32
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Mirroring societal shifts: revisiting the ethno-racial, ethno-religious, and ideological foundations of Guyana’s party system

Pages 100-123 | Received 09 Oct 2023, Accepted 15 May 2024, Published online: 29 May 2024

References

  • Abraham, S. (2005). Exceptional victories: Multiracialism in Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana. Ethnopolitics, 4(4), 465–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449050500348535
  • The AmericasBarometer by the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP). www.LapopSurveys.org.
  • Anria, S. (2018). When movements become parties: The Bolivian MAS in comparative perspective. Cambridge University Press.
  • Aydogan, A. (2021). Party systems and ideological cleavages in the Middle East and North Africa. Party Politics, 27(4), 814–826. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068819894299
  • Bartolini, S., & Mair, P. (1990.). Identity, competition and electoral availability. ECPR Press.
  • Becker, M. (2010). Pachakutik: Indigenous movements and electoral politics in Ecuador. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Bornschier, S. (2009). Cleavage politics in old and new democracies. Living Reviews in Democracy, 1, 1–13.
  • Brown, D. R. (1999). Ethnic politics and public sector management in Trinidad and Guyana. Public Administration and Development, 19(4), 367–379. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-162X(199910)19:4<367::AID-PAD90>3.0.CO;2-L
  • Bureau of Statistics. (No date). Census. https://statisticsguyana.gov.gy/census/.
  • Carlin, R. E., Singer, M. M., & Zechmeister, E. (Eds.) (2015). The Latin American voter: Pursuing representation and accountability in challenging contexts. University of Michigan Press.
  • Carroll, D. J., & Pastor, R. A. (1993). Moderating ethnic tensions by electoral mediation: The case of Guyana. Security Dialogue, 24(2), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010693024002007
  • Chandra, K. (2006). What is ethnic identity and why does it matter? Annual Review of Political Science, 9(1), 397–424. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.9.062404.170715
  • Choenni, C. E. S. (2014). Ethnicity and politics: Political adaption of Hindostanis in Suriname. Sociological Bulletin, 63(3), 407–431. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038022920140305
  • Coppedge, M. (1998). The dynamic diversity of Latin American party systems. Party Politics, 4(4), 547–568. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068898004004007
  • Coto, D. (2023, May 8). Oil boom transforms Guyana, prompting a scramble for spoils. AP News. https://apnews.com/article/guyana-oil-discovery-money-14c23a72c6d7c13675493ede42ed1000.
  • Croissant, A., & Völkel, P. (2012). Party system types and party system institutionalization: Comparing new democracies in East and Southeast Asia. Party Politics, 18(2), 235–265. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068810380096
  • Danns, G. K. (2013). C.L.R. James’s party politics and political parties in Guyana. The CLR James Journal, 19(1/2), 298–331. https://doi.org/10.5840/clrjames2013191/216
  • Dix, R. H. (1989). Cleavage structures and party systems in Latin America. Comparative Politics, 22(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.2307/422320
  • Elections Commission. (No date). Election results. https://gecom.org.gy/post/get/results.
  • Ferkiss, V. C., & Ferkiss, B. (1971). Race and politics in Trinidad and Guyana. World Affairs, 134(1), 5–23.
  • Hagopian, F. (1998). Democracy and political representation in Latin America in the 1990s: Pause, reorganization, or decline? In F. Agüero & J. Stark (Eds.), Fault lines of democracy in post-transition Latin America (pp. 99–143). North-South Center Press.
  • Hicken, A., & Martinez Kuhonta, E. M. (2011). Shadows from the past: Party system institutionalization in Asia. Comparative Political Studies, 44(5), 572–597. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414010396460
  • Hinds, D. (2010). Ethnicity and the elusive quest for power sharing in Guyana. Ethnopolitics, 9(3-4), 333–355. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2010.481971
  • Hintzen, P., & Premdas, R. R. (1982). Guyana: Coercion and control in political change. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 24(3), 337–354. https://doi.org/10.2307/165501
  • Hope, K. R. (1985). Electoral politics and political development in post-independence Guyana. Electoral Studies, 4(1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(85)90031-9
  • Hope, K. R., & St. Pierre, M. (1983). Ethnic political participation and cooperative socialism in Guyana: A critical assessment. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 6(4), 505–516. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.1983.9993430
  • Horowitz, D. L. (1985). Ethnic groups in conflict. University of California Press.
  • Inglehart, R. (1977). The silent revolution. Changing values and political styles among Western publics. Princeton University Press.
  • Khadan, J., Ruprah, I., & Godinez-Puig, L. (2022). Ethnic cleavages and vote choice in Trinidad and Tobago. Ethnopolitics, 1–30.
  • Lipset, S. M., & Rokkan, S. (Eds.). (1967). Party systems and voter alignments: Cross-national perspectives. Free Press.
  • Madrid, R. L. (2005). Indigenous voter and party system fragmentation in Latin America. Electoral Studies, 24, 689–707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2005.02.005
  • Madrid, R. L. (2012). The rise of ethnopolitics in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.
  • Manning, C. (2005). Assessing African party systems after the third wave. Party Politics, 11(6), 707–727. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068805057606
  • Mars, P. (2001). Ethnic politics, mediation, and conflict resolution: The Guyana experience. Journal of Peace Research, 38(3), 353–372. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343301038003005
  • Milne, R. S. (1977). Politics, ethnicity and class in Guyana and Malaysia. Social and Economic Studies, 26(1), 18–37.
  • Milne, R. S. (1988). Bicommunal systems: Guyana, Malaysia, Fiji. Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 18(2), 101–113.
  • Moreno Morales, D. E. (2015). Ethnicity and electoral preferences in Latin America. In R. E. Carlin, M. M. Singer, & E. J. Zechmeister (Eds.), The Latin American voter: Pursuing representation and accountability in challenging contexts (pp. 122–142). University of Michigan Press.
  • Mozaffar, S., Scarritt, J. R., & Galaich, G. (2003). Electoral institutions, ethnopolitical cleavages, and party systems in Africa’s emerging democracies. American Political Science Review, 97(3), 379–390. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055403000753
  • Nadeau, R., Lewis-Beck, M. S., Bélanger, É, Turgeon, M., & Gélineau, F. (2017). Latin American elections: Choice and change. University of Michigan Press.
  • Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2019). Cultural backlash: Trump, Brexit, and authoritarian populism. Cambridge University Press.
  • Pallister, K. (2013). Why no Mayan party? Indigenous movements and national politics in Guatemala. Latin American Politics and Society, 55(3), 117–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2013.00205.x
  • Posner, D. N. (2007). Regime change and ethnic cleavages in Africa. Comparative Political Studies, 40(11), 1302–1327. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414006291832
  • Premdas, R. R. (1972). Elections and political campaigns in a racially bifurcated state: The case of Guyana. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 14(3), 271–296. https://doi.org/10.2307/174918
  • Premdas, R. R. (2004). The Guyana ethnic quagmire: Problems and solutions for reconciliation. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 10(2), 251–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537110490467694
  • Rice, R. (2011). The New politics of protest: Indigenous mobilization in Latin America’s neoliberal era. University of Arizona Press.
  • Roberts, K. M. (2014). Changing course in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.
  • Singh, C. (2008). Re-democratization in Guyana and Suriname: Critical comparisons. European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies / Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe, 84, 71–85. https://doi.org/10.18352/erlacs.9627
  • Ufen, A. (2012). Party systems, critical junctures, and cleavages in Southeast Asia. Asian Survey, 52(3), 441–464.
  • V-DEM. (2024, March). https://v-dem.net/data_analysis/CountryGraph/.
  • Van Cott, D. L. (2005). From movements to parties in Latin America: The evolution of ethnic politics. Cambridge University Press.
  • Vasciannie, L. A. (2018). International election observation in the Commonwealth Caribbean: Race, aid, democratization. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Weghorst, K. R., & Bernhard, M. (2014). From formlessness to structure? The institutionalization of competitive party systems in Africa. Comparative Political Studies, 47(12), 1707–1737. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414013516068
  • Yashar, D. J. (2005). Contesting citizenship in Latin America: The rise of indigenous movements and the postliberal challenge. Cambridge University Press.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.