Learning about sex and relationships among migrant and refugee young people in Sydney, Australia: ‘I never got the talk about the birds and the bees’

References

• Aggleton, P., C. Dennison, and I. Warwick. 2010. “Introduction.” In Promoting Health and Wellbeing through Schools, edited by P. Aggleton, C. Dennison, and I. Warwick, 1–7. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Aggleton, Peter, John de Wit, Ted Myers, and Janice Du Mont. 2014. “New Outcomes for Sexual Health Promotion.” Health Education Research 29 (4): 547–553.10.1093/her/cyu033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agu, Josephine, Roanna Lobo, Gemma Crawford, and Bethwyn Chigwada. 2016. “Migrant Sexual Health Help-Seeking and Experiences of Stigmatization and Discrimination in Perth, Western Australia: Exploring Barriers and Enablers.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13 (5): 485.10.3390/ijerph13050485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2017. “2016 Census: Multicultural.” Australian Bureau of Statistics. Accessed September 8, 2017. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/lookup/Media%20Release3
   Google Scholar
• Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. n.d.-a. “Health and Physical Education: Learning Area.” [Online]. Education Services Australia. Accessed August 20, 2017. http://ac-new.esa.edu.au/health-and-physical-education/structure
   Google Scholar
• Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. n.d.-b. “Implementation of the Australian Curriculum.” [Online]. Education Services Australia. Accessed August 20, 2017. http://ac-new.esa.edu.au/overview/implementation-of-the-australian-curriculum
   Google Scholar
• Bearinger, L. H., R. E. Sieving, J. Ferguson, and V. Sharma. 2007. “Global Perspectives on the Sexual and Reproductive Health of Adolescents: Patterns, Prevention, and Potential.” The Lancet 369 (9568): 1220–1231.10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60367-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botfield, J. R., C. E. Newman, and A. B. Zwi. 2015. “Young People from Culturally Diverse Backgrounds and Their Use of Services for Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs: A Structured Scoping Review.” Sexual Health 13 (1): 1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botfield, J. R., C. E. Newman, and A. B. Zwi. 2017. “Drawing Them in: Professional Perspectives on the Complexities of Engaging ‘Culturally Diverse’ Young People with Sexual and Reproductive Health Promotion and Care in Sydney, Australia.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 19 (4):438–452.10.1080/13691058.2016.1233354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botfield, J. R., C. E. Newman, and A. B. Zwi. 2018. “Engaging Migrant and Refugee Young People with Sexual Health Care: Does Generation Matter More than Culture?” Sexuality Research and Social Policy: 1–11. Accessed February 15, 2018. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13178-018-0320-6
   Google Scholar
• Bourke, A., D. Boduszek, C. Kelleher, O. McBride, and K. Morgan. 2014. “Sex Education, First Sex and Sexual Health Outcomes in Adulthood: Findings from a Nationally Representative Sexual Health Survey.” Sex Education 14: 299–309.10.1080/14681811.2014.887008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2006. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101.10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Brown, G., A. Sorenson, and J. Hildebrand. 2012. “How They Got It and How They Wanted It: Marginalised Young People’s Perspective on Their Experiences of Sexual Health Education.” Sex Education 12 (5): 599–612.10.1080/14681811.2011.634141
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryman, A. 2016. Social Research Methods. 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Buhi, E. R., E. M. Daley, H. J. Fuhrmann, and S. A. Smith. 2009. “An Observational Study of How Young People Search for Online Sexual Health Information.” Journal of American College Health 58 (2): 101–111.10.1080/07448480903221236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evers, C. W., K. Albury, P. Byron, and K. Crawford. 2013. “Young People, Social Media, Social Network Sites and Sexual Health Communication in Australia: ‘This is Funny, You Should Watch It’.” International Journal of Communication 7: 263–280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Family Planning NSW. n.d. “Teachers.” Family Planning NSW. Accessed September 29. www.fpnsw.org.au/health-information/individuals/teachers
   Google Scholar
• Family Planning Victoria. n.d. “Schools & Teachers.” Family Planning Victoria. Accessed 29 September. http://www.fpv.org.au/schools
   Google Scholar
• Formby, Eleanor. 2011. “Sex and Relationships Education, Sexual Health, and Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Sexual Cultures: Views from Young People.” Sex Education 11 (3): 255–266.10.1080/14681811.2011.590078
   Google Scholar
• Formby, Eleanor, Julia Hirst, Jenny Owen, Mark Hayter, and Helen Stapleton. 2010. “‘Selling it as a holistic health provision and not just about condoms …’ Sexual Health Services in School Settings: Current Models and Their Relationship with Sex and Relationships Education Policy and Provision.” Sex Education 10 (4): 423–435.10.1080/14681811.2010.515099
   Google Scholar
• Helmer, J., K. Senior, B. Davison, and A. Vodic. 2015. “Improving Sexual Health for Young People: Making Sexuality Education a Priority.” Sex Education 15 (2): 158–171.10.1080/14681811.2014.989201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillier, L., and A. Mitchell. 2008. “‘It was as useful as a chocolate kettle’: Sex Education in the Lives of Same-Sex-Attracted Young People in Australia.” Sex Education 8 (2): 211–224.10.1080/14681810801981258
   Google Scholar
• Hillier, L., T. Jones, M. Monagle, N. Overton, L. Gahan, J. Blackman, and A. Mitchell. 2010. Writing Themselves in 3: The Third National Study on the Health and Wellbeing of Same Sex Attracted and Gender Questioning Young People. Melbourne: Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University.
   Google Scholar
• Hugo, G., K. McDougall, G. Tan, and H. Feist. 2014. The CALD Youth Census Report 2014. Carlton: VIC Centre for Multicultural Youth.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson Moore, M., E. Barr, K. M. Wilson, and S. Griner. 2016. “Support for Offering Sexual Health Services through School-based Health Clinics.” Journal of School Health 86 (9): 660–668.10.1111/josh.2016.86.issue-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langford, Rebecca, Christopher Bonell, Hayley Jones, Theodora Pouliou, Simon Murphy, Elizabeth Waters, Kelli Komro, Lisa Gibbs, Daniel Magnus, and Rona Campbell. 2015. “The World Health Organization’s Health Promoting Schools Framework: A Cochrane Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.” BMC Public Health 15: 130. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-015-1360-y10.1186/s12889-015-1360-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liamputtong, P. 2009. Qualitative Research Methods. 3rd ed. South Melbourne: Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Manderson, L., M. Kelaher, N. Woelz-Stirling, J. Kaplan, and K. Greene. 2002. “Sex, Contraception and Contradiction among Young Filipinas in Australia.” Culture, Health & Sexuality: An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care 4 (4): 381–391.10.1080/1369105021000041034
   Google Scholar
• Mason, J. 2002. Qualitative Researching. 2nd ed. London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• McKay, A. 2000. “Common Questions about Sexual Health Education.” The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 9: 129–137.
   Google Scholar
• McMichael, C., and S. Gifford. 2009. “‘It is Good to Know Now…Before It’s Too Late’: Promoting Sexual Health Literacy amongst Resettled Young People with Refugee Backgrounds.” Sexuality and Culture 13 (4): 218–236.10.1007/s12119-009-9055-0
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, A., K. Patrick, W. Heywood, P. Blackman, and M. Pitts. 2014. 5th National Survey of Australian Secondary Students and Sexual Health 2013. Melbourne: Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University.
   Google Scholar
• Neale, J. 2016. “Iterative Categorization (IC): A Systematic Technique for Analysing Qualitative Data.” Addiction 111: 1096–1106.10.1111/add.13314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton, M. 2002. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Poljski, C. 2011a. Coming out, Coming Home or Inviting People in? Supporting Same-Sex Attracted Women from Immigrant and Refugee Communities. Melbourne: Multicultural Centre for Women’s Health.
   Google Scholar
• Poljski, C. 2011b. On Your Own: Sexual and Reproductive Health of Female International Students in Australia. Melbourne: Multicultural Centre for Women’s Health.
   Google Scholar
• Pound, Pandora, Rebecca Langford, and Rona Campbell. 2016. “What Do Young People Think about Their School-based Sex and Relationship Education? A Qualitative Synthesis of Young People’s Views and Experiences.” BMJ Open 6 (9): 1–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ransome, P. 2013. Ethics and Values in Social Research. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1007/978-1-137-30387-5
   Google Scholar
• Rawson, H., and P. Liamputtong. 2010. “Culture and Sex Education: The Acquisition of Sexual Knowledge for a Group of Vietnamese Australian Young Women.” Ethnicity & Health 15 (4): 343–364.10.1080/13557851003728264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeders, D. 2011. Responding to Diversity: Meeting the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of International Students. Melbourne: Centre for Culture, Ethnicity & Health.
   Google Scholar
• Robards, F., M. Kang, L. Sanci, K. Steinbeck, S. Jan, C. Hawke, M. Kong, and T. Usherwood. 2017. Access 3: Young People’s Healthcare Journeys, Preliminary Report. Sydney: Department of General Practice, Sydney Medical School Westmead, The University of Sydney in partnership with the Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, The University of Technology Sydney.
   Google Scholar
• Rose, N. 1996. “Governing ‘Advanced’ Liberal Democracies.” In Foucault and Political Reason, edited by A. Barry, T. Osborne, and N. Rose, 37–64. London & Chicago: UCL Press.
   Google Scholar
• Secor-Turner, Molly, Brandy A. Randall, Katie Christensen, Amy Jacobson, and Migdalia Loyola Meléndez. 2017. “Implementing Community-Based Comprehensive Sexuality Education with High-Risk Youth in a Conservative Environment: Lessons Learned.” Sex Education 17 (5): 544–554.10.1080/14681811.2017.1318273
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sexual Health and Family Planning ACT. n.d. “Schools Education Program.” Sexual Health and Family Planning ACT. Accessed September 29. www.shfpact.org.au/community-health-promotion/school-s-educations-program
   Google Scholar
• Shackleton, N., F. Jamal, R. M. Viner, K. Dickson, G. Patton, and C. Bonell. 2016. “School-based Interventions Going beyond Health Education to Promote Adolescent Health: Systematic Review of Reviews.” Journal of Adolescent Health 58 (4): 382–396.10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.12.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shannon, B., and S. J. Smith. 2015. “‘A lot more to learn than where babies come from’: Controversy, Language and Agenda Setting in the Framing of School-Based Sexuality Education Curricula in Australia.” Sex Education 15 (6): 641–654.10.1080/14681811.2015.1055721
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHine SA. n.d. “Support for Schools.” SHine SA. Accessed September 29. www.shinesa.org.au/support-for-schools/
   Google Scholar
• Simon, Laura, and Kristian Daneback. 2013. “Adolescents’ Use of the Internet for Sex Education: A Thematic and Critical Review of the Literature.” International Journal of Sexual Health 25 (4): 305–319.10.1080/19317611.2013.823899
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, A., M. Schlichthorst, A. Mitchell, J. Walsh, A. Lyons, P. Blackman, and M. Pitts. 2011. Sexuality Education in Australian Secondary Schools 2010. Melbourne: La Trobe University, the Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health & Society.
   Google Scholar
• Stardust, Z., J. Gray, B. Mackie, and T. Chen. 2017. Effective HIV Prevention and Health Promotion among Asian Gay and Homosexually Active Men in Sydney. Sydney: ACON.
   Google Scholar
• Svanemyr, J., A. Amin, O. J. Robles, and M. E. Greene. 2015. “Creating an Enabling Environment for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Framework and Promising Approaches.” Journal of Adolescent Health 56: S7–S14.10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.09.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svensson, P., K. Carlzén, and A. Agardh. 2017. “Exposure to Culturally Sensitive Sexual Health Information and Impact on Health Literacy: A Qualitative Study among Newly Arrived Refugee Women in Sweden.” Culture, Health and Sexuality 19 (7): 752–766.10.1080/13691058.2016.1259503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, Felicity, and Peter Aggleton. 2016. “School-based Sex and Relationships Education: Current Knowledge and Emerging Themes.” In Global Perspectives and Key Debates in Sex and Relationships Education: Addressing Issues of Gender, Sexuality, Plurality and Power, edited by Vanita Sundaram and Helen Sauntson, 13–29. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO. 2009. International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education: An Evidence-Informed Approach for Schools, Teachers and Health Educators. Paris: UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO. 2015. Emerging Evidence, Lessons and Practice in Comprehensive Sexuality Education: A Global Review. Paris: UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• Victorian Department of Education and Training. 2017. “Doctors in Secondary Schools.” Victoria State Government. Accessed September 29. http://www.education.vic.gov.au/about/programs/health/Pages/doctors-secondary-schools.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Weaver, H., G. Smith, and S. Kippax. 2005. “School-Based Sex Education Policies and Indicators of Sexual Health among Young People: A Comparison of the Netherlands, France, Australia and the United States.” Sex Education 5 (2): 171–188.10.1080/14681810500038889
   Google Scholar
• Wray, A., J. M. Ussher, and J. Perz. 2014. “Constructions and Experiences of Sexual Health among Young, Heterosexual, Unmarried Muslim Women Immigrants in Australia.” Culture, Health & Sexuality: An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care 16 (1): 76–89.10.1080/13691058.2013.833651
   Google Scholar
• Yeung, A., P. Aggleton, J. Richters, A. Grulich, R. De Visser, J. M. Simpson, and C. Rissel. 2017. “Sex Education: Findings from the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships.” Sexual Health 14: 293–295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar