1,540
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Tokenism, ties and talking too quietly: women's experiences in non‐playing football roles

Pages 365-381 | Published online: 10 Jun 2011

References

  • Acker , J. 1990 . ‘Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organisations’ . Gender and Society , 4 : 139 – 58 .
  • Butler , J. 1990 . Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity , New York : Routledge .
  • Carabine , J. 2001 . “ ‘Unmarried Motherhood 1830–1990: A Genealogical Analysis’ ” . In Discourse as Data: A Guide for Analysis , Edited by: Wetherell , M. , Taylor , S. and Yates , S.J. 267 – 74 . London : Open University Press .
  • Caudwell , J. 1999 . ‘Women's Football in the United Kingdom: Theorising Gender and Unpacking the Butch Lesbian Image’ . Journal of Sport and Social Issues , 23 ( 4 ) : 390 – 402 .
  • Caudwell , J. 2004 . “ ‘Out on the Field of Play: Women's Experiences of Gender and Sexuality in Football Contexts’ ” . In British Football and Social Exclusion , Edited by: Wagg , S. 127 – 46 . London : Routledge .
  • Caudwell , J. 2006 . ‘Women Playing Football at Clubs in England with Socio‐Political Associations’ . Soccer & Society , 7 ( 4 ) : 423 – 38 .
  • Chaftez , J.S. and Kotorba , J.A. 1999 . “ ‘Little League Mothers and the Reproduction of Gender’ ” . In Inside Sports , Edited by: Coakley , J. and Donnelly , P. 46 – 54 . London : Routledge .
  • Claringbould , I. and Knoppers , A. 2008 . ‘Doing and Undoing Gender in Sport Governance’ . Sex Roles , 58 : 81 – 92 .
  • Cochrane , K. 2007 . ‘On the Ball’ . The Guardian ,
  • Colgan , F. and Ledwith , S. 1996 . “ ‘Women as Organisational Change Agents’ ” . In Women in Organisations: Challenging Gender Politics , Edited by: Ledwith , S. and Colgan , F. 1 – 43 . London : Macmillan Business .
  • Connell , R.W. 1987 . Gender and Power , Cambridge : Polity Press .
  • Cox , B. and Thompson , S. 2000 . ‘Multiple Bodies: Sportswomen, Soccer and Sexuality’ . International Review for the Sociology of Sport , 35 ( 1 ) : 5 – 20 .
  • Cunningham , G.B. and Sagas , M. 2008 . ‘Gender and Sex Diversity in Sport Organisations: Introduction to a Special Issue’ . Sex Roles , 58 : 3 – 9 .
  • Dworkin , S.L. and Messner , M.A. 2002 . “ ‘Just Do, What…? Sport, Bodies, Gender’ ” . In Gender and Sport: A Reader , Edited by: Scraton , S. and Flintoff , A. 17 – 29 . London : Routledge .
  • Eckert , P. and McConnell‐Ginet , S. 1999 . ‘New Generalizations and Explanations in Language and Gender Research’ . Language in Society , 28 ( 2 ) : 185 – 202 .
  • Fasting , K. and Pfister , G. 2000 . ‘Female and Male Coaches in the Eyes of Female Elite Soccer Players’ . European Physical Education Review , 6 ( 1 ) : 91 – 110 .
  • Fielding‐Lloyd , B. and Meân.’ , L.J. 2008 . Standards and Separatism: The Discursive Construction of Gender in English Soccer Coach Education’ . Sex Roles , 58 : 24 – 39 .
  • Football Association . 2008 . Women's and Girls' Facts Book , London : Football Association . http://www.cclfc.co.uk/images08/Facts.pdf [Accessed September 2, 2009]
  • Hall , M.A. 1990 . “ ‘How Should We Theorise Gender in Sport?’ ” . In Sport, Men, and the Gender Order , Edited by: Messner , M. and Sabo , D. 223 – 39 . Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Hall , M.A. 1996 . Feminism and Sporting Bodies: Articles on Theory and Practice , Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Hargreaves , J. 1994 . Sporting Females: Critical Issues in the History and Sociology of Women's Sports , London : Routledge .
  • Hovden , J. 2000 . ‘Gender and Leadership Selection Processes in Norwegian Sporting Organisations’ . International Review for the Sociology of Sport , 35 ( 1 ) : 75 – 82 .
  • Knoppers , A. and Anthonissen , A. 2001 . ‘Meanings Given to Performance in Dutch Sport Organisations: Gender and Racial/Ethical Subtexts’ . Sociology of Sport Journal , 18 : 302 – 16 .
  • Lopez , S. 1997 . Women on the Ball , London : Scarlet Press .
  • McKay , J. 1997 . Managing Gender: Affirmative Action and Organisational Power in Australian, Canadian and New Zealand Sport , Albany , NY : State of New York Press .
  • Meis , M. 1999 . “ ‘Towards a Methodology for Feminist Research’ ” . In Qualitative Research , Edited by: Bryman , A. 66 – 85 . London : Sage .
  • Miller , L. and Penz , O. 1991 . ‘Talking Bodies: Female Bodybuilders Colonise a Male Preserve’ . Quest , 43 : 148 – 63 .
  • Mennesson , C. 2000 . ‘“Hard” Women and “Soft” Women: The Social Construction of Identities Among Female Boxers’ . International Review for the Sociology of Sport , 35 ( 1 ) : 21 – 33 .
  • Paechter , C. 2001 . “ ‘Using Poststructuralist Ideas in Gender Theory and Research’ ” . In Investigating Gender: Contemporary Perspectives in Education , Edited by: Francis , B. and Skelton , C. 41 – 51 . Buckingham : Open University Press .
  • Randhawa , K. 2003 . ‘Netball Gets the Boot as More Girls Bend it Like Beckham’ . The Daily Mail ,
  • Reinharz , S. 1992 . Feminist Methods in Social Research , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Scraton , S. , Fasting , K. , Pfister , G. and Bunual , A. 1999 . ‘It's Still a Man's Game? The Experiences of Top‐Level European Women Footballers’ . International Review for the Sociology of Sport , 34 ( 2 ) : 99 – 111 .
  • Shaw , S. and Frisby , W. 2006 . ‘Can Gender Equity be More Equitable?: Promoting an Alternative Frame for Sport Management Research, Education, and Practice’ . Journal of Sport Management , 20 : 483 – 509 .
  • Shaw , S. and Hoeber , L. 2003 . ‘“A Strong Man is Direct and a Direct Woman is a Bitch”: Analysing Discourses of Masculinity and Femininity and their Impact on Employment Roles in Sport Organisations’ . Journal of Sport Management , 17 : 347 – 76 .
  • Shaw , S. and Slack , T. 2002 . ‘“It's Been Like That for Donkey's Years”: The Construction of Gender Relations and the Cultures of Sports Organisations’ . Culture, Sport and Society , 5 ( 1 ) : 86 – 106 .
  • Talbot , M. 2002 . “ ‘Playing with Patriarchy: The Gendered Dynamics of Sports Organisations’ ” . In Gender and Sport: A Reader , Edited by: Scraton , S. and Flintoff , A. 277 – 91 . London : Routledge .
  • Therberge , N. 1997 . ‘It's Part of the Game: Physicality and the Production of Gender in Women's Hockey’ . Gender and Society , 11 : 69 – 87 .
  • Therberge , N. 2002 . “ ‘Challenging the Gendered Space of Sport: Women's Ice Hockey and the Struggle for Legitimacy’ ” . In Gender and Sport: A Reader , Edited by: Scraton , S. and Flintoff , A. 292 – 302 . London : Routledge .
  • Thompson , S. 1994 . “ ‘Challenging the Hegemony: New Zealand Women's Opposition to Rugby and the Reproduction of a Capitalist Patriarchy’ ” . In Women, Sport and Culture , Edited by: Birrell , S. and Cole , C.L. 213 – 20 . Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Walsh , C. 2001 . Gender and Discourse: Language and Power in Politics, the Church and Organisations , London : Longman .
  • Weedon , C. 1987 . Feminist Practice and Poststructuralist Theory , Oxford : Blackwell .
  • Weedon , C. 1999 . Feminism, Theory and the Politics of Difference , Oxford : Blackwell .
  • Welford , J. 2008 . “ ‘What's the Score? Women in Football in England’ ” . Loughborough University . Unpublished PhD thesis
  • Williams , Jean. 2003 . A Game for Rough Girls? A History of Women's Football in Britain , London : Routledge .
  • Williams , John and Woodhouse , J. 1991 . “ ‘Can Play, Will Play? Women and Football in Britain’ ” . In British Football and Social Change: Getting into Europe , Edited by: Williams , J. and Wagg , S. 85 – 111 . Leicester : Leicester University Press .
  • Williamson , D.J. 1991 . Belles of the Ball , Devon : R&D Associates .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.