Lessons learned from a decade implementing Comprehensive Sexuality Education in resource poor settings: The World Starts With Me

References

• Ahmed, N., A. J. Flisher, C. Mathews, W. Mũkoma, and S. Jansen. 2009. “HIV Education in South African Schools: The Dilemma and Conflicts of Educators.” Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 37 (2 Suppl): 48–54.10.1177/1403494808097190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auerbach, J. D., J. O. Parkhurst, and C. F. Cáceres. 2011. “Addressing Social Drivers of HIV/AIDS for the Long-Term Response: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations.” Global Public Health 6 (3 Suppl): S293–S309.10.1080/17441692.2011.594451
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barker, G., C. Ricardo, and M. Nascimento. 2007. Engaging Men and Boys in Changing Gender-Based Inequity in Health: Evidence from Interventions. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) and Promundo Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Bearinger, L. H., R. E. Sieving, J. Ferguson, and V. Sharma. 2007. “Global Perspectives on the Sexual and Reproductive Health of Adolescents: Patterns, Prevention, and Potential.” The Lancet 369: 1220–1231.10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60367-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonstra, H. D. 2011. “Advancing Sexuality Education in Developing Countries: Evidence and Implications.” Guttmacher Policy Review 14 (3): 17–23.
   Google Scholar
• Bromnick, R., and P. Swinburn. 2003. “Young People's Social Representations of a Sexual Experience.” Journal of Adolescence 26: 375–379.10.1016/S0140-1971(03)00017-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browes, N. 2014. “The Strategies of Teachers and Students in Sexuality Education. The Case of One School-Based Programme in Ethiopia.” Masters thesis, University of Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Buijs, G. J. 2009. “Better Schools through Health: Networking for Health Promoting Schools in Europe.” European Journal of Education 44 (4): 507–520.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavazos-Rehg, P. A., M. J. Krauss, E. L. Spitznagel, M. Iguchi, M. Schootman, L. Cottler, R. A. Grucza, and L. J. Bierut. 2012. “Associations between Sexuality Education in Schools and Adolescent Birthrates: A State-Level Longitudinal Model.” Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 166 (2): 134–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandra-Mouli, V., C. Lane, and S. Wong. 2015. “What Does Not Work in Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Review of Evidence on Interventions Commonly Accepted as Best Practices.” Global Health: Science and Practice 3 (3): 333–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cushman, N., L. M. Kantor, E. Schroeder, L. Eicher, and G. Gambone. 2014. “Sexuality Education: Findings and Recommendations from an Analysis of 10 United States Programmes.” Sex Education 14 (5): 481–496.10.1080/14681811.2014.918538
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle, A. M., D. A. Ross, K. Maganja, K. Baisly, C. Masesa, A. Andreasen, M. L. Plummer, A. I. Obasi, H. A. Weiss, S. Kapiga, D. Watson-Jones, J. Changalucha and H.J. Hayes for the MEMA kwa Vijana Trial Study Group. 2010. “Long-Term Biological and Behavioural Impact of an Adolescent Sexual Health Intervention in Tanzania: Follow-up Survey of the Community-Based MEMA Kwa Vijana Trial.” PLoS Medicine 7 (6): e1000287.10.1371/journal.pmed.1000287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dworkin, S. L., and A. A. Ehrhardt. 2007. “Going beyond ‘ABC’ to Include ‘GEM’: Critical Reflections on Progress in the HIV/AIDS Epidemic.” American Journal of Public Health 97: 13–18.10.2105/AJPH.2005.074591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dworkin, S. L., P. J. Fleming, and C. J. Colvin. 2015. “The Promises and Limitations of Gender-Transformative Health Programming with Men: Critical Reflections from the Field.” Culture, Health & Sexuality. doi:10.1080/13691058.2015.1035751.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Enck, Jorik. 2011. “Evaluation of a Comprehensive SRHR Curriculum for Primary Schools.” Masters thesis, University of Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Fine, M., and S. I. McClelland. 2006. “Sexuality Education and Desire: Still Missing after All These Years.” Harvard Educational Review 76 (3): 297–338.10.17763/haer.76.3.w5042g23122n6703
   Google Scholar
• Germain, A., R. Dixon-Mueller, and G. Sen. 2009. “Back to Basics: HIV/AIDS Belongs with Sexual and Reproductive Health.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 87: 840–845.10.2471/BLT.00.000000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Haas, B. 2013. Teachers and Sexuality Education in Urban Secondary Schools in Uganda. Preliminary Findings. Groningen: University of Groningen.
   Google Scholar
• Haberland, Nicole A. 2015. “The Case for Addressing Gender and Power in Sexuality and HIV Education: A Comprehensive Review of Evaluation Studies.” International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 41 (01): 031–042.10.1363/4103115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haberland, N., and D. Rogow. 2015. “Sexuality Education: Emerging Trends in Evidence and Practice.” Journal of Adolescent Health 56 (1): S15–S21.10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, A., M. Newell, J. Imrie, and G. Hoddinott. 2010. “HIV Prevention for South African Youth: Which Interventions Work? A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.” BMC Public Health 10: 102.10.1186/1471-2458-10-102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyer, P., D. Clarke, and P. Aggleton. 2014. “Barriers to HIV and Sexuality Education in Asia.” Health Education 114 (2): 118–132.10.1108/HE-06-2013-0025
   Google Scholar
• Jewkes, R. 2010. “Where to for Sexual Health Education for Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa?” PLoS Medicine 7 (6): e1000288.10.1371/journal.pmed.1000288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kincheloe, Joe L. 2008. Knowledge and Critical Pedagogy. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.10.1007/978-1-4020-8224-5
   Google Scholar
• Kinsman, J., S. Harrison, J. Kengeya-Kayondo. 1999. “Implementation of a Comprehensive AIDS Education Programme for Schools in Masaka District, Uganda.” AIDS Care 11 (5): 591–601.10.1080/09540129947749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kippax, S. 2003. “Sexual Health Interventions Are Unsuitable for Experimental Evaluation.” In Effective Sexual Health Interventions. Issues in Experimental Evaluation, edited by J. M. Stephenson, J. Imrie and C. Bonell, 17–35. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kirby, D. 2007. “Sex and HIV Education Programs: Their Impact on Sexual Behaviors of Young People throughout the World.” Journal of Adolescent Health 40: 206–217.10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.11.143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirby, D. 2008. “The Impact of Abstinence and Comprehensive Sex and STD/HIV Education Programs on Adolescent Sexual Behavior.” Sexuality Research & Social Policy 5: 18–27.
   Google Scholar
• Kirby, D. 2011. Sex Education: Access and Impact on Sexual Behaviour of Young People. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• Kivela, J., E. Ketting, and R. Baltussen. 2011. Cost and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of School-Based Sexuality Education Programmes in Six Countries. Paris: UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• Kohler, P. K., L. E. Manhart, and W. E. Lafferty. 2008. “Abstinence-Only and Comprehensive Sex Education and the Initiation of Sexual Activity and Teen Pregnancy.” Journal of Adolescent Health 42: 344–351.10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kontula, O. 2010. “The Evolution of Sex Education and Students' Sexual Knowledge in Finland in the 2000s.” Sex Education 10: 373–386.10.1080/14681811.2010.515095
   Google Scholar
• Leerlooijer, J. N. 2013. “About Goats, Girls, Boys and the Bees. Promoting Adolescents’ Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Uganda, Indonesia and Thailand; an Intervention Mapping Approach.” PhD diss., Maastricht University.
   Google Scholar
• Leerlooijer, J. N., R. A. Ruiter, J. Reinders, W. Darwisyah, G. Kok, and L. K. Bartholomew. 2011. “The World Starts with Me: Using Intervention Mapping for the Systematic Adaptation and Transfer of School-Based Sexuality Education from Uganda to Indonesia.” Translational Behavioral Medicine 1 (2): 331–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesko, N. 2010. “Feeling Abstinent? Feeling Comprehensive? Touching the Affects of Sexuality Curricula.” Sex Education 10: 281–297.10.1080/14681811.2010.491633
   Google Scholar
• van Lieshout, S. 2013. “Explaining Non-Findings in Kenyan the World Starts with Me Evaluation.” Masters thesis, Maastricht University.
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd, C.B. 2010. “The Role of Schools in Promoting Sexual and Reproductive Health among Adolescents in Developing Countries.” In Social Determinants of Sexual and Reproductive Health. Informing Future Research and Programme Implementation, edited by S. Malarcher, 113–132. Geneva: WHO.
   Google Scholar
• McCave, E. L. 2007. “Comprehensive Sexuality Education Vs. Abstinence-Only Sexuality Education: The Need for Evidence-Based Research and Practice.” School Social Work Journal 32 (1): 14–28.
   Google Scholar
• Michielsen, K., M. F. Chersich, S. Luchters, P. De Koker, R. Van Rossem, and M. Temmerman. 2010. “Effectiveness of HIV Prevention for Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Nonrandomized Trials.” AIDS 24: 1193–1202.10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283384791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michielsen, K., M., Chersich, M., Temmerman, T. Dooms, R. van Rossem. 2012. “Nothing as Practical as a Good Theory? The Theoretical Basis of HIV Prevention Interventions for Young People in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.” AIDS Research and Treatment. pp. 18. Article ID 345327. doi:10.1155/2012/345327.
   Google Scholar
• Njue, C., C. Nzioka, B. M. Ahlberg, A. M. Pertet, and H. A. C. M. Voeten. 2009. “‘If You Don’t Abstain, You Will Die of AIDS’: AIDS Education in Kenyan Public Schools.” AIDS Education and Prevention 21 (2): 169–179.10.1521/aeap.2009.21.2.169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ott, M. A., M. Rouse, J. Resseguie, H. Smith, and S. Woodcox. 2011. “Community-Level Successes and Challenges to Implementing Adolescent Sex Education Programs.” Maternal and Child Health Journal 15: 169–177.10.1007/s10995-010-0574-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poobalan, A. S., E. Pitchforth, M. Imamura, J. S. Tucker, K. Philip, J. Spratt, L. Mandava, and E. van Teijlingen. 2009. “Characteristics of Effective Interventions in Improving Young People’s Sexual Health: A Review of Reviews.” Sex Education 9 (3): 319–336.10.1080/14681810903059185
   Google Scholar
• Power, Lorna, and Cohen Joseph. 2005. Competency-Based Education and Training Delivery: Status, Analysis and Recommendations. Jakarta: USAID Indonesia, DBE3, Save the Children, AED, IRD.
   Google Scholar
• Rana, I., ed. 2014. Most Significant Change Stories from Pakistan. Quetta: Rutgers WPF Pakistan under UFBR Programme.
   Google Scholar
• Rijsdijk, L. E. 2013. “The World Starts with Me: Promoting Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Adolescents in Uganda.” PhD diss., Maastricht University.
   Google Scholar
• Rijsdijk, E. L., R. Lie, A. E. R. Bos, J. N. Leerlooijer, and G. Kok. 2013. “Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights: Implications for Comprehensive Sex Education among Young People in Uganda.” Sex Education 13 (4): 409–422.10.1080/14681811.2012.747432
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogow, D., N. Haberland, A. Del Valle, and M. Skaer. 2013. “Integrating Gender and Rights into Sexuality Education: Field Reports on Using It’s All One.” Reproductive Health Matters 21 (41): 154–166.10.1016/S0968-8080(13)41699-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutgers. 2014. “The World Starts with …” http://www.rutgers.international/node/738?destination=node/623.
   Google Scholar
• Rotheram-Borus, M. J., B. L. Ingram, and D. Flannery. 2008. “Common Principles in Effective Adolescent HIV Prevention Programs.” AIDS and Behavior 12: 374–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotheram-Borus, M. J., D. Swendeman, and D. Flannery. 2009. “Family Wellness, Not HIV Prevention.” AIDS and Behavior 13: 409–413.10.1007/s10461-008-9515-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutgers, W. P. F. 2011. WSWM Overall Report: Evaluation of the Comprehensive, Rights-Based Sexuality Education Programme ‘The World Starts with Me’ in Uganda, Kenya, Indonesia and Thailand. Utrecht: Rutgers WPF.
   Google Scholar
• Schaalma, H., J. Reinders, M. Matasu, S. Kaaya, and K. Klepp. 2004. “When the Researchers Have Gone Home to Write Their Articles. Diffusion and Implementation of School-Based HIV-Prevention Programs in Tanzania.” East African Journal of Public Health 1 (1): 24–32.
   Google Scholar
• Schutte, L., R. M. Meertens, F. E. F. Mevissen, S. Meijer, G. Kok, and H. P. Schaalma. 2014. “Long Live Love. the Implementation of a School-Based Sex-Education Program in the Netherlands.” Health Education Research 29 (4): 583–597.10.1093/her/cyu021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer, G., C. Maxwell, and P. Aggleton. 2008. “What Does ‘Empowerment’ Mean in School‐Based Sex and Relationships Education?” Sex Education 8: 345–356.10.1080/14681810802218437
   Google Scholar
• van de Stok, L. 2014. “Exploring the Effect of College Environments on Implementation Fidelity of the Pilot ‘World Starts with Me’ Programme in Malawi.” Masters thesis, University Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Trenholm, C., B. Devaney, K. Fortson, L. Quay, J. Wheeler, and M. Clark. 2007. Impacts of Four Title V, Section 510 Abstinence Education Programs. Princeton, NJ: Mathematica Policy Research.
   Google Scholar
• UN. 2006. “World Population Prospects. The 2006 Revision.” http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/wpp2006.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Underhill, K., P. Montgomery, and D. Operario. 2007. “Sexual Abstinence Only Programmes to Prevent HIV Infection in High Income Countries: Systematic Review.” BMJ 335: 248.10.1136/bmj.39245.446586.BE
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNESCO. 2009. International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education: An Evidence-Informed Approach for Schools, Teachers and Health Educators. Paris: UNESCO with UNAIDS, UNFPA, UNICEF and WHO.
   Google Scholar
• UNFPA. 2010. Comprehensive Sexuality Education: Advancing Human Rights, Gender Equality and Improved Sexual and Reproductive Health. A Report on an International Consultation to Review Current Evidence and Experience. New York, NY: UNFPA.
   Google Scholar
• UNFPA. 2014. State of World Population 2014: The Power of 1.8 Billion: Adolescents, Youth, and the Transformation of the Future. New York, NY: UNFPA.
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF. 2014. “Generation 2030.” Accessed September 3, 2014. http://data.unicef.org/gen2030/
   Google Scholar
• Vanwesenbeeck, Ine. 2011. “Effective Sex-Ed. Confessions by a Believer.” Paper presented at the 20th World Congress for Sexual Health, Glasgow, June 12–16, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. 2002. “Adolescent Friendly Health Services: An Agenda for Change.” http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/fch_cah_02_14/en/.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. 2011. WHO Guidelines on Preventing Early Pregnancy and Poor Reproductive Outcomes among Adolescents in Developing Countries. Geneva: World Health Organisation.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, L., and L. A. Rolleri. 2014. “Designing an Effective Sexuality Education Curriculum for Schools: Lessons Gleaned from the South(Ern) African Literature.” Sex Education 14 (5): 525–542.10.1080/14681811.2014.918540
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yankah, E., and P. Aggleton. 2008. “Effects and Effectiveness of Life Skills Education for HIV Prevention in Young People.” AIDS Education & Prevention 20: 465–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, I., L. St Leger, and G. Buijs. 2013. School Health Promotion: Evidence for Effective Action. Utrecht: CBO.
   Google Scholar