet, A., Bromfield, H., … Peacock, A. (2017). Nature versus intensity of intoxication: Co-ingestion of alcohol and energy drinks and the effect on objective and subjective intoxication. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 180, 292–303. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.08.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinz, A. J., de Wit, H., Lilje, T. C., & Kassel, J. D. (2013). The combined effects of alcohol, caffeine, and expectancies on subjective experience, impulsivity, and risk-taking. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 21(3), 222. doi:10.1037/a0032337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, S. J., Alford, C., Stewart, K., & Verster, J. C. (2016). A UK student survey investigating the effects of consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks on overall alcohol consumption and alcohol-related negative consequences. Preventive Medicine Reports, 4, 496–501. doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.09.005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson, S. J., Alford, C., Stewart, K., & Verster, J. C. (2018). Are energy drinks unique mixers in terms of their effects on alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences? International Journal of General Medicine, 11, 15. doi:10.2147/IJGM.S143476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallett, K. A., Marzell, M., Scaglione, N., Hultgren, B., & Turrisi, R. (2014). Are all alcohol and energy drink users the same? Examining individual variation in relation to alcohol mixed with energy drink use, risky drinking, and consequences. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28(1), 97. doi:10.1037/a0032203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallett, K. A., Scaglione, N., Reavy, R., & Turrisi, R. (2015). Longitudinal patterns of alcohol mixed with energy drink use among college students and their associations with risky drinking and problems. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 76(3), 389–396. doi:10.15288/jsad.2015.76.389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marczinski, C. A., & Fillmore, M. T. (2014). Energy drinks mixed with alcohol: What are the risks? Nutrition Reviews, 72, 98–107. doi:10.1111/nure.12127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marczinski, C. A., Fillmore, M. T., Bardgett, M. E., & Howard, M. A. (2011). Effects of energy drinks mixed with alcohol on behavioral control: Risks for college students consuming trendy cocktails. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 35(7), 1282–1292. doi:10.1111/acer.2011.35.issue-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marczinski, C. A., Fillmore, M. T., Henges, A. L., Ramsey, M. A., & Young, C. R. (2013). Mixing an energy drink with an alcoholic beverage increases motivation for more alcohol in college students. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 37(2), 276–283. doi:10.1111/acer.2013.37.issue-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martz, M. E., Patrick, M. E., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2015). Alcohol mixed with energy drink use among US 12th-grade students: Prevalence, correlates, and associations with unsafe driving. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(5), 557–563. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.01.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKetin, R., & Coen, A. (2014). The effect of energy drinks on the urge to drink alcohol in young adults. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 38(8), 2279–2285. doi:10.1111/acer.2014.38.issue-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien, M. C., McCoy, T. P., Rhodes, S. D., Wagoner, A., & Wolfson, M. (2008). Caffeinated cocktails: Energy drink consumption, high‐risk drinking, and alcohol‐related consequences among college students. Academic Emergency Medicine, 15(5), 453–460. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00085.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick, M. E., & Maggs, J. L. (2014). Energy drinks and alcohol: Links to alcohol behaviors and consequences across 56 days. Journal of Adolescent Health, 54(4), 454–459. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.09.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peacock, A., Bruno, R., & Martin, F. H. (2012). The subjective physiological, psychological, and behavioral risk‐taking consequences of alcohol and energy drink co‐ingestion. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 36(11), 2008–2015. doi:10.1111/acer.2012.36.issue-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peacock, A., Bruno, R., Martin, F. H., & Carr, A. (2013). The impact of alcohol and energy drink consumption on intoxication and risk‐taking behavior. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 37(7), 1234–1242. doi:10.1111/acer.2013.37.issue-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peacock, A., Droste, N., Pennay, A., Lubman, D. I., Miller, P., Newcombe, D., & Bruno, R. (2015). Self‐reported risk‐taking behavior during matched‐frequency sessions of alcohol versus combined alcohol and energy drinks consumption: Does co‐ingestion increase risk‐taking? Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 39(5), 911–918. doi:10.1111/acer.2015.39.issue-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peacock, A., Pennay, A., Droste, N., Bruno, R., & Lubman, D. I. (2014). ‘High’risk? A systematic review of the acute outcomes of mixing alcohol with energy drinks. Addiction, 109(10), 1612–1633. doi:10.1111/add.12622
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennay, A., Miller, P., Busija, L., Jenkinson, R., Droste, N., Quinn, B., … Lubman, D. I. (2015). ‘Wide‐awake drunkenness’? Investigating the association between alcohol intoxication and stimulant use in the night‐time economy. Addiction, 110(2), 356–365. doi:10.1111/add.12742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price, S. R., Hilchey, C. A., Darredeau, C., Fulton, H. G., & Barrett, S. P. (2010). Energy drink co‐administration is associated with increased reported alcohol ingestion. Drug and Alcohol Review, 29(3), 331–333. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00163.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossheim, M. E., Suzuki, S., & Thombs, D. L. (2013). Letter to the editor in regard to Peacock, Bruno, and Martin (2012): “TheSubjective physiological, psychological, and behavioral risk‐taking consequences of alcohol and energy drink co‐ingestion” misleading results and unjustified conclusions. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 37(12), 2168–2170. doi:10.1111/acer.2013.37.issue-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thombs, D. L., O’Mara, R. J., Tsukamoto, M., Rossheim, M. E., Weiler, R. M., Merves, M. L., & Goldberger, B. A. (2010). Event-level analyses of energy drink consumption and alcohol intoxication in bar patrons. Addictive Behaviors, 35(4), 325–330. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.11.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van de Loo, A. J., van Andel, N., van Gelder, C. A., Janssen, B. S., Titulaer, J., Jansen, J., & Verster, J. C. (2016). The effects of alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) on subjective intoxication and alertness: Results from a double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 31(3), 200–205. doi:10.1002/hup.2529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varvil‐Weld, L., Marzell, M., Turrisi, R., Mallett, K. A., & Cleveland, M. J. (2013). Examining the relationship between alcohol‐energy drink risk profiles and high‐risk drinking behaviors. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 37(8), 1410–1416. doi:10.1111/acer.2013.37.issue-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velazquez, C. E., Poulos, N. S., Latimer, L. A., & Pasch, K. E. (2012). Associations between energy drink consumption and alcohol use behaviors among college students. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 123(1–3), 167–172. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.11.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verster, J. C., Aufricht, C., & Alford, C. (2012). Energy drinks mixed with alcohol: Misconceptions, myths, and facts. International Journal of General Medicine, 5, 187. doi:10.2147/IJGM
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Verster, J. C., Benson, S., Johnson, S. J., Alford, C., Godefroy, S. B., & Scholey, A. (2018). Alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED): A critical review and meta‐analysis. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 33(2), e2650. doi:10.1002/hup.v33.2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verster, J. C., Benson, S., Johnson, S. J., Scholey, A., & Alford, C. (2016). Mixing alcohol with energy drink (AMED) and total alcohol consumption: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 31(1), 2–10. doi:10.1002/hup.2513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verster, J. C., Benson, S., & Scholey, A. (2014). Motives for mixing alcohol with energy drinks and other nonalcoholic beverages, and consequences for overall alcohol consumption. International Journal of General Medicine, 7, 285. doi:10.2147/IJGM.S61795
   PubMedGoogle Scholar