Inclusive pedagogies for transgender and gender diverse children: parents’ perspectives on the limits of discourses of bullying and risk in schools

References

• Baker, N. 2019. “Scott Morrison Wants to Remove ‘Ridiculous’ Gender-Inclusive Toilet Signs.” SBS News, August 29. https://www.sbs.com.au/news/scott-morrison-wants-to-remove-ridiculous-gender-inclusive-toilet-signs
   Google Scholar
• Barron, C., and M. Capous-Desyllas. 2017. “Transgressing the Gendered Norms in Childhood: Understanding Transgender Children and Their Families.” Journal of GLBT Family Studies 13 (5): 407–438. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2016.1273155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartholomaeus, C., and D. W. Riggs. 2017. Transgender People and Education. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• Baxendale, R. 2018. “Scott Morrison Blasts ‘Gender Whisperers’ in Schools.” The Australian, September 5. www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/politics/scott-morrison-blasts-gender-whisperers-in-schools/news.story/d112874209062a4938c810ba530dfbc3
   Google Scholar
• Bradlow, J., F. Bartram, A. Guasp, and V. Jadva. 2017. School Report: The Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bi and Trans Young People in Britain’s Schools in 2017. Cambridge: Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• Butson, T. 2018. “‘Gender Whisperers’: Scott Morrison Criticised for ‘Hateful’ Tweet about Trans Students.” SBS News, September 5. https://www.sbs.com.au/news/gender-whisperers-scott-morrison-criticised-for-hateful-tweet-about-trans-students
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. 2013. “The Neoliberal Cascade and Education: An Essay on the Market Agenda and Its Consequences.” Critical Studies in Education 54 (2): 99–112. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2013.776990.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W. 1987. Gender and Power. Cambridge: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Cumming-Potvin, W., and W. Martino. 2014. “Teaching about Queer Families: Surveillance, Censorship, and the Schooling of Sexualities.” Teaching Education 25 (3): 309–333. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10476210.2014.889672.
   Google Scholar
• Cumming-Potvin, W., and W. Martino. 2018. “The Policyscape of Transgender Equality and Gender Diversity in the Western Australian Education System: A Case Study.” Gender and Education 30 (6): 715–735. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2018.1483491.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domínguez-Martínez, T., and R. Robles. 2019. “Preventing Transphobic Bullying and Promoting Inclusive Educational Environments: Literature Review and Implementing Recommendations.” Archives of Medical Research 50 (8): 543–555. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.10.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy, B., N. Fotinatos, A. Smith, and J. Burke. 2013. “Puberty, Health and Sexual Education in Australian Regional Primary Schools: Year 5 and 6 Teacher Perceptions.” Sex Education 13 (2): 186–203. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2012.678324.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ericsson, S. 2017. “The Language of Cisnormativity: Children and Parents in Interaction with a Multimodal App.” Gender and Language 12 (2): 139–167. doi:https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.31827.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferfolja, T., and E. Stavrou. 2015. “Workplace Experiences of Australian Lesbian and Gay Teachers: Findings from a National Survey.” Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy 173: 113–138.
   Google Scholar
• Ferfolja, T., and J. Ullman. 2020. Gender and Sexuality Diversity in a Culture of Limitation. Student and Teacher Experiences in Schools. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Formby, E. 2015. “Limitations of Focussing on Homophobic, Biphobic and Transphobic ‘Bullying’ to Understand and Address LGBT Young People’s Experiences within and beyond School.” Sex Education 15 (6): 626–640. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2015.1054024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. 1972. The Archaeology of Knowledge. New York: Harper & Row.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. 1978. The History of Sexuality. Volume 1: An Introduction, Trans. R. Hurley. New York: Vintage Books.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein, T., A. Koecher, P. Baer, and B. L. Hicks. 2018. “Transitioning in Elementary School: Parent Advocacy and Teacher Allyship.” Teaching Education 29 (2): 165–177. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10476210.2017.1372410.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesse-Biber, S. N. 2007. “The Practice of Feminist In-depth Interviewing.” In Feminist Research Practice, edited by S. N. Hesse-Biber and P. Leavy, 110–148. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hillier, A., K. Kroehle, H. Edwards, and G. Graves. 2019. “Risk, Resilience, Resistance and Situated Agency of Trans High School Students.” Journal of LGBT Youth 17 (4): 348–407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillier, L., T. Jones, M. Monagle, N. Overton, L. Gahan, J. Blackman, and A. Mitchell. 2010. Writing Themselves in 3 (Wti3): The Third National Study on the Sexual Health and Wellbeing of Same Sex Attracted and Gender Questioning Young People. Melbourne: Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, T. 2017. “Evidence Affirming School Supports for Australian Transgender and Gender Diverse Students.” Sexual Health 14 (5): 412. doi:https://doi.org/10.1071/SH17001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, T., E. Smith, R. Ward, J. Dixon, L. Hillier, and A. Mitchell. 2016. “School Experiences of Transgender and Gender Diverse Students in Australia.” Sex Education 16 (2): 156–171. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2015.1080678.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, T., and L. Hillier. 2013. “Comparing Trans-Spectrum and Same-Sex-Attracted Youth in Australia: Increased Risks, Increased Activisms.” Journal of LGBT Youth 10 (4): 287–307. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2013.825197.
   Google Scholar
• Kosciw, J. G., E. A. Greytak, A. D. Zongrone, C. M. Clark, and N. L. Truong. 2018. The 2017 National School Climate Survey: The Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Youth in Our Nation’s Schools. New York: GLSEN.
   Google Scholar
• Kuvalanka, K. A., J. L. Weiner, and D. Mahan. 2014. “Child, Family, and Community Transformations: Findings from Interviews with Mothers of Transgender Girls.” Journal of GLBT Family Studies 10 (4): 354–379. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2013.834529.
   Google Scholar
• Law, B. 2017. “Moral Panic 101: Equality, Acceptance and the Safe Schools Scandal.” Quarterly Essay 67: 1–81.
   Google Scholar
• Lennon, E., and B. Mistler. 2014. “Cisgenderism.” TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 1 (1–2): 63–64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-2399623.
   Google Scholar
• McGowan, M. 2018. “Scott Morrison Sends His Children to Private School to Avoid ‘Skin Curling’ Sexuality Discussions.” The Guardian, September 3. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/sep/03/scott-morrison-sends-his-children-to-private-school-to-avoid-skin-curling-sexuality-discussions
   Google Scholar
• McGuire, J. K., C. Anderson, R. Toomey, and S. Russell. 2010. “School Climate for Transgender Youth: A Mixed Method Investigation of Student Experiences and School Responses.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 39 (10): 1175–1188. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9540-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neary, A. 2019. “Complicating Constructions: Middle-Class Parents of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children.” Journal of Family Studies: 1–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2019.1650799.
   Google Scholar
• NSW Department of Education. 2020. “Transgender Students in Schools—Legal Rights and Responsibilities. Legal Issues Bulletin No. 55.” NSW Department of Education. Accessed 3 August 2020. https://education.nsw.gov.au/about-us/rights-and-accountability/legal-issues-bulletins/bulletin-55-transgender-students-in-schools
   Google Scholar
• Pyne, J. 2016. ““Parenting Is Not a Job … It’s a Relationship”: Recognition and Relational Knowledge among Parents of Gender Non-conforming Children.” Journal of Progressive Human Services 27 (1): 21–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10428232.2016.1108139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riggs, D., and C. Bartholomaeus. 2015. “The Role of School Counsellors and Psychologists in Supporting Transgender People.” The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 32 (2): 158–170. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/edp.2015.19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riggs, D., and C. Due. 2015. “Support Experiences and Attitudes of Australian Parents of Gender Variant Children.” Journal of Child and Family Studies 24 (7): 1999–2007. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-9999-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riggs, D. W., and C. Bartholomaeus. 2018. “Cisgenderism and Certitude. Parents of Transgender Children Negotiating Educational Contexts.” TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 5 (1): 67–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-4291529.
   Google Scholar
• Riley, E., G. Sitharthan, L. Clemson, and M. Diamond. 2011. “The Needs of Gender-Variant Children and Their Parents: A Parent Survey.” International Journal of Sexual Health 23 (3): 181–195. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2011.593932.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley, E., G. Sitharthan, L. Clemson, and M. Diamond. 2013. “Recognising the Needs of Gender-Variant Children and Their Parents.” Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning 13 (6): 644–659. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2013.796287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringrose, J., and E. Renold. 2010. “Normative Cruelties and Gender Deviants: The Performative Effects of Bully Discourses for Girls and Boys in School.” British Educational Research Journal 36 (4): 573–596. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920903018117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, K., H. Peter Bansel, N. Denson, and C. Davies. 2014. Growing up Queer: Issues Facing Young Australians Who are Gender Variant and Sexually Diverse. Melbourne: Young and Well Cooperative Research Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, K. H., C. J. Díaz, and C. Townley. 2019. “Constructions of Knowledge and Childhood: Addressing Current Affairs with Children with a Focus on Parents’ Practices and Children’s News Media.” Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood 20 (4): 324–336. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1463949119888483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schimmel-Bristow, A., S. G. Haley, J. M. Crouch, Y. Evans, K. R. Ahrens, C. McCarty, and D. Inwards-Breland. 2018. “Youth and Caregiver Experiences of Gender Identity Transition: A Qualitative Study.” Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity 5 (2): 273–281. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000269.
   Google Scholar
• Shannon, B., and J. S. Stephen. 2017. “Dogma before Diversity: The Contradictory Rhetoric of Controversy and Diversity in the Politicisation of Australian Queer-Affirming Learning Materials.” Sex Education 17 (3): 242–255. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2017.1302325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, A. 2019. “Anti-PC Packs to Be Sent to 500 NSW Schools to Stop ‘Indoctrination’.” The Sydney Morning Herald, August 7. https://www.smh.com.au/politics/nsw/anti-pc-packs-to-be-sent-to-500-nsw-schools-to-stop-indoctrination-20190807-p52evx.html
   Google Scholar
• Smith, E., T. Jones, R. Ward, J. Dixon, A. Mitchell, and L. Hillier. 2014. From Blues to Rainbows: The Mental Health and Well-being of Gender Diverse and Transgender Young People in Australia. Melbourne: La Trobe University and University of New England.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M. J., and E. Payne. 2016. “Educator Evaluations of School Climate for LBGTQ Students: A Reiteration of the Bully Discourse.” In LGBTQ Students and Teachers: Changing the Culture of Schooling, edited by V. E. Bloomfield and M. E. Fisher, 73–86. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, J. D. 2020. “Your Parents Will Read This: Reading (As) Parents in Journalistic Coverage of the Safe Schools Coalition Australia Controversy.” Journalism 21 (12) 1–14
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullman, J. 2015a. “‘At-risk’ or School-based Risk? Testing a Model of School-based Stressors, Coping Responses, and Academic Self-concept for Same-sex Attracted Youth.” Journal of Youth Studies 18 (4): 417–433. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2014.963539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullman, J. 2015b. Free2Be?: Exploring the Schooling Experiences of Australia’s Sexuality and Gender Diverse Secondary School Students. Penrith: Centre for Educational Research, School of Education, Western Sydney University.
   Google Scholar
• Ullman, J. 2017. “Teacher Positivity Towards Gender Diversity: Exploring Relationships and School Outcomes for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Students.” Sex Education 17 (3): 276–289. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2016.1273104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullman, J. 2018. “Breaking Out of the (Anti)bullying ‘Box’: NYC Educators Discuss Trans/Gender Diversity-Inclusive Policies and Curriculum.” Sex Education 18 (5): 496–510. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2018.1431881.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullman, J., and M. Smith. 2018. LGBTIQA+ Teachers’ Experiences of Workplace Discrimination and Disadvantage. Penrith: Centre for Educational Research, School of Education, Western Sydney University.
   Google Scholar
• Ullman, J., and T. Ferfolja. 2015. “Bureaucratic Constructions of Sexual Diversity: ‘Sensitive’, ‘Controversial’ and Silencing.” Teaching Education 26 (2): 145–159. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10476210.2014.959487.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullman, J., and T. Ferfolja. 2016. “The Elephant in the (Class)room: Parental Perceptions of LGBTQ-Inclusivity in K-12 Educational Contexts.” Australian Journal of Teacher Education 41 (10): 15–29. doi:https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2016v41n10.2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). 2016. Out in the Open: Education Sector Responses to Violence Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity/Expression. Paris: UNES.
   Google Scholar
• Weedon, C. 1987. Feminist Practice and Poststructuralist Theory. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
   Google Scholar