Sexual consent in K–12 sex education: an analysis of current health education standards in the United States

References

• Beres, M. 2010. “Sexual Miscommunication? Untangling Assumptions about Sexual Communication between Casual Sex Partners.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 12 (1): 1–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beres, M. A. 2007. “‘Spontaneous’ Sexual Consent: An Analysis of Sexual Consent Literature.” Feminism & Psychology 17 (1): 93–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beres, M. A. 2014. “Rethinking the Concept of Consent for Anti-Sexual Violence Activism and Education.” Feminism & Psychology 24 (3): 373–389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blake, S., L. Emerson, J. Hayman, and J. Lees. 2014. “Sex and Relationships Education (SRE) for the 21st Century.” PHSE Association and Sex Education Forum. Available at: http://www.sexeducationforum.org.uk/sites/default/files/field/attachment/SRE%20Advice%202014.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Boone, T. L. 2015. “Messages about Sexuality: An Ecological Perspective.” Sex Education 15 (4): 437–450.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borges, A. M., V. L. Banyard, and M. M. Moynihan. 2008. “Clarifying Consent: Primary Prevention of Sexual Assault on a College Campus.” Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community 36 (1–2): 75–88.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brady, S. S., S. K. Gruber, and J. A. Wolfson. 2016. “Positive and Negative Aspects of Relationship Quality and Unprotected Sex among Young Women.” Sex Education 16 (6): 586–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2006. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101.
   Google Scholar
• Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2017. “College Enrollment and Work Activity of 2016 High School Graduates.” Available at: https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/hsgec.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Foubert, J. D., D. N. Garner, and P. J. Thaxter. 2006. “An Exploration of Fraternity Culture: Implications for Programs to Address Alcohol-Related Sexual Assault.” College Student Journal 40 (2): 361–374.
   Google Scholar
• Gill, P. S. 2015. “Science Teachers’ Decision-Making in Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage (AOUM) Classrooms: Taboo Subjects and Discourses of Sex and Sexuality in Classroom Settings.” Sex Education 15 (6): 686–696.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttmacher Institute. 2017. “Sex and HIV Education.” Available at: https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/explore/sex-and-hiv-education
   Google Scholar
• Hall, K. S., J. M. Sales, K. A. Komro, and J. Santelli. 2016. “The State of Sex Education in the United States.” Journal of Adolescent Health 58 (6): 595–597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallgren, K. A. 2012. “Computing Inter-Rater Reliability for Observational Data: An Overview and Tutorial.” Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology 8 (1): 23–34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haydon, A. A., A. H. Herring, M. J. Prinstein, and C. T. Halpern. 2012. “Beyond Age at First Sex: Patterns of Emerging Sexual Behavior in Adolescence and Young Adulthood.” Journal of Adolescent Health 50 (5): 456–463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helmer, J., K. Senior, B. Davison, and A. Vodic. 2015. “Improving Sexual Health for Young People: Making Sexuality Education a Priority.” Sex Education 15 (2): 158–171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickman, S. E., and C. L. Muehlenhard. 1999. “‘By the Semi‐Mystical Appearance of a Condom’: How Young Women and Men Communicate Sexual Consent in Heterosexual Situations.” Journal of Sex Research 36 (3): 258–272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphreys, T. 2007. “Perceptions of Sexual Consent: The Impact of Relationship History and Gender.” Journal of Sex Research 44 (4): 307–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jozkowski, K. N., and Z. D. Peterson. 2013. “College Students and Sexual Consent: Unique Insights.” Journal of Sex Research 50 (6): 517–523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jozkowski, K. N., K. E. Rhoads, S. N. Canan, and M. Hunt. 2016. “Consent and Refusal Cues Depicted by Characters Engaging in Sexual Behavior in Popular Mainstream Films. Presented as part of symposium entitled: Understanding the Action in “Lights, Camera, Action”: Examining Sexual Behaviors and Sexual Consent Portrayals in Mainstream Films” at the Annual Meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality, Phoenix, AZ. November.
   Google Scholar
• Jozkowski, K. N., S. Sanders, Z. D. Peterson, B. Dennis, and M. Reece. 2014. “Consenting to Sexual Activity: The Development and Psychometric Assessment of Dual Measures of Consent.” Archives of Sexual Behavior 43 (3): 437–450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jozkowski, K. N., and J. D. Wiersma. 2015. “Does Drinking Alcohol Prior to Sexual Activity Influence College Students’ Consent?” International Journal of Sexual Health 27 (2): 156–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landry, D. J., J. E. Darroch, S. Singh, and J. Higgins. 2003. “Factors Associated with the Content of Sex Education in US Public Secondary Schools.” Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 35 (6): 261–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcantonio, T., K. N. Jozkowski, and J. Wiersma-Mosley. 2018. “The Influence of Partner Status and Sexual Behavior on College Women’s Consent Communication and Feelings.” Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 1–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKay, E., C. Vlazny, and S. Cumming. 2017. “Relationships and Sexuality Education Topics Taught in Western Australian Secondary Schools during 2014.” Sex Education 17 (4): 454–470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muehlenhard, C. L., T. P. Humphreys, K. N. Jozkowski, and Z. D. Peterson. 2016. “The Complexities of Sexual Consent among College Students: A Conceptual and Empirical Review.” Journal of Sex Research 53 (4–5): 457–487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oertona, S., and H. Bowen. 2014. “Key Issues in Sex Education: Reflecting on Teaching, Learning and Assessment.” Sex Education 14 (6): 679–691.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortiz, R., and A. Shafer. 2017. “Define Your Line: Evaluating a Peer-To-Peer Sexual Consent Education Campaign to Improve Sexual Consent Understanding among Undergraduate Students.” Journal of Adolescent Health 60 (2): S105–S106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PSHE Association. 2018. “Guidance on Teaching about Consent in PSHE Education (Key Stages 3 & 4).” Available at: https://www.pshe-association.org.uk/curriculum-and-resources/resources/guidance-teaching-about-consent-pshe-education-key.
   Google Scholar
• Rothman, E. F., and A. Adhia. 2016. “Adolescent Pornography Use and Dating Violence among a Sample of Primarily Black and Hispanic, Urban-Residing, Underage Youth.” Behavioral Sciences 6 (1): 1-11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shannon, B., and S. J. Smith. 2015. “‘A Lot More to Learn than Where Babies Come From’: Controversy, Language and Agenda Setting in the Framing of School-Based Sexuality Education Curricula in Australia.” Sex Education 15 (6): 641–654.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willis, M., S. N. Canan, K. N. Jozkowski, and A. J. Bridges. 2018. “How is Sexual Consent Modeled in Popular Pornography?” Presented at the 44th Annual Meeting of the International Academy of Sex Research. Madrid, Spain. July.
   Google Scholar