The position of languages in the schoolscape: the case of the oldest university in the Philippines and in Asia

References

• Akindele, D. O. 2011. “Linguistic Landscape as Public Communication. A Study of Public Sugnage in Gaborone Botswana.” International Journal of Linguistics 3 (1): 1–11. doi:10.5296/ijl.v3i1.1157.
   Google Scholar
• Astillero, S. F. 2017. “Linguistic Schoolscape: Studying the Place of English and Philippine Languages of Irosin Secondary School.” Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences 4 (4): 30–37.
   Google Scholar
• Backhaus, P. 2006. “Multilingualism in Tokyo: A Look into the Linguistic Landscape.” International Journal of Multilingualism 3 (1): 52–66. doi:10.1080/14790710608668385.
   Google Scholar
• Ben-Rafael, E., E. Shohamy, M. H. Amara, and N. Trumper-Hecht. 2006. “Linguistic Landscape as Symbolic Construction of the Public Space: The Case of Israel.” International Journal of Multilingualism 3 (1): 7–30. doi:10.1080/14790710608668383.
   Google Scholar
• Biro, E. 2016. “Learning Schoolscapes in a Minority Setting.” Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 8 (2): 109–121. doi:10.1515/ausp-2016-0021.
   Google Scholar
• Bisai, S., and S. Singh. 2018. “Schoolscape in Minority School: An Empirical Study in Jhargram and Paschim Medinipur District, India.” Proceedings of the International Conference on Education, Teaching and Learning (ICE18) Taipei, Taiwan. www.globalbizresearch.org
   Google Scholar
• Brown, K. D. 2005. “Estonian Schoolscapes and the Marginalization of Regional Identity in Education.” European Education 37 (3): 78–89. doi:10.1080/10564934.2005.11042390.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, K. D. 2018. “Shifts and Stability in Schoolscapes; Diachronic Considerations of Southeastern Estonian Schools.” Linguistics and Education 44: 12–19. doi:10.1016/j.linged.2017.10.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, K. D. 2012. “The Linguistic Landscape of Educational Spaces: Language Revitalization and Schools in Southeastern Estonia.” In Linguistic Landscapes and Minority Languages, edited by H. Marten, D. Gorter, and L. van Mensel, pp. 281–298. New York: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Buckingham, L. 2015. “Commercial Signage and the Linguistic Landscape of Oman.” World Englishes 34 (3): 411–435. doi:10.1111/weng.12146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cartagenas, A. L. 2011. “Which Is the Oldest University? Revisiting the Conflicting Claims of the University of Santo Tomas, Manila and University of San Carlos, Cebu in Light of the History of Seminario (Mayor) de San Carlos of Cebu.” Philippiniana Sacra XLVI (136): 30–59.
   Google Scholar
• Cenoz, J., and D. Gorter. 2008. “Linguistic Landscape as an Additional Source of Input in Second Language Acquisition.” IRAL, International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 46 (3): 257–276. doi:10.1515/IRAL.2008.012.
   Google Scholar
• Chimirala, U. 2018. “Appropriating to the Schoolscape: A Study of Reference of Linguistic Landscape in Dyad Text Construction.” Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics 44 (1–2): 38–65.
   Google Scholar
• Clemente, M., A. I. Andrade, and F. Martins. 2012. “Learning to Read the World, Learning to Look at the Linguistic Landscape: A Primary School Study.” In Linguistic Landscapes, Multilingualism, and Social Change, edited by C. Hélot, M. Barni, R. Janssens, and C. Bagna, pp. 267–285. Frankfurt, Germany: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Coupland, N. 2010. “‘Welsh Linguistic Landscapes ‘From Above’ and ‘From Below”.” In Semiotic Landscapes, edited by A. Jaworski, and C. Thurlow. London: Continuum International 77–101.
   Google Scholar
• Dagenais, D., D. Moore, C. Sabatier, P. Lamarre, and F. Armand. 2009. “Linguistic Landscape and Language Awareness.” In Linguistic Landscape: Expanding the Scenery, edited by E. Shohamy and D. Gorter, pp. 253–269. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Dekker, D., and S. Walter. 2011. “Mother Tongue Instruction in Lubuagan: A Case Study from the Philippines.” International Review of Education 57 (5–6): 667–683. doi:10.1007/s11159-011-9246-4.
   Google Scholar
• Dimova, S. 2008. “English in Macedonian Commercial Nomenclature.” World Englishes 27 (1): 83–100. doi:10.1111/j.1467-971X.2008.00537.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dressler, R. 2015. “Signgeist: Promoting Bilingualism through the Linguistic Landscape of School Signage.” International Journal of Multilingualism 12 (1): 128–145. doi:10.1080/14790718.2014.912282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garvin, R., and K. Eisenhower. 2016. “A Comparative Study of Linguistic Landscapes in Middle Schools in Korea and Texas: Contrasting Signs of Learning and Identity Construction.” In Negotiating and Contesting Identities in Linguistic Landscapes, edited by R. Blackwood, E. Lanza, and H. Woldemariam, pp. 215–231. New York: Bloomsbury.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, A. 2001. Looking at Some of DECS’ Problems from a Linguist’s Point of View. Manila: Bonifacio P. Sibayan Professorial Chair Lecture, De La Salle University.
   Google Scholar
• Goodman, K. 1986. “What Whole in Whole Language?” Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann,
   Google Scholar
• Gorter, D., & J Cenozet al, 2014. “Linguistic Landscapes inside Multilingual Schools. In
 Challenges for Language Education and Policy: Making Space for People edited by B. Spolsky, M. Tannenbaum, and O. Inbar, pp. 151–169. New York: Routledge Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Gorter, D., and J. Cenoz. 2014. “Linguistic Landscapes inside Multilingual Schools.” In Challenges for Language Education and Policy: Making Space for People, edited by B. Spolsky, M. Tannenbaum, and O. Inbar, pp. 151–169. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gorter, D. 2013. “Linguistic Landscapes in a Multilingual World.” Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 33: 190–212. doi:10.1017/S0267190513000020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanauer, D. 2009. “Science and the Linguistic Landscape: A Genre Analysis of Representational Wall Space in A Microbiology Laboratory.” In Linguistic Landscape: Expanding the Scenery, edited by E. Shohamy and D. Gorter, pp. 287–301. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hewitt-Bradshaw, I. 2014. “Linguistic Landscape as a Language Learning and Literacy Resource in Caribbean Creole Contexts.” Caribbean Curriculum 22: 157–173.
   Google Scholar
• History. The University of Santo Tomas. 2016 Accessed29 October 2020. http://www.ust.edu.ph/about/history
   Google Scholar
• Hult, F. M. 2018. “Language Policy and Planning and Linguistic Landscapes.” In The Oxford Handbook of Language Policy and Planning, edited by J. Tollefson and M. Perex-Milans, pp. 333–351. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Identity Guidelines. 2018 Accessed20 May 2019. http://secgen.ust.edu.ph/identity-guidelines.html
   Google Scholar
• Jakonen, T. 2018. “The Environment of a Bilingual Classroom as an Interactional Resource.” Linguistics and Education 44: 20–30. doi:10.1016/j.linged.2017.09.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jazul, M. E. M., and A. S. Bernardo. 2017. “A Look into Manila Chinatown’s Linguistic Landscape. The Role of Language and Language Ideologies.” Philippine Journal of Linguistics 47: 75–98.
   Google Scholar
• Krompak, E., A. C. Grima, and M. T. Farrugia. 2020. “A Virtual Study of Learning Spaces in Primary Schools and Classrooms in Switzerland and Malta. The Relevance of Schoolscape Studies for Teacher Education.” Malta Review of Educational Research 14 (1): 23–50.
   Google Scholar
• Laihonen, P., and T. P. Szabó. 2017. “Investigating Visual Practices in Educational Settings: Schoolscapes, Language Ideologies and Organizational Cultures.” In Researching Multilingualism: Critical and Ethno- Graphic Approaches, edited by M. Martin-Jones and D. Martin, pp. 121–138. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Landry, R., and R. Y. Bourhis. 1997. “Linguistic Landscape and Ethnolinguistic Vitality: An Empirical Study.” Journal of Language and Social Psychology 16 (1): 23–49. doi:10.1177/0261927X970161002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legge, N. 2015. “A survey of the linguistic landscape of Stockholm University.” Unpublished Master’s Degree project. Department of English, Stockholms Universitet.
   Google Scholar
• Lou, J. L. 2010. “Chinatown Transformed: Ideology, Power, and Resources in Narrative Place-making.” Discourse Studies 12 (5): 625–647. doi:10.1177/1461445610371055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacGregor, L. 2003. “The Language of Shop Signs in Tokyo.” English Today 19 (1): 18–23. doi:10.1017/S0266078403001020.
   Google Scholar
• Magno, J. M. 2017. “Linguistic Landscape in Cebu City Higher Education Offering Communication Programs.” Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 5 (1): 94–103.
   Google Scholar
• Malinowski, D. 2015. “Opening Spaces of Learning in the Linguistic Landscape.” Linguistic Landscape. An International Journal 1 (1–2): 95–113. doi:10.1075/ll.1.1-2.06mal.
   Google Scholar
• McSweeney, Q. 1942. “Santo Tomas de Manila. The First University in the Philippines.” Dominicana 27 (1): 113–118.
   Google Scholar
• Multilingual Education Working Group: Asia Pacific. 2013. “MTB-MLE. Lessons Learned from a Decade of Research and Practice.” Accessed March 24 2020 https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000231865
   Google Scholar
• Muth, S. 2014. “Informal Signs as Expressions of Multilinguialism in Chisinau: How Individuals Shape the Public Space of a post-Soviet Capital.” IJSL 228: 29–53.
   Google Scholar
• Nespor, J. 2008. “Education and Place: A Review Essay.” Educational Theory 58 (4): 475–489. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5446.2008.00301.x.
   Google Scholar
• Palafox, Q. A. J. 2012. “Asia’s Oldest University. The Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas.” Accessed March 31 2020 http://nhcp.gov.ph/asias-oldest-university-the-royal-and-pontifical-university-of-santo-tomas
   Google Scholar
• Sayer, P. 2010. “Using the Linguistic Landscape as a Pedagogical Resource. ELT Journal, 64(2):143–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlick, M. 2002. “The English of Shop Signs in Europe.” English Today 18 (2): 3–7. doi:10.1017/S0266078402002018.
   Google Scholar
• Scollon, R., and S. W. Scollon. 2004. Nexus Analysis: Discourse and the Emerging Internet. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Shohamy, E., and D. Gorter. 2008. Linguistic Landscapes: Expanding the Scenery. New York and London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Shohamy, E., and D. Gorter. 2009. Linguistic Landscape: Expanding the Scenery. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Sibayan, B. P. 1985. “The Filipino People and English.” In Scientific and Humanistic Dimensions of Language: Festschrift for Robert Lado, edited by K. R. Janowsky, pp. 581–593. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Sibayan, B.P. 1989. “Language Domains and the Development of Filipino.” Perspective, 9(3): 26–31.
   Google Scholar
• Szabó, T. P. 2015. “The Management of Diversity in Schoolscapes: An Analysis of Hungarian Practices.” Apples – Journal of Applied Language Studies 9 (1): 25–51. doi:10.17011/apples/2015090102.
   Google Scholar
• Tabajunda, D. 2018. “Linguistic Landscape as Public Communication. A Study of Announcements and Signages in de La Salle University-Dasmarinas.” Proceedings of the 32nd Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation. 1–3 December, Hong Kong.
   Google Scholar
• Troyer, R. A Malinowski, David, and Maxim, Hiram . forthcoming 2021“ Agency and Policy: Who Controls the Linguistic Landscape of a School?”. Spatializing Language Studies: Pedagogical Approaches in the Linguistic Landscape.
   Google Scholar
• University of Santo Tomas. 2016. “History.” Accessed March 23 2020 http://www.ust.edu.ph/about/history/
   Google Scholar
• Van Mensel, L., M. Vandenbroucke, and R. Blackwood. 2016. “Linguistic Landscapes.” In Oxford Handbook of Language and Society, edited by O. Garcia, N. Flores, and M. Spotti, pp. 423–449, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Villaroel, F. 1982. “The University of Santo Tomas: A Historical Outline.” Philippiniana Sacra 42 (49): 76–93.
   Google Scholar
• Vizconde, C. 2011. “When Language Use Doesn’t See Eye to Eye: Language Practices of Teachers and Students in a Philippine Comprehensive University.” KEDI Journal of Educational Policy 8 (1): 123–141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vizconde, C. 2017. “Evolving the University Language Policy from the Lens of the Administrators: Language Beliefs and Practices of University Administrators.” KEDI Journal of Educational Policy 14 (2): 61–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar