References
- Bas, E., Bohorquez, J., Goncalves, S., Perez, E., Dinh, C.T., Garnham, C., et al. 2016. Electrode array-eluted dexamethasone protects against electrode insertion trauma induced hearing and hair cell losses, damage to neural elements, increases in impedance and fibrosis: A dose response study. Hearing Research, 337: 12–24. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2016.02.003.
- Bas, E., Goncalves, S., Adams, M., Dinh, C.T., Bas, J.M., Van De Water, T.R., et al. 2015. Spiral ganglion cells and macrophages initiate neuro-inflammation and scarring following cochlear implantation. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 9: 303. doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00303.
- Busby, P.A., Plant, K.L., Whitford, L.A. 2002. Electrode impedance in adults and children using the Nucleus 24 cochlear implant system. Cochlear Implants International, 3(2): 87–103. doi:10.1179/cim.2002.3.2.87.
- Chen, W. 2011. The content and ratio of type I and III collagen in skin differ with age and injury. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(13): 2524–2529. doi:10.5897/AJB10.1999.
- Clark, G.M., Shute, S.A., Shepherd, R.K., Carter, T.D. 1995. Cochlear implantation: osteoneogenesis, electrode-tissue impedance, and residual hearing. The Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. Supplement, 166: 40–42.
- Davis, T.J., Zhang, D., Gifford, R.H., Dawant, B.M., Labadie, R.F., Noble, J.H. 2016. Relationship between electrode-to-modiolus distance and current levels for adults with cochlear implants. Otology & Neurotology, 37(1): 31–37. doi:10.1097/mao.0000000000000896.
- Durisin, M., Krause, C., Arnoldner, C., Kontorinis, G., Buechner, A., Lenarz, T., et al. 2011. Electron microscopy changes of cochlear implant electrodes with permanently high impedances. Cochlear Implants International, 12(4): 228–233. doi:10.1179/1754762810Y.0000000007.
- Fayad, J.N., Linthicum Jr, F.H. 2006. Multichannel cochlear implants: relation of histopathology to performance. The Laryngoscope, 116(8): 1310–1320. doi:10.1097/01.mlg.0000227176.09500.28.
- Furness, D.N. 2019. Forgotten fibrocytes: a neglected, supporting cell type of the cochlea with the potential to be an alternative therapeutic target in hearing loss. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 13: 532–532. doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00532.
- Holden, L.K., Finley, C.C., Firszt, J.B., Holden, T.A., Brenner, C., Potts, L.G., et al. 2013. Factors affecting open-set word recognition in adults with cochlear implants. Ear and Hearing, 34(3): 342–360. doi:10.1097/AUD.0b013e3182741aa7.
- Hughes, M.L., Vander Werff, K.R., Brown, C.J., Abbas, P.J., Kelsay, D.M., Teagle, H.F., et al. 2001. A longitudinal study of electrode impedance, the electrically evoked compound action potential, and behavioral measures in nucleus 24 cochlear implant users. Ear and Hearing, 22(6): 471–486. doi:10.1097/00003446-200112000-00004.
- Ishiyama, A., Ishiyama, G., Lopez, I.A., Linthicum Jr, F.H. 2019. Temporal bone histopathology of first-generation cochlear implant electrode translocation. Otology & Neurotology, 40(6): e581–e591. doi:10.1097/mao.0000000000002247.
- Jones, P.L., Millman, A. 1990. Wound healing and the aged patient. The Nursing Clinics of North America, 25(1): 263–277.
- Kamakura, T., Nadol Jr, J.B. 2016. Correlation between word recognition score and intracochlear new bone and fibrous tissue after cochlear implantation in the human. Hearing Research, 339: 132–141. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2016.06.015.
- Kawano, A., Seldon, H.L., Clark, G.M., Ramsden, R.T., Raine, C.H. 1998. Intracochlear factors contributing to psychophysical percepts following cochlear implantation. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 118(3): 313–326. doi:10.1080/00016489850183386.
- Lago, J.C., Puzzi, M.B. 2019. The effect of aging in primary human dermal fibroblasts. PLoS One, 14(7): e0219165. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219165.
- Landsberger, D.M., Padilla, M., Srinivasan, A.G. 2012. Reducing current spread using current focusing in cochlear implant users. Hearing Research, 284(1-2): 16–24. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2011.12.009.
- Lee, J.Y., Hong, S.H., Moon, I.J., Kim, E.Y., Baek, E., Seol, H.Y., et al. 2019. Effect of cochlear implant electrode array design on electrophysiological and psychophysical measures: lateral wall versus perimodiolar types. Journal of Audiology & Otology, 23(3): 145–152. doi:10.7874/jao.2019.00164.
- Leone, C.A., Mosca, F., Grassia, R. 2017. Temporal changes in impedance of implanted adults for various cochlear segments. Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica, 37(4): 312–319. doi:10.14639/0392-100x-1471.
- Marsella, P., Scorpecci, A., Pacifico, C., Resca, A., Vallarino, M.V., Ingrosso, A., et al. 2014. Safety and functional results of early cochlear implant switch-on in children. Otology & Neurotology, 35(2): 277–282. doi:10.1097/mao.0000000000000259.
- Molisz, A., Zarowski, A., Vermeiren, A., Theunen, T., De Coninck, L., Siebert, J., et al. 2015. Postimplantation changes of electrophysiological parameters in patients with cochlear implants. Audiology & Neuro-otology, 20(4): 222–228. doi:10.1159/000377615.
- Mukherjee, P., Uzun-Coruhlu, H., Wong, C.C., Curthoys, I.S., Jones, A.S., Gibson, W.P.R. 2012. Assessment of intracochlear trauma caused by the insertion of a new straight research array. Cochlear Implants International, 13: 156–162. doi:10.1179/1754762811Y.0000000013.
- Newbold, C., Richardson, R., Millard, R., Seligman, P., Cowan, R., Shepherd, R. 2011. Electrical stimulation causes rapid changes in electrode impedance of cell-covered electrodes. Journal of Neural Engineering, 8(3): 036029. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/8/3/036029.
- Ni, D., Shepherd, R.K., Seldon, H.L., Xu, S.A., Clark, G.M., Millard, R.E. 1992. Cochlear pathology following chronic electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. I: Normal hearing kittens. Hearing Research, 62(1): 63–81. doi:10.1016/0378-5955(92)90203-y.
- O’Connell, B.P., Hunter, J.B., Wanna, G.B. 2016. The importance of electrode location in cochlear implantation. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol, 1(6): 169–174. doi:10.1002/lio2.42.
- Polonenko, M.J., Cushing, S.L., Gordon, K.A., Allemang, B., Jewell, S., Papsin, B.C. 2016. Stimulation parameters differ between current anti-modiolar and peri-modiolar electrode arrays implanted within the same child. Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 130(11): 1007–1021. doi:10.1017/s0022215116009026.
- Roland, P.S., Wright, C.G. 2006. Surgical aspects of cochlear implantation: mechanisms of insertional trauma. Advances in Otorhino-laryngology, 64: 11–30. doi:10.1159/000094642.
- Sanderson, A.P., Rogers, E.T.F., Verschuur, C.A., Newman, T.A. 2019. Exploiting routine clinical measures to inform strategies for better hearing performance in cochlear implant users. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12: 1048. doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.01048.
- Shepherd, R.K., Hatsushika, S., Clark, G.M. 1993. Electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve: the effect of electrode position on neural excitation. Hearing Research, 66(1): 108–120. doi:10.1016/0378-5955(93)90265-3.
- Skarzynski, H., Lorens, A., Matusiak, M., Porowski, M., Skarzynski, P.H., James, C.J. 2012. Partial deafness treatment with the nucleus straight research array cochlear implant. Audiology & Neuro-Otology, 17(2): 82–91. doi:10.1159/000329366.
- Thompson, N.J., Dillon, M.T., Buss, E., Park, L.R., Pillsbury 3rd., H.C., O’Connell, B.P., et al. 2020. Electrode array type and its impact on impedance fluctuations and loss of residual hearing in cochlear implantation. Otology & Neurotology, 41(2): 186–191. doi:10.1097/mao.0000000000002457.
- Varani, J. 2010. Fibroblast aging: intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Drug Discovery Today: Therapeutic Strategies, 7(3): 65–70. doi:10.1016/j.ddstr.2011.06.001.
- Varani, J., Dame, M.K., Rittie, L., Fligiel, S.E.G. Kang, S., Fisher, G.J., et al.2006. Decreased collagen production in chronologically aged skin: roles of age-dependent alteration in fibroblast function and defective mechanical stimulation. The American Journal of Pathology, 168(6): 1861–1868. doi:10.2353/ajpath.2006.051302.
- Wilk, M., Hessler, R., Mugridge, K., Jolly, C., Fehr, M., Lenarz, T, et al.2016. Impedance changes and fibrous tissue growth after cochlear implantation are correlated and can be reduced using a dexamethasone eluting electrode. PLoS One, 11(2): e0147552. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147552.
- Wolfe, J., Schafer, E.C. 2015. Programming cochlear implants. 2nd ed. San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing.