References
- Ahlbom, A., Olsson, U. A., & Pershagen, G. (1997). Health hazards of moist snuff. National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, 11, 27–28.
- Bauman, K. E., Foshee, V. A., Linzer, M. A., & Koch, G. G. (1990). Effect of parental smoking classification on the association between parental and adolescent smoking. Addictive Behaviors, 15(5), 413–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(90)90027-U
- Biglan, A., Duncan, T. E., Ary, D. V., & Smolkowski, K. (1995). Peer and parental influences on adolescent tobacco use. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 18(4), 315–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01857657
- Blackford, K. A., Bailey, P. H., & Coutu-Wakulczyk, G. M. (1994). Tobacco use in northeastern Ontario teenagers: Prevalence of use and associated factors. Canadian Journal of Public Health= Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique, 85(2), 89–92. https://europepmc.org/article/med/8012924
- Botvin, G. J., Baker, E., Botvin, E. M., Dusenbury, L., Cardwell, J., & Diaz, T. (1993). Factors promoting cigarette smoking among black youth: A causal modeling approach. Addictive Behaviours, 18(4), 397–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(93)90056-F
- Boyle, M. H., Sanford, M., Szatmari, P., Merikangas, K., & Offord, D. R. (2001). Familial influences on substance use by adolescents and young adults. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 92(3), 206–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03404307
- Burchfiel, C. M., Higgins, M. W., Keller, J. B., Butler, W. J., & Donahue, R. P. (1989). Initiation of cigarette smoking in children and adolescents of Tecumseh, Michigan. American Journal of Epidemiology, 130(2), 410–415. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115349
- Covey, L. S., & Tam, D. (1990). Depressive mood, the single-parent home, and adolescent cigarette smoking. American Journal of Public Health, 80(11), 1330–1333. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.80.11.1330
- Creswell, W. H., Huffman, W. J., & Stone, D. B. (1970). Youth smoking: Behavior characteristics and their educational implications (A Report of the University of Illinois Anti-Smoking Education Study). University of Illinois.
- Emmanuel, S. C., Ho, C. K., & Chen, A. J. (1991). Cigarette smoking among school children in Singapore. Part III–knowledge and attitudes towards smoking. Singapore medical Journal, 32(4), 233–237. https://europepmc.org/article/med/1776000
- Gfellner, B. M. (1994). A matched-group comparison of drug use and problem behavior among Canadian Indian and white adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 14(1), 24–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431694014001003
- Henningfield, J. E., & Fagerstrom, K. O. (2001). Swedish Match Company, Swedish snus and public health: A harm reduction experiment in progress? Tobacco Control, 10(3), 253–257. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.10.3.253
- Horn, K. A., Gao, X., Dino, G. A., & Kamal-Bahl, S. (2000). Determinants of youth tobacco use in West Virginia: A comparison of smoking and smokeless tobacco use. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 26(1), 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1081/ADA-100100595
- Idris, A. M., Ibrahim, S. O., Vasstrand, E. N., Johannessen, A. C., Lillehaug, J. R., Magnusson, B., Wallström, M., Hirsch, J.-M., & Nilsen, R. (1998). The Swedish snus and the Sudanese toombak: Are they different? Oral Oncology, 34(6), 558–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1368-8375(98)00047-5
- Isohanni, M., Moilanen, I., & Rantakallio, P. (1991). Determinants of teenage smoking, with special reference to non‐standard family background. Addiction, 86(4), 391–398. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb03416.x
- Millar, W. J. (1985). Smoking prevalence among Canadian adolescents. A comparison of survey estimates. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 76(1), 33–37. https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=12194899
- Millar, W. J., & Hunter, L. (1990). The relationship between socioeconomic status and household smoking patterns in Canada. American Journal of Health Promotion, 5(1), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-5.1.36
- Murray, D. M., Roche, L. M., Goldman, A. I., & Whitbeck, J. (1988). Smokeless tobacco use among ninth graders in a north-central metropolitan population: Cross-sectional and prospective associations with age, gender, race, family structure, and other drug use. Preventive Medicine, 17(4), 449–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(88)90044-8
- Newman, I. M., & Ward, J. M. (1989). The influence of parental attitude and behavior on early adolescent cigarette smoking. Journal of School Health, 59(4), 150–152. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1989.tb04688.x
- Pal, T. (2011). Geography of urban cobblers (Muchi or Shoemaker): An over-view in Bolpur Town, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(3), 238, 245.
- Pedersen, W., & Lavik, N. J. (1991). Role modelling and cigarette smoking: Vulnerable working class girls? A longitudinal study. Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine, 19(2), 110–115. https://doi.org/10.1177/140349489101900206
- Simon, T. R., Sussman, S., Dent, C. W., Burton, D., & Flay, B. R. (1993). Correlates of exclusive or combined use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco among male adolescents. Addictive Behaviours, 18(6), 623–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(93)90016-3
- Stanton, W. R., Oei, T. P., & Silva, P. A. (1994). Sociodemographic characteristics of adolescent smokers. International Journal of the Addictions, 29(7), 913–925. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826089409047917
- Stephens, T., & Fowler Graham, D. (1993). Canada’s health promotion survey 1990: technical report. Minister of Supply and Services, 139–150.
- Tuakli, N., Smith, M. A., & Heaton, C. (1990). Smoking in adolescence: Methods for health education and smoking cessation, a MIRNET study. Journal of Family Practice, 31(4), 369–375. https://mdedge-files-live.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/files/s3fs-public/jfp-archived-issues/1990-volume_30-31/JFP_1990-10_v31_i4_smoking-in-adolescence-methods-for-healt.pdf
- Turner, R. A., Irwin, C. E., Jr, & Millstein, S. G. (2014). Family structure, family processes, and experimenting with substances during adolescence. Risks and Problem Behaviors in Adolescence, 1(11), 229–247. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr=&id=xBjKAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA229&dq=Turner,+R.+A.,++Irwin,+C.+E.,+Jr,+%26+Millstein,+S.+G.+(2014).+Family+structure,+Q10+family+processes,+and+experimenting+with+substances+during+adolescence.+Risks+and+Problem+Behaviors+in+Adolescence,+1(11),+229%E2%80%93247.&ots=duP_nGho3o&sig=5m4ulLFzTh0VTFt6-2R0M7OenUs&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
- Wang, S. Q., Yu, J. J., Zhu, B. P., Liu, M., & He, G. Q. (1994). Cigarette smoking and its risk factors among senior high school students in Beijing, China, 1988. Tobacco Control, 3(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.3.2.107
- Zhu, B. P., Liu, M., Shelton, D., Liu, S., & Giovino, G. A. (1996). Cigarette smoking and its risk factors among elementary school students in Beijing. American Journal of Public Health, 86(3), 368–375. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.86.3.368