The symbolic representation of women’s political firsts in editorial cartoons

References

• Aday, Sean, and James Devitt. 2001. “Style over Substance: Newspaper Coverage of Elizabeth Dole’s Presidential Bid.” Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 6 (2): 52–73. doi:10.1177/108118001129172134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, Karrin V., and Kristina H. Sheeler. 2005. Governing Codes: Gender, Metaphor, And Political Identity. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Campus, Donatella. 2013. Women Political Leaders and the Media. New York, NY: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Carroll, Susan J. 2009. “Reflections on Gender and Hillary Clinton’s Presidential Campaign: The Good, the Bad, and the Misogynic.” Politics & Gender 5 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1017/S1743923X09000014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conners, Joan L. 1998. “Hussein as Enemy: The Persian Gulf War in Political Cartoons.” Press/Politics 3 (3): 96–114. doi:10.1177/1081180X98003003007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conners, Joan L. 2010. “Barack versus Hillary: Race, Gender, and Political Cartoon Imagery of the 2008 Presidential Primaries.” American Behavioral Scientist 54 (3): 298–312. doi:10.1177/0002764210381703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, Janis L. 2007. “Drawing Politics in Pink and Blue.” PS: Political Science & Politics 40 (2): 249–253. doi:10.1017/S1049096507070382.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, Janis L., and C. Austin McDonald. 2010. “Reading Hillary and Sarah: Contradictions of Feminism and Representation in 2008 Campaign Political Cartoons.” American Behavioral Scientist 54 (3): 313–329. doi:10.1177/0002764210381704.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, Janis L., and Huey-Rong Chen. 2000. “The First Lady/First Wife in Editorial Cartoons: Rhetorical Visions through Gendered Lenses.” Women’s Studies in Communication 23 (3): 367–391. doi:10.1080/07491409.2000.11735774.
   Google Scholar
• Encuesta General de Medios. 2019. “Ranking de diarios, total lectores/día, third wave 2019.” Madrid: AIMC – Asociación para la Investigación de Medios de Comunicación. Accessed October 7, 2020. http://reporting.aimc.es/index.html#/main/diarios
   Google Scholar
• Espírito-Santo, Ana, and Tània Verge. 2017. “The Elusive Measurement of Symbolic Effects on Citizens’ Political Attitudes.” Politics, Groups and Identities 5 (3): 494–499. doi:10.1080/21565503.2017.1331856.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2017. Special Eurobarometer 465 Report. Gender Equality 2017. Brussels: Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers.
   Google Scholar
• Falk, Erica. 2010. Women for President: Media Bias in Nine Campaigns. 2nd ed. Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fernández-García, Núria. 2016. “Framing Gender and Women Politicians Representation: Print Media Coverage of Spanish Women Ministries.” In Gender in Focus: (New) Trends in Media, edited by Carla Cerqueira, Rosa Cabecinhas, and Sara I. Magalhães, 141–160. Braga: CECS.
   Google Scholar
• Fountaine, Susan, and Judy McGregor. 2002. “Reconstructing Gender for the 21st Century: News Media Framing of Political Women in New Zealand.” Paper presented at the Australian New Zealand Communication Association annual conference, Brisbane, Australia: Greenmount, July 10–12.
   Google Scholar
• Gamson, William A., David Croteau, William Hoynes, and Theodore Sasson. 1992. “Media Images and the Social Construction of Reality.” Annual Review of Sociology 18: 373–393. doi:10.1146/annurev.so.18.080192.002105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Blanco, Iñaki, and Karin Wahl-Jorgensen. 2013. “The Discursive Construction of Women Politicians in the European Press.” Feminist Media Studies 12 (3): 422–441. doi:10.1080/14680777.2011.615636.
   Google Scholar
• Gidengil, Elizabeth, and Joanna Everitt. 2003. “Talking Tough: Gender and Reported Speech in Campaign News Coverage.” Political Communication 20 (3): 209–232. doi:10.1080/10584600390218869.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmartin, Patricia. 2001. “Still the Angel in the Household. Political Cartoons of Elizabeth Dole’s Presidential Campaign.” Women & Politics 22 (4): 51–67. doi:10.1300/J014v22n04_03.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gitlin, Todd. 1980. The Whole World Is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heldman, Caroline, Susan J. Carroll, and Stephanie Olson. 2005. “‘She Brought Only a Skirt’: Print Media Coverage of Elizabeth Dole’s Bid for the Republican Presidential Nomination.” Political Communication 22 (3): 315–335. doi:10.1080/10584600591006564.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heron, Taitu. 2008. “Political Advertising and the Portrayal of Gender, Colour and Class in Jamaica’s General Elections 2007.” IGDS Working Paper No. 5. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1739432
   Google Scholar
• Inglehart, Ronald F., C. Haerpfer, A. Moreno, C. Welzel, K. Kizilova, J. Diez-Medrano, M. Lagos, et al., eds. 2014. World Values Survey: All Rounds - Country-Pooled Datafile Version. Madrid: JD Systems Institute. Accessed 7 October 2020. https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWVL.jsp
   Google Scholar
• Meeks, Lindsey. 2012. “Is She ‘Man Enough’? Women Candidates, Executive Political Offices, and News Coverage.” Journal of Communication 62 (1): 175–193. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01621.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, Elaine K. 1993. “Politics and Gender: Geraldine Ferraro in the Editorial Cartoons.” In Feminist Theory and the Study of Folklore, edited by Susan Tower Hollis, Linda Pershing, and M. Jane Young, 358–395. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
   Google Scholar
• Murray, Rainbow. 2010. “Conclusion: A New Comparative Framework.” In Cracking the Highest Glass Ceiling. A Global Comparison of Women’s Campaigns for Executive Office, edited by Rainbow Murray, 224–247. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Norris, Pippa. 1996. “Women Leaders Worldwide: A Splash of Color in the Photo Op.” In Women, Media and Politics, edited by Pippa Norris, 149–165. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Puwar, Nirmal. 2004. Space Invaders. Race, Gender and Bodies Out of Place. Oxford: Berg.
   Google Scholar
• Reist, Wilissa M. 2018. “A Thing of Humour? Exploring Gender and Hostile Humour in Alberta Political Cartoons.” MA thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed April 1, 2020. doi:10.7939/R3X92211V.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, Karen. 2010. Gendered Media: Women, Men and Identity Politics. New York, NY: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Sena, John A. 1985. “A Picture Is Worth A Thousand Votes: Geraldine Ferraro and the Editorial Cartoonists.” Journal of American Culture 8 (1): 2–12. doi:10.1111/j.1542-734X.1985.0801_2.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slyomovics, Susan. 2000. “Sex, Lies and Television Algerian and Moroccan Caricatures of the Gulf War.” In Women and the Power in the Middle East, edited by Suad Joseph and Susan Slyomovics, 72–98. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sreberny-Mohammadi, Annabelle, and Karen Ross. 1996. “Women MPs and the Media: Representing the Body Politic.” Parliamentary Affairs 49 (1): 103–115. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pa.a028661.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swords, Betty. 1992. “Why Women Cartoonists are Rare, and Why That’s Important.” In New Perspectives on Women and Comedy: Studies in Culture and Gender, edited by Regina Barreca, 65–84. Philadelphia: Gordon and Breach.
   Google Scholar
• Templin, Charlotte. 1999. “Hillary Clinton as a Threat to Gender Norms: Cartoon Images of the First Lady.” Journal of Communication Inquiry 23 (1): 20–36. doi:10.1177/0196859999023001002.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, Gwynn, and Melinda Adams. 2010. “Breaking the Final Glass Ceiling: The Influence of Gender in the Elections of Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf and Michelle Bachelet.” Journal of Women, Politics & Policy 31 (2): 105–131. doi:10.1080/15544771003697270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tremblay, Manon, and Nathalie Belanger. 1997. “Femmes Chefs de Partis Politiques et Caricatures Editoriales: I’election Federale Canadienne de 1993.” Recherches Feministes 10 (1): 35–75. doi:10.7202/057910ar.
   Google Scholar
• Tuchman, Gaye. 1978. “The Symbolic Annihilation of Women by the Mass Media.” In Hearth and Home: Images of Women in the Mass Media, edited by Gaye Tuchman, Arlene K. Daniels, and James Benet, 3–38. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• van Acker, Elizabeth. 2003. “Media Representations of Women Politicians in Australia and New Zealand: High Expectations, Hostility or Stardom.” Policy and Society 22 (1): 116–136. doi:10.1016/S1449-4035(03)70016-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Zoonen, Liesbet. 2005. Entertaining the Citizen: When Politics and Popular Culture Converge. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Verge, Tània. 2020. “Gender Policy.” In The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics, edited by Ignacio Lago and Diego Muro, 612–628. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Verge, Tània, and Raquel Pastor. 2018. “Women’s Political Firsts and Symbolic Representation.” Journal of Women, Politics & Policy 39 (1): 26–50. doi:10.1080/1554477X.2016.1268878.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, Rhonda. 2003. “Political Cartoons: Now You See Them!” Canadian Parliamentary Affairs 26 (1): 16–21.
   Google Scholar