1,134
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The decline in intentions to stop watching pornography among young adults

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Received 14 Oct 2022, Accepted 03 Jan 2024, Published online: 21 Jan 2024

References

  • Ahorsu, D. K., Adjorlolo, S., Nurmala, I., Ruckwongpatr, K., Strong, C., & Lin, C.-Y. (2023). Problematic porn use and cross-cultural differences: A brief review. Current Addiction Reports, 10(3), 572–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-023-00505-3
  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  • Ali, A. A. Z., Muhammad, N. A., Jamil, T. R., Ahmad, S., & Abd Aziz, N. A. (2021). Internet pornography exposures amongst young people in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study looking into the role of gender and perceived realism versus the actual sexual activities. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 14, 100350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100350
  • Angkau, V. A., Ma’rof, A. A., & Abdullah, H. (2020). The effects of watching internet pornography on internet-pornography viewing disorder (IPD) among internet pornography users in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Human Ecology, 1(6), 77–84.
  • Ashraaf, M. A., & Othman, N. (2019). Factors for pornography addiction and its implication on teenager personality. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(11), 1148–1160. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i11/6643
  • Bőthe, B., Tóth-Király, I., Bella, N., Potenza, M. N., Demetrovics, Z., & Orosz, G. (2021). Why do people watch pornography? The motivational basis of pornography use. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 35(2), 172–186. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000603
  • Camilleri, C., Perry, J. T., & Sammut, S. (2020). Compulsive internet pornography use and mental health: A cross-sectional study in a sample of university students in the United States. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 613244. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.613244
  • Caponnetto, P., Maglia, M., Prezzavento, G. C., & Pirrone, C. (2022). Sexual addiction, hypersexual behavior and relative psychological dynamics during the period of social distancing and stay-at-home policies due to COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 2704. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052704
  • Chan, L. S. (2017). Who uses dating apps? Exploring the relationships among trust, sensation-seeking, smartphone use, and the intent to use dating apps based on the Integrative Model. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 246–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.053
  • Chan, L. S. (2018). Liberating or disciplining? A technofeminist analysis of the use of dating apps among women in urban China. Communication, Culture and Critique, 11(2), 298–314. https://doi.org/10.1093/ccc/tcy004
  • Chao, C., Hegarty, N., & Fray, I. (2016). Impact of movie streaming over traditional DVD movie rental—An empirical study. Journal of Industrial and Intelligent Information, 4(2), 104–109. https://doi.org/10.18178/jiii.4.2.104-109
  • Cheang, M. (2016). Review: Deadpool. The Star Online. https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/movies/2016/02/12/movie-review-deadpool
  • Cheema, S. (2021, January 25). Nearly 3,000 porn sites banned by Malaysia but people still found a way. Mashable SEA | Latest Entertainment & Trending. https://sea.mashable.com/culture/14216/malaysia-is-extremely-efficient-when-it-comes-to-banning-porn-sites
  • Coyne, S. M., Ward, L. M., Kroff, S. L., Davis, E. J., Holmgren, H. G., Jensen, A. C., Erickson, S. E., & Essig, L. W. (2019). Contributions of mainstream sexual media exposure to sexual attitudes, perceived peer norms, and sexual behavior: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 64(4), 430–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.11.016
  • Daneback, K., Ševčíková, A., & Ježek, S. (2018). Exposure to online sexual materials in adolescence and desensitization to sexual content. Sexologies, 27(3), e71–e76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2018.04.001
  • Dawson, K., Tafro, A., & Štulhofer, A. (2019). Adolescent sexual aggressiveness and pornography use: A longitudinal assessment. Aggressive Behavior, 45(6), 587–597. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21854
  • Dillman Carpentier, F. R., Stevens, E. M., Wu, L., & Seely, N. (2017). Sex, love, and risk-n-responsibility: A content analysis of entertainment television. Mass Communication & Society, 20(5), 686–709. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2017.1298807
  • Doornwaard, S. M., Bickham, D. S., Rich, M., Vanwesenbeeck, I., van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., & ter Bogt, T. F. M. (2014). Sex-related online behaviors and adolescents’ body and sexual self-perceptions. Pediatrics, 134(6), 1103–1110. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-0592
  • Efrati, Y., & Boniel-Nissim, M. (2021). Parents’ psychopathology promotes the adoption of ineffective pornography-related parenting mediation strategies. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 47(2), 117–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2020.1835759
  • Fathin, R., Normala, R., Lukman, Z., Azlini, C., & Kamal, M. (2018). Misperception and attitude of society against pornography. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, II(XII), 115–118.
  • GDP growth (annual %)—Malaysia. (2022). World Bank open data. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=MY
  • George, M., Maheshwari, S., Chandran, S., & Rao, T. S. (2019). Psychosocial aspects of pornography. Journal of Psychosexual Health, 1(1), 44–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631831818821535
  • Goh, P. H., Phuah, L. A., Low, Y. H., Goh, P. H., Phuah, L. A., & Low, Y. H. (2023). Pornography consumption and sexual health among emerging adults from Malaysia: An observational study. Sexual Health, 20(2), 134–147. https://doi.org/10.1071/SH22181
  • Goldsmith, K., Dunkley, C. R., Dang, S. S., & Gorzalka, B. B. (2017). Pornography consumption and its association with sexual concerns and expectations among young men and women. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 26(2), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjhs.262-a2
  • Gong, R. (2020). Digital inclusion: Assessing meaningful internet connectivity in Malaysia. Khazanah Research Institute.
  • Grigoropoulos, I. (2023). Normative pressure affects attitudes toward pornography. Sexuality & Culture, 27(3), 739–760. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-022-10036-0
  • Hirayama, M. (2019). Developments in information technology and the sexual depression of Japanese youth since 2000. International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure, 2(1-2), 95–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41978-019-00034-2
  • Hj Ramli, N. H., Alavi, M., Mehrinezhad, S. A., & Ahmadi, A. (2018). Academic stress and self-regulation among university students in Malaysia: Mediator role of mindfulness. Behavioral Sciences, 8(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs8010012
  • Isa, A. M., Mahmud, W. A. W., Sulaiman, W. I. W., & Pitchan, M. A. (2019). Netflix and dilemma of content regulation in Malaysia. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 28(16), 460–468.
  • Jang, K., Park, N., & Song, H. (2016). Social comparison on Facebook: Its antecedents and psychological outcomes. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 147–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.082
  • Jiang, S., & Ngien, A. (2020). The effects of Instagram use, social comparison, and self-esteem on social anxiety: A survey study in Singapore. Social Media + Society, 6(2), 205630512091248. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120912488
  • Kamaruddin, K., Razalli, R., & Ariffin, A. (2018). Prevalence of premarital sexual intercourse and its associated factors: A cross-sectional study among adolescents in Malaysian Secondary School. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(6), 1252–1264. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i6/4513
  • Khalaf, Z. F., Low, W. Y., Merghati-Khoei, E., & Ghorbani, B. (2014). Sexuality education in Malaysia: Perceived issues and barriers by professionals. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 26(4), 358–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539513517258
  • Khalili, J. (2020, November 8). Porn ban drives extraordinary spike in VPN usage. TechRadar. https://www.techradar.com/news/porn-ban-drives-extraordinary-spike-in-vpn-usage
  • Kholisoh, N., Mahmudah, S. M., & Saifudin, M. (2021). Media literacy among adolescents: Preventive to the impact of pornography on YouTube social media in south Tangerang. ICCD, 3(1), 196–201. https://doi.org/10.33068/iccd.Vol3.Iss1.337
  • Kumar, P., Patel, V. K., Bhatt, R. B., Vasavada, D. A., Sangma, R. D., & Tiwari, D. S. (2021). Prevalence of problematic pornography use and attitude toward pornography among the undergraduate medical students. Journal of Psychosexual Health, 3(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631831821989677
  • Lahey, B. B. (2021). Ordinary origins of psychological problems: Transacting with the world. In B. B. Lahey (Ed.), Dimensions of psychological problems: Replacing diagnostic criteria with a more science-based and less stigmatizing approach (p. 0). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197607909.003.0009
  • Leary, M. R. (2016). Introduction to behavioral research methods. Pearson Education.
  • Lim, J. (2017). These were the top 10 most watched music videos on YouTube Malaysia in 2017. https://says.com/my/entertainment/youtube-reveals-malaysia-s-top-10-most-watched-music-videos-of-2017
  • Lim, M. (2017). Factors related to intention to stop pornography viewing among Malaysian youth Facebook users [Master’s thesis]. Universiti Putra Malaysia.
  • Martini, D., & Gangadharbatla, H. (2023). Pornified Content on Social Media: Exploring the Impact on Brazilian Addicts. The Journal of Social Media in Society, 12(1), 1.
  • Mathew, P., & Krishnan, R. (2020). Impact of problematic internet use on the self-esteem of adolescents in the selected school, Kerala, India. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 34(3), 122–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2020.02.008
  • McNabney, S. M., Hevesi, K., & Rowland, D. L. (2020). Effects of pornography use and demographic parameters on sexual response during masturbation and partnered sex in women. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3130. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093130
  • Michelle. (2017, March 17). Pornhub reveals Malaysian women ranking 7th in world for watching porn on mobile. WORLD OF BUZZ. https://worldofbuzz.com/pornhub-reveals-malaysian-women-ranking-7th-world-watching-porn-mobile/
  • Miller, D. J., McBain, K. A., Li, W. W., & Raggatt, P. T. F. (2019). Pornography, preference for porn-like sex, masturbation, and men’s sexual and relationship satisfaction. Personal Relationships, 26(1), 93–113. https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12267
  • Mishra, P., Pandey, C. M., Singh, U., Gupta, A., Sahu, C., & Keshri, A. (2019). Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 22(1), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.ACA_157_18
  • Mohamed Abdul Kadir, J., Yusof, Z., & Gulam Hassan, M. A. (2016, May 24). The impact of goods and services tax (GST) in Malaysia [Paper presentation]. The 7th Global Conference. The Forum for Economists International. Amsterdam, Netherland.
  • Namewee. (Director). (2022, January 9). CNY Song for the Year of Tiger ! Namewee. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XThOPqouX4I
  • Nicklin, L. L., Swain, E., & Lloyd, J. (2020). Reactions to unsolicited violent, and sexual, explicit media content shared over social media: Gender differences and links with prior exposure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124296
  • Nieh, H.-P., Chang, L.-Y., Chang, H.-Y., Chiang, T.-L., & Yen, L.-L. (2020). Pubertal timing, parenting style, and trajectories of pornography use in adolescence: Peer pornography use as the mediator. Journal of Sex Research, 57(1), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2019.1623163
  • Nikkelen, S. W. C., van Oosten, J. M. F., & van den Borne, M. M. J. J. (2020). Sexuality education in the digital era: Intrinsic and extrinsic predictors of online sexual information seeking among youth. Journal of Sex Research, 57(2), 189–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2019.1612830
  • Oke, A. E. (2023). The tower: An ACT-based product system that helps porn addicts eliminate shame and develop healthier habits aligned with their core values [PhD thesis]. Rochester Institute of Technology.
  • Perry, S. L. (2017). Does viewing pornography reduce marital quality over time? Evidence from longitudinal data. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(2), 549–559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0770-y
  • Person, C., Hurka, S., & Knill, C. (2016). Opposite trends in the regulation of pornography? Policy differentiation and policy convergence across 26 countries between 1960 and 2010. Journal of Sex Research, 53(7), 860–872. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2015.1100701
  • Peterson, A. J., Silver, G. K., Bell, H. A., Guinosso, S. A., & Coyle, K. K. (2023). Young people’s views on pornography and their sexual development, attitudes, and behaviors: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 18(2), 171–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2022.2096163
  • Pirrone, D., Zondervan-Zwijnenburg, M., Reitz, E., van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., & ter Bogt, T. F. M. (2022). Pornography use profiles and the emergence of sexual behaviors in adolescence. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 51(2), 1141–1156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02140-3
  • Pornhub Insights. (2016, January 6). Pornhub’s 2015 year in review - Pornhub Insights. https://www.pornhub.com/insights/pornhub-2015-year-in-review
  • Potenza, M. N. (2018). Pornography in the current digital technology environment: An overview of a special issue on pornography. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 25(4), 241–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2019.1567411
  • Prastyanti, R. A., Yafi, E., Wardiono, K., & Budiono, A. (2021). The legal aspect of consumers’ protection from pop-up advertisements in Indonesia. Lentera Hukum, 8(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v8i1.23479
  • Prihadi, K. D., Wong, C. Y. S., Chong, E. Y. V., & Chong, K. Y. X. (2020). Suicidal thoughts among university students: The role of mattering, state self-esteem and depression level. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 9(3), 494. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i3.20587
  • Qadri, H. M., Waheed, A., Munawar, A., Saeed, H., Abdullah, S., Munawar, T., Luqman, S., Saffi, J., Ahmad, A., & Babar, M. S. (2023). Physiological, psychosocial and substance abuse effects of pornography addiction: A narrative review. Cureus, 15(1), e33703.
  • Rahimi, R. A., & Park, K.-H. (2020). A comparative study of internet architecture and applications of online music streaming services: The impact on the global music industry growth [Paper presentation]. 2020 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT) (pp. 1–6). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICoICT49345.2020.9166225
  • Raj, M. (2019). It’s off! Stripper movie ‘Hustlers’ starring Jennifer Lopez banned in Malaysia for cuts and nudity. Malay Mail. https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2019/09/20/its-off-stripper-movie-hustlers-starring-jenifer-lopez-banned-in-malaysia-f/1792590
  • Rasmussen, E. E., Rhodes, N., Ortiz, R. R., & White, S. R. (2016). The relation between norm accessibility, pornography use, and parental mediation among emerging adults. Media Psychology, 19(3), 431–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2015.1054944
  • Regan, P. C. (2016). Sexual instinct and sexual desire. In The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of gender and sexuality studies (pp. 1–3). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss301
  • Revanth, P. R., Shahin, M. D., Vellaiyan, D. A., Balachandar, D. S., Babu, L., Muthukumaran, D. A., & Chouhan, D. D. S. (2023). Pornography: Addiction enslavement inundating the mankind. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 14(2), 2771–2776. https://doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2023.14.02.335
  • Rostad, W. L., Gittins-Stone, D., Huntington, C., Rizzo, C. J., Pearlman, D., & Orchowski, L. (2019). The association between exposure to violent pornography and teen dating violence in grade 10 high school students. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(7), 2137–2147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-1435-4
  • Saeed, F., & Awan, A. G. (2020). Does technological advancement really affects economic growth of Pakistan. Global Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(2), 134–156.
  • Sanz-Barbero, B., Pérez-Martínez, V., Estévez-García, J. F., & Vives-Cases, C. (2023). Is sexual attraction and place of origin a moderator of sex in pornography consumption? Cross-sectional study on a representative sample of young adults. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1347. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16216-3
  • Sarnon, N., Sharif, N. H. M., Mokhtar, D., Zakaria, S. M., Zakaria, E., others. (2020). “Tahu Salah Tapi Mahu”: Cabaran Remaja Perempuan Berhenti Menonton Pornografi (It’s wrong but I still want it: The challenges for teenage girls staying away from pornography). Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 34(2), 227–239.
  • Shim, J. W., & Paul, B. M. (2014). The role of anonymity in the effects of inadvertent exposure to online pornography among young adult males. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 42(5), 823–834. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.5.823
  • Shrivastava, T., Agarwal, P., Vora, V., & Sethi, Y. (2022). Aggravation of obsessive-compulsive disorder due to excessive porn consumption: A case report. Cureus, 14(12), e33018. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33018
  • Sirianni, J. M., & Vishwanath, A. (2016). Problematic online pornography use: A media attendance perspective. Journal of Sex Research, 53(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2014.980496
  • Statista. (2019). Malaysia: Internet data price trend 2019. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/888171/malaysia-internet-data-price-trend/
  • Štulhofer, A., Rousseau, A., & Shekarchi, R. (2020). A two-wave assessment of the structure and stability of self-reported problematic pornography use among male Croatian adolescents. International Journal of Sexual Health, 32(2), 151–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2020.1765940
  • Svedin, C. G., Donevan, M., Bladh, M., Priebe, G., Fredlund, C., & Jonsson, L. S. (2023). Associations between adolescents watching pornography and poor mental health in three Swedish surveys. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(9), 1765–1780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-022-01992-x
  • Tan, S. A., Ng, S. H. L., Hoo, J. J. Y., Gan, S. W., Nainee, S., Yap, C. C., Lee, L. K., Zaharim, N. M., & Goh, Y. S. (2022). The pornography use and its addiction among emerging adults in Malaysia: Perceived realism as a mediator. PloS One, 17(5), e0268724. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268724
  • The 2019 Year in Review—Pornhub Insights. (2019, December 11). The 2019 year in review - Pornhub Insights. https://www.pornhub.com/insights/2019-year-in-review
  • The Straits Times. (2018, December 22). PM Mahathir to overhaul Malaysia’s schools, saying too much focus on Islamic studies now. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/pm-mahathir-to-overhaul-malaysias-schools-saying-too-much-focus-on-islam-studies-now
  • Turner, J. S. (2011). Sex and the spectacle of music videos: An examination of the portrayal of race and sexuality in music videos. Sex Roles, 64(3–4), 173–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9766-6
  • Ward, L. M., Erickson, S. E., Lippman, J. R., & Giaccardi, S. (2016). Sexual media content and effects. In Oxford research encyclopedia of communication. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.2
  • White, K. M., Jimmieson, N. L., Obst, P. L., Graves, N., Barnett, A., Cockshaw, W., Gee, P., Haneman, L., Page, K., Campbell, M., Martin, E., & Paterson, D. (2015). Using a theory of planned behaviour framework to explore hand hygiene beliefs at the ‘5 critical moments’ among Australian hospital-based nurses. BMC Health Services Research, 15(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0718-2
  • Widman, L., Javidi, H., Maheux, A. J., Evans, R., Nesi, J., & Choukas-Bradley, S. (2021). Sexual communication in the digital age: Adolescent sexual communication with parents and friends about sexting, pornography, and starting relationships online. Sexuality & Culture, 25(6), 2092–2109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-021-09866-1
  • Wm, W. A., Chang, P. K., & Aziz, J. (2009). Film censorship in Malaysia: Sanctions of religious, cultural and moral values. Jurnal Komunikasi, 25, 42–49.
  • Yu, C., Kågesten, A. E., Meyer, S. D., Moreau, C., Reeuwijk, M., van., & Lou, C. (2021). Pornography use and perceived gender norms among young adolescents in urban poor environments: A cross-site study. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 69(1S), S31–S38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.03.008
  • Yunus, R. (2020). Increasing streaming subscribers signals viewing preferences. Themalaysianreserve. https://themalaysianreserve.com/2020/08/03/increasing-streaming-subscribers-signals-viewing-preferences/
  • Zurairi, A. R. (2020). “Religionisation” of schools and a parent’s dilemma. Malay Mail. https://www.malaymail.com/news/opinion/2020/01/26/religionisation-of-schools-and-a-parents-dilemma/1831491