References
- Albury, Kath, Jean Burgess, Ben Light, Kane Race, and Rowan Wilken. 2017. “Data Cultures of Mobile Dating and Hook-up Apps: Emerging Issues for Critical Social Science Research.” Big Data & Society 4 (2): 1–11. doi:10.1177/2053951717720950.
- Attwood, Feona. 2011. “Through the Looking Glass? Sexual Agency and Subjectification Online.” In New Femininities: Postfeminism, Neoliberalism and Subjectivity, edited by Rosalind Gill and Christina Scharff, 203–214. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Limited.
- Bivens, Rena, and Anna Shah Hoque. 2018. “Programming Sex, Gender, and Sexuality: Infrastructural Failures in the ‘Feminist’ Dating App Bumble.” Canadian Journal of Communication 43 (3): 441–459. doi:10.22230/cjc.2019v44n3a3375.
- Carlson, Bronwyn. 2020. “Love and Hate at the Cultural Interface: Indigenous Australians and Dating Apps.” Journal of Sociology 56 (2): 133–150. doi:10.1177/1440783319833181.
- Cense, Marianne, Laina Bay-Cheng, and Lieke van Dijk. 2018. “‘Do I Score Points if I Say ‘No’?’: Negotiating Sexual Boundaries in a Changing Normative Landscape.” Journal of Gender-Based Violence 2 (2): 277–291. doi:10.1332/239868018X15266373560443.
- Dwyer, Zack, Nicholas Hookway, and Brady Robards. 2020. ““Navigating ‘Thin’ Dating Markets: Mid-life Repartnering in the Era of Dating Apps and Websites.” Journal of Sociology 57 (3): 647–663. doi:10.1177/1440783320948958.
- Farvid, Panteá, and Kayla Aisher. 2016. “‘It’s Just a Lot More Casual’: Young Heterosexual Women’s Experiences of Using Tinder in New Zealand.” Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology 10.
- Favaro, Laura. 2017. “‘Just Be Confident Girls!’: Confidence Chic as Neoliberal Governmentality.” In Aesthetic Labour: Rethinking Beauty Politics in Neoliberalism, edited by Ana Sofia Elias, Rosalind Gill, and Christina Scharff, 283–299. London: Palgrave.
- Gerson, Kathleen, and Ruth Horowitz. 2002. “Observation and Interviewing: Options and Choices in Qualitative Research.” In Qualitative Research in Action, edited by Tim May, 200–225. London: SAGE.
- Gill, Rosalind. 2003. “From Sexual Objectification to Sexual Subjectification: The Resexualisation of Women’s Bodies in the Media.” Feminist Media Studies 3 (1): 99–114.
- Gillett, Rosalie. 2018. “Intimate Intrusions Online: Studying the Normalization of Abuse in Dating Apps.” Women’s Studies International Forum 69: 212–219. doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2018.04.005.
- Hayes, Rebecca, and Molly Dragiewicz. 2018. “Unsolicited Dick Pics: Erotica, Exhibitionism or Entitlement?” Women’s Studies International Forum 71: 114–120. doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2018.07.001.
- Hess, Aaron, and Carlos Flores. 2018. “Simply More than Swiping Left: A Critical Analysis of Toxic Masculine Performances on Tinder Nightmares.” New Media & Society 20 (3): 1085–1102. doi:10.1177/1461444816681540.
- Hobbs, Mitchell, Stephen Owen, and Livia Gerber. 2016. “Liquid Love? Dating Apps, Sex, Relationships and the Digital Transformation of Intimacy.” Journal of Sociology 53 (2): 271–284. doi:10.1177/1440783316662718.
- Jamieson, Lynn. 2013. “Personal Relationships, Intimacy and the Self in a Mediated and Global Digital Age.” In Digital Sociology: Critical Perspectives, edited by Kate Orton-Johnson and Nicholas Prior, 13–28. London: Palgrave.
- Kandiyoti, Deniz. 1998. “Gender, Power and Contestation: Rethinking Bargaining with Patriarchy.” In Feminist Visions of Development, edited by Cecile Jackson and Ruth Pearson, 138–154. London: Routledge.
- Lamb, Sharon, and Zoë D. Peterson. 2011. “Adolescent Girls’ Sexual Empowerment: Two Feminists Explore the Concept.” Sex Roles 66 (11–12): 703–712. doi:10.1007/s11199-011-9995-3.
- Lamont, Ellen. 2014. “Negotiating Courtship: Reconciling Egalitarian Ideals with Traditional Gender Norms.” Gender & Society 28 (2): 189–211. doi:10.1177/0891243213503899.
- MacLeod, Caitlin, and Victoria McArthur. 2018. “The Construction of Gender in Dating Apps: An Interface Analysis of Tinder and Bumble.” Feminist Media Studies 19 (6): 822–840. doi:10.1080/14680777.2018.1494618.
- Mason, Corinne, and Shoshana Magnet. 2012. “Surveillance Studies and Violence against Women.” Surveillance and Society 10 (2): 105–118. doi:10.24908/ss.v10i2.4094.
- McCluskey, Melissa. 2017. Digital Dating in Kelowna, BC: Examining How Women Experience Online Dating in a Small, Canadian City. Victoria: Royal Roads University.
- Mendes, Kaitlynn, Jessica Ringrose, and Jessalynn Keller. 2018. “#metoo and the Promise and Pitfalls of Challenging Rape Culture through Digital Feminist Activism.” European Journal of Women’s Studies 25 (2): 236–246. doi:10.1177/1350506818765318.
- Miles, Sam. 2017. “Sex in the Digital City: Location-based Dating Apps and Queer Urban Life.” Gender, Place & Culture 24 (11): 1595–1610. doi:10.1080/0966369X.2017.1340874.
- Morning Consult. 2018. “National Tracking Poll #180111 Crosstabulation Results” January Accessed 5 May 2021.https://morningconsult.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/dating-crosstabs.pdf
- Munday, Jennie. 2005. “Identity in Focus: The Use of Focus Groups to Study the Construction of Collective Identity.” Sociology 40 (1): 89–105. doi:10.1177/0038038506058436.
- Myketiak, Chrystie. 2015. “The Co-construction of Cybersex Narratives.” Discourse & Society 26 (4): 464–479. doi:10.1177/0957926515579559.
- Nash, Meredith. 2016. “Selling Health and Fitness to Sporty Sisters: A Critical Feminist Multi-modal Discourse Analysis of the Lorna Jane Retail Website.” Sociology of Sport Journal 33 (3): 219–229. doi:10.1123/ssj.2015-0105.
- Newett, Lyndsay, Brendan Churchill, and Brady Robards. 2018. “Forming Connections in the Digital Era: Tinder, a New Tool in Young Australian Intimate Life.” Journal of Sociology 54 (3): 346–361. doi:10.1177/1440783317728584.
- O’Connor, Clare. 2017. “Billion-dollar Bumble: How Whitney Wolfe Herd Built America’s Fastest-growing Dating App.” Forbes, December 12. Accessed 19 October 2018.https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2017/11/14/billion-dollar-bumble-how-whitney-wolfe-herd-built-americas-fastest-growing-dating-app/?sh=5449a9f6248b
- Peterson, Zoë D., and Sharon Lamb. 2012. “The Political Context for Personal Empowerment: Continuing the Conversation.” A Journal of Research 66 (11): 758–763.
- Pond, Tara, and Panteá Farvid. 2017. “‘I Do like Girls, I Promise’: Young Bisexual Women’s Experiences of Using Tinder.” Psychology of Sexualities Review 8 (6): 6–24.
- Pruchniewska, Urszula. 2020. “‘I like that It’s My Choice a Couple Different Times’: Gender, Affordances, and User Experience on Bumble Dating.” International Journal of Communication 14 (18).
- Pym, Tinonee, Paul Byron, and Kath Albury. 2020. “‘I Still Want to Know They’re Not Terrible People’: Negotiating ‘Queer Community’ on Dating Apps.” International Journal of Cultural Studies 24 (3): 398–413. doi:10.1177/1367877920959332.
- Renold, Emma, and Jessica Ringrose. 2011. “Schizoid Subjectivities?: Re-theorizing Teen Girls’ Sexual Cultures in an Era of ‘Sexualization’.” Journal of Sociology 47 (4): 389–409. doi:10.1177/1440783311420792.
- Riley, Sarah, Adrienne Evans, Sinikka Elliott, Carla Rice, and Jeanne Marecek. 2017. “A Critical Review of Postfeminist Sensibility.” Social and Personality Psychology Compass 11 (12): e12367. doi:10.1111/spc3.12367.
- Ringrose, Jessica. 2011. “Are You Sexy, Flirty, or a Slut? Exploring ‘Sexualization’ and How Teen Girls Perform/negotiate Digital Sexual Identity on Social Networking Sites.” In New Femininities: Postfeminism, Neoliberalism and Subjectivity, edited by Rosalind Gill and Christina Scharff, 99–116. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
- Robards, Brady. 2018. “‘Totally Straight’: Contested Sexual Identities on Social Media Site Reddit.” Sexualities 21 (1–2): 49–67. doi:10.1177/1363460716678563.
- Robards, Brady, and Andy Bennett. 2011. “MyTribe: Post-subcultural Manifestations of Belonging on Social Network Sites.” Sociology 45 (2): 303–317. doi:10.1177/0038038510394025.
- Shield, Andrew DJ. 2018. “‘Looking for North Europeans Only’: Identifying Five Racist Patterns in an Online Subculture.” KULT 15 (June 2018): 87–106.
- Spell, Sarah A. 2017. “Not Just Black and White: How Race/ethnicity and Gender Intersect in Hookup Culture.” Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 3 (2): 172–187. doi:10.1177/2332649216658296.
- Statista. 2021. “Share of Adults in the United States Who Have Used Online Dating Sites or Apps as of October 2019, by Ethnicity” January 27. Accessed 5 May 2021.https://www.statista.com/statistics/309458/us-adults-online-dating-site-usage-ethnicity/
- Suddath, Claire. 2020. “For Bumble, the Future Isn’t Female, It’s Female Marketing.” Bloomberg Businessweek, January 17. Accessed 5 May 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-01-17/for-bumble-the-future-isn-t-female-it-s-female-marketing
- Thompson, Laura, and Ngaire Donaghue. 2014. “The Confidence Trick: Competing Constructions of Confidence and Self-esteem in Young Australian Women’s Discussions of the Sexualization of Culture.” Women’s Studies International Forum 47: 23–35. doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2014.07.007.
- Waling, Andrea, Duane Duncan, Steven Angelides, and Gary W. Dowsett. 2020. “‘Damn, Channing Tatum Can Move!’: Women’s Accounts of Men’s Bodies and Objectification in Post-feminist Times.” Sexualities 2020 (October): 70–85.
- Waling, Andrea, and Tinonee Pym. 2019. “Exploring the Cultural Framings of the ‘Dick Pic’ in Contemporary Online Publics.” Journal of Gender Studies 28 (1): 70–85. doi:10.1080/09589236.2017.1394821.