References
- Adolfsson, E. T., Smide, B., Gregeby, E., Fernström, L., & Wikblad, K. (2004). Implementing empowerment group education in diabetes. Patient Education and Counseling, 53(3), 319–324. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2003.07.009
- Andrews, J. A., Tildesley, E., Hops, H., & Li, F. (2002). The influence of peers on young adult substance use. Health Psychology, 21(4), 349. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.21.4.349
- Babanov, S. A. (2006). The epidemiological characteristics of tobacco smoking. Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Meditsinskikh Nauk, (8), 27–29. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17002023/
- Bandura, A. (2004). Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Education & Behavior, 31(2), 143–164. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198104263660
- Barati, M., Allahverdipour, H., Moeini, B., Nasab, A. F., Mahjub, H., & Jalilian, F. (2011). Assertiveness skills training efficiency on college students’ persuasive subjective norms against substance abuse. Scientific Journal of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 18(3), 40–49. http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-224-en.html
- Barati, M., Allahverdipour, H., Moinei, B., Farhadinasab, A., & Mahjub, H. (2011). Evaluation of theory of planned behavior-based education in prevention of MDMA (ecstasy) use among university students. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 33(3), 20–29. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=211851
- Bashirian, S., Hidarnia, A., Verdi Pour, H., & Hajizade, E. (2013). Investigating the relationship between self-control and adolescents’ tendency to use drugs. Avicenna Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care (Scientific Journal of Hamadan Nursing & Midwifery Faculty), 20(1), 45–53. http://nmj.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1106-en.html
- Christophi, C. A., Savvides, E. C. G., Warren, C. W., Demokritou, P., & Connolly, G. N. (2009). Main determinants of cigarette smoking in youth based on the 2006 Cyprus GYTS. Preventive Medicine, 48(3), 232–236. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.01.003
- De Vries, H., Engels, R., Kremers, S., Wetzels, J., & Mudde, A. (2003). Parents’ and friends’ smoking status as predictors of smoking onset: Findings from six European countries. Health Education Research, 18(5), 627–636. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyg032
- Delpia, Y. V., Murti, B., & Suryani, N. (2016). Theory of planned behavior: Analysis of factors affecting the preventive behaviors of alcohol consumption and smoking among students from West Kalimantan, in YOGYAKARTA. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior, 1(2), 62–69. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.02.01
- Drapela, L. A., Gebelt, J. L., & McRee, N. (2006). Pubertal development, choice of friends, and smoking initiation among adolescent males. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(5), 715. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-006-9101-2
- Duncan, L. R., Pearson, E. S., & Maddison, R. (2018). Smoking prevention in children and adolescents: A systematic review of individualized interventions. Patient Education and Counseling, 101(3), 375–388. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2017.09.011
- Elhani, F., Niknami, S., Kimiagar, S., Kazemnejad, A., & Heydarnia, A. (2003). Empowerment of a family-oriented pattern and its effects on prevention of iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls. Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences (PEJOUHANDEH), 8(4 (34)), 283–290. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=5439
- Ellickson, S., Tucker, J. S., Klein, D. J., & McGuigan, K. A. (2001). Prospective risk factors for alcohol misuse in late adolescence. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 62(6), 773–782. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2001.62.773
- Engels, R. C., Hale III, W. W., Noom, M., & Vries, H. D. (2005). Self-efficacy and emotional adjustment as precursors of smoking in early adolescence. Substance Use & Misuse, 40(12), 1883–1893. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10826080500259612
- Epstein, J. A., Botvin, G. J., & Diaz, T. (1999). Social influence and psychological determinants of smoking among inner-city adolescents. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 8(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J029v08n03_01
- Epstein, J. A., Griffin, K. W., & Botvin, G. J. (2000). A model of smoking among inner-city adolescents: The role of personal competence and perceived social benefits of smoking. Preventive Medicine, 31(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2000.0674
- Funnell, M. M., & Anderson, R. M. (2004). Empowerment and self-management of diabetes. Clinical Diabetes, 22(3), 123–127. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2337/diaclin.22.3.123
- Gorini, G., Carreras, G., Bosi, S., Tamelli, M., Monti, C., Storani, S., Martini, A., Allara, E., Angelini, P., & Faggiano, F. (2014). Effectiveness of a school-based multi-component smoking prevention intervention: The LdP cluster randomized controlled trial. Preventive Medicine, 61, 6–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.01.004
- Haghighi, J., Mousavi, M., Mehrabzadeh Honarmand, M., & Beshlide, K. (2006). The effect of life skills training on mental health and self-esteem of female first grade high school students in Ilam. Journal of Education and Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 1(13), 61–78. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=65255
- Hassan, L. M., & Shiu, E. M. (2007). Gender differences in low‐risk single‐occasion drinking: An application of the theory of planned behaviour. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 31(4), 317–325. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2006.00555.x
- Hebert, K. K., Cummins, S. E., Hernández, S., Tedeschi, G. J., & Zhu, S.-H. (2011). Current major depression among smokers using a state quitline. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 40(1), 47–53. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2010.09.030
- Henderson, S., Lewis, I., Howell, R., & Rayner, K. (1981). Mental health and the use of alcohol, tobacco, analgesics and vitamins in a secondary school population. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 63(2), 186–189. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00664.x
- Hiemstra, M., Ringlever, L., Otten, R., van Schayck, O. C., Jackson, C., & Engels, R. C. (2014). Long-term effects of a home-based smoking prevention program on smoking initiation: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Preventive Medicine, 60, 65–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.12.012
- Huang, Y.-P., & Flores, L. Y. (2011). Exploring the validity of the problem-solving inventory with Mexican American high school students. Journal of Career Assessment, 19(4), 431–441. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072711409720
- Isensee, B., Hansen, J., Maruska, K., & Hanewinkel, R. (2014). Effects of a school-based prevention programme on smoking in early adolescence: A 6-month follow-up of the ‘Eigenständig werden’cluster randomised trial. BMJ Open, 4(1), e004422. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004422
- Jackson, K. M., & Sher, K. J. (2003). Alcohol use disorders and psychological distress: A prospective state-trait analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112(4), 599. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.112.4.599
- Jalilian, F., Allahverdipour, H., Moinei, B., Moghimbeigi, A., Barati, M., & Mirzaei, A. M. (2011). Prevention of anabolic steroids use among gym users: Application of peer education approach. 2(32), 45–56. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=259498
- Karimy, M., Niknami, S., Heidarnia, A. R., Hajizadeh, E., & Shamsi, M. (2013). Refusal self efficacy, self esteem, smoking refusal skills and water pipe (Hookah) smoking among Iranian male adolescents. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 14(12), 7283–7288. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.12.7283
- Karimy, M., Niknami, S., Heidarnia, A. R., & Hajizadeh, I. (2013). The effect of an educational program based on Kemp model on smoking refusal ability in the male adolescents. Daneshvar, 20(106), 55–62. https://www.sid.ir/en/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=375397
- Kear, M. E. (2002). Psychosocial determinants of cigarette smoking among college students. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 19(4), 245–257. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327655jchn1904_05
- Khajehdaluee, M., Zavar, A., Alidoust, M., & Pourandi, R. (2013). The relation of self-esteem and illegal drug usage in high school students. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 15(11), e7682. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.7682
- Khodayari, M. T., Abadi, A., & Asghari Jafarabadi, M. (2018). Gender-based differences in associations between attitude and self-esteem with smoking behavior among adolescents: A secondary analysis applying bayesian nonparametric functional latent variable model. International Journal of Pediatrics, 6(2), 7081–7094. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22038/IJP.2017.27232.2344
- Khosravi, A., Mohammadpoorasl, A., Holakouie-Naieni, K., Mahmoodi, M., Pouyan, A. A., & Mansournia, M. A. (2016). Causal effect of self-esteem on cigarette smoking stages in adolescents: Coarsened exact matching in a longitudinal study. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, 7(6), 341–345. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.10.003
- Lindacher, V., Curbach, J., Warrelmann, B., Brandstetter, S., & Loss, J. (2018). Evaluation of empowerment in health promotion interventions: A systematic review. Evaluation & the Health Professions, 41(3), 351–392. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0163278716688065
- Marr-Lyon, L., Y., K., & Quintero, G. (2008). An evaluation of youth empowerment tobacco prevention programs in the Southwest. Journal of Drug Education, 38(1), 39–53.
- McClave, A. K., Dube, S. R., Strine, T. W., & Mokdad, A. H. (2009). Associations between health-related quality of life and smoking status among a large sample of US adults. Preventive Medicine, 48(2), 173–179. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.11.012
- Meeks, L. B., Heit, P., & Page, R. M. (2007). Comprehensive school health education (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Moghaddam, M. F., Asli, F., Rakhshani, T., & Taravatmanesh, S. (2016). The relationship between parenting styles and aggression in adolescents of Zahedan city in 2014. Shiraz E Medical Journal, 17(7–8), e38515, 5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5812/semj.82145
- Mohammadkhani, S. (2012). Prevalence of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and illegal drugs use among Iranian adolescents. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 19(1), 32–48. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=259882
- Mohammadpoorasl, A., Fakhari, A., Rostami, F., Shamsipour, M., Rashidian, H., & Goreishizadeh, M. A. (2010). Predictors of transition in different stages of smoking: A longitudinal study. Addiction & Health, 2(1–2), 49. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3905501/pdf/AHJ-02-049.pdf
- Nazari, M., Hosseini, M. R., & Kaveh, M. H. (2013). The impact of education on smoking refrain based on the theory of planned behavior on Shiraz high school students’ attitudes. Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System, 1(2), 83–88. https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42740_6ad5e70617f2716dfcdc71173e8722
- Niknami, S., Akbari, M., Ahmadi, F., Babaee Rouchi, G., & Heidarnia, A. (2008). Smoking initiation among Iranian adolescents: A qualitative study. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 16(6), 1290–1300. http://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-14-2008/volume-14-issue-6/06.html
- Panahi, R., Ramezankhani, A., Tavousi, M., Osmani, F., Karami, A., & Niknami, S. (2018). Effect of educational intervention on health literacy and adoption of smoking preventive behaviors among university students. Journal of Education and Community Health, 5(2), 26–35. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21859/jech.5.2.26
- Rakhshani, F., Abdolatif, E., Charkazi, A., Haftsavar, M., Shahnazi, H., & Jan, E. A. (2010). Effect of education on smoking prevention in students of Zahedan. Journal of Education and Community Health, 4(2), 44–54. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=201332
- Roddenberry, A., & Renk, K. (2010). Locus of control and self-efficacy: Potential mediators of stress, illness, and utilization of health services in college students. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 41(4), 353–370. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-010-0173-6
- Romans, S. E., McNoe, B., Herbison, G., Walton, V., & Mullen, P. (1993). Cigarette smoking and psychiatric morbidity in women. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 27(3), 399–404. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3109/00048679309075795
- Solhi, M., Abasi, H., Hazavehei, M. M., & Roshanaei, G. (2014). Effect of educational intervention on empowerment of high school student in prevention of smoking. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, 21(118), 52–63. http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3003-en.html
- Soria-Esojo, M., Velasco-Garrido, J., Hidalgo-Sanjuán, M., de Luiz-martínez, G., Fernández-Aguirre, C., & Rosales-Jaldo, M. (2005). Smoking prevention intervention among secondary school students in the spanish province of Malaga. Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition), 41(12), 654–658. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60332-7
- Tangency, J. P., Baumeister, R., & Boone, A. L. (2004). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality, 72(2), 271–324. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x
- Vafaei, B., & Shaham Far, J. (2005). Effective factors in tendency towards cigarette smoking among Tabrizian high school students. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 7(1), 57–62. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=44731
- Vuolo, M., & Staff, J. (2013). Parent and child cigarette use: A longitudinal, multigenerational study. Pediatrics, 132(3), e568–e577. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-0067
- Wills, T. A., & Stoolmiller, M. (2002). The role of self-control in early escalation of substance use: A time-varying analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(4), 986. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.70.4.986
- Wills, T. A., Vaccaro, D., & McNamara, G. (1992). The role of life events, family support, and competence in adolescent substance use: A test of vulnerability and protective factors. American Journal of Community Psychology, 20(3), 349–374. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937914
- Wright, D. R., & Fitzpatrick, K. M. (2004). Psychosocial correlates of substance use behaviors among African American youth. Adolescence, 39(156), 653–668. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15727405/
- Wu, D., Ma, G. X., Zhou, K., Zhou, D., Liu, A., & Poon, A. N. (2009). The effect of a culturally tailored smoking cessation for Chinese American smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 11(12), 1448–1457. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntp159
- Zamanzadeh, V., Seyied Rasuli, E., & Jabbarzadeh, F. (2008). The effect of empowerment program education on self-efficacy in diabetic patients in Tabriz university of medical science diabetes education center. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(8), 850–855. https://medwelljournals.com/abstract/?doi=rjbsci.2008.850.855