Bibliography
- Akdağ, Gül Arikan. “Rational Political Parties and Electoral Games: The AKP’s Strategic Move for the Kurdish Vote in Turkey.” Turkish Studies 17, no. 1 (2016): 126–154. doi: 10.1080/14683849.2015.1103188
- Akkoyunlu, Erdinç. “Erdoğan çözümün yol haritasını 1991’de çizdi.” Star, March 25, 2015. Accessed June 28, 2016. http://www.star.com.tr/mobil/mobildetay.asp?Newsid=1013558.
- AK Parti. “Soruları ve Cevaplarıyla Demokratik Açılım Süreci: Milli Birlik ve Kardeşlik Projeesi.” Accessed June 27, 2016. https://www.akparti.org.tr/upload/documents/acilim220110.pdf .
- AK Parti. “1 Haziran Diyarbakır Mitingi konuşmasının tam metni.” Accessed January 19, 2018. https://www.akparti.org.tr/site/pdf/1-haziran-diyarbakir-mitingi-konusmasinin-tam-metni/8230.
- Akturk, Sener. “Persistence of the Islamic Millet as an Ottoman Legacy: Mono-Religious and Anti-Ethnic Definition of Turkish Nationhood.” Middle Eastern Studies 45, no. 6 (2009): 893–909. doi: 10.1080/00263200903294229
- Aktürk, Şener. Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood in Germany, Russia, and Turkey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
- Akturk, Sener. “Religion and Nationalism: Contradictions of Islamic Origins and Secular Nation-Building in Turkey, Algeria, and Pakistan.” Social Science Quarterly 96, no. 3 (2015): 778–806. doi: 10.1111/ssqu.12191
- Aktürk, Şener. “Why Did the PKK Declare Revolutionary People’s War in July 2015?” POMEPS, November 29, 2016. Accessed July 30, 2017. https://pomeps.org/2016/11/29/why-did-the-pkk-declare-revolutionary-peoples-war-in-july-2015/, 2016.
- Aktürk, Sener. “Turkey’s Civil Rights Movement and the Reactionary Coup: Segregation, Emancipation, and the Western Reaction.” Insight Turkey 18, no. 3 (2016): 141–167.
- Al, Serhun. “Elite Discourses, Nationalism and Moderation: A Dialectical Analysis of Turkish and Kurdish Nationalisms.” Ethnopolitics 14, no. 1 (2015): 94–112. doi: 10.1080/17449057.2014.937638
- Aşık, Melih. “Milletin adı yoksa.” Milliyet, November 2, 2013. Accessed June 25, 2016. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/milletin-adi-yoksa/gundem/ydetay/1785930/default.htm.
- Bardakçi, Mehmet. “The Alevi Opening of the AKP Government in Turkey: Walking a Tightrope Between Democracy and Identity.” Turkish Studies 16, no. 3 (2015): 349–370. doi: 10.1080/14683849.2015.1050959
- BBC. “Ankara restores Armenian church.” March 29, 2007. Accessed January 20, 2018. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6505927.stm.
- Belge, Ceren. “Friends of the Court: the Republican Alliance and Selective Activism of the Constitutional Court of Turkey.” Law & Society Review 40, no. 3 (2006): 653–692. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5893.2006.00276.x
- Bengütürk. “Nihayet ‘Büyük Türk Milleti’ dedi.” August 28, 2014. Accessed June 25, 2016. http://www.benguturk.com/nihayet-buyuk-turk-milleti-dedi_d7573.html.
- Bianet. “Erdoğan: Kürt sorunu hepimizin sorunu.” August 12, 2005. Accessed June 27, 2016. http://bianet.org/bianet/siyaset/65194-erdogan-kurt-sorunu-hepimizin-sorunu.
- Bianet. “Erdoğan: Gölge Etmeyin, Barış Projesine Kapınızı Kapatmayın.” August 11, 2009. Accessed June 28, 2016. http://bianet.org/kurdi/siyaset/116398-erdogan-golge-etmeyin-baris-projesine-kapinizi-kapatmayin.
- Borovali, Murat, and Cemil Boyraz. “The Alevi Workshops: An Opening Without an Outcome?” Turkish Studies 16, no. 2 (2015): 145–160. doi: 10.1080/14683849.2015.1043279
- Bulut, Arslan. “Tayyip Bey’in milliyeti!” Yeniçağ, April 14, 2016. Accessed June 25, 2016. http://www.yenicaggazetesi.com.tr/tayyip-beyin-milliyeti-37868yy.htm.
- Bursa Belediyesi. “Atatürk Kongre Merkezi Başbakan Erdoğan tarafından açıldı.” June 6, 2010. Accessed June 28, 2016. http://www.bursa.bel.tr/ataturk-kongre-merkezi-basbakan-erdogan-tarafindan-hizmete-acildi/haber/2832.
- Çarkoğlu, Ali. “Political Preferences of the Turkish Electorate: Reflections of an Alevi-Sunni Cleavage.” Turkish Studies 6, no. 2 (2005): 273–292. doi: 10.1080/14683840500119593
- Çarkoğlu, Ali, and Nazlı Çağın Bilgili. “A Precarious Relationship: The Alevi Minority, the Turkish State and the EU.” South European Society and Politics 16, no. 2 (2011): 351–364. doi: 10.1080/13608746.2011.577956
- Cengiz, Firat, and Lars Hoffmann. “Rethinking Conditionality: Turkey’s European Union Accession and the Kurdish Question.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 51, no. 3 (2013): 416–432.
- Çiçek, Cuma. “Elimination or Integration of Pro-Kurdish Politics: Limits of the AKP’s Democratic Initiative.” Turkish Studies 12, no. 1 (2011): 15–26. doi: 10.1080/14683849.2011.563498
- CNN Türk. “Başbakan Erdoğan Alevi iftarında.” January 7, 2009. Accessed January 19, 2018. https://www.cnnturk.com/2009/turkiye/01/07/basbakan.erdogan.alevi.iftarinda/507994.0/index.html.
- CNN Türk. “Alevi açılımı AK Parti içinde sorun yarattı.” January 15, 2008. Accessed January 20, 2018. https://www.cnnturk.com/2008/turkiye/01/15/alevi.acilimi.ak.parti.icinde.sorun.yaratti/419891.0/index.html.
- Çolak, Yilmaz. “Ottomanism vs. Kemalism: Collective Memory and Cultural Pluralism in 1990s Turkey.” Middle Eastern Studies 42, no. 4 (2006): 587–602. doi: 10.1080/00263200600642274
- Coşkun, Ahmet Hakan. “Markar Esayan’ın Mehmet Metiner’den farkı yok.” Hürriyet, July 1, 2015. Accessed January 20, 2018. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yazarlar/ahmet-hakan/markar-esayan-in-metiner-den-farki-yok-29426549.
- Cumhuriyet. “16 Nisan 2017 Referandum Haritası.” 2017. Accessed January 20, 2018. http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/referandum_2017_16_nisan/.
- Delsett, Andreas Liebe, ed. The Saladin Anthology. Oslo: Litteraturhuset, 2015.
- Demiralp, Seda. “The Odd Tango of the Islamic Right and Kurdish Left in Turkey: A Peripheral Alliance to Redesign the Centre?” Middle Eastern Studies 48, no. 2 (2012): 287–302. doi: 10.1080/00263206.2011.652780
- Dressler, Markus. Writing Religion: The Making of Turkish Alevi Islam. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
- Efegil, Ertan. “Analysis of the AKP Government’s Policy Toward the Kurdish Issue.” Turkish Studies 12, no. 1 (2011): 27–40. doi: 10.1080/14683849.2011.563938
- Ekmekci, Faruk. “Understanding Kurdish Ethno-Nationalism in Turkey: Socio-Economy, Religion, and Politics.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 34, no. 9 (2011): 1608–1617. doi: 10.1080/01419870.2010.538425
- Fisher Onar, Nora. “Echoes of a Universalism Lost: Rival Representations of the Ottomans in Today’s Turkey.” Middle Eastern Studies 45, no. 2 (2009): 229–241. doi: 10.1080/00263200802697290
- Gerçek Gündem. “Erdoğan: Gürcü asıllıyım.” August 6, 2014. Accessed June 25, 2016. http://www.gercekgundem.com/siyaset/61662/erdogan-gurcu-asilliyim.
- Güzel, Hasan Celal. “Tek Millet, Tek Bayrak, Tek Vatan, Tek Devlet.” Sabah, March 5, 2013. Accessed June 25, 2016. http://www.sabah.com.tr/yazarlar/guzel/2013/03/05/tek-millet-tek-bayrak-tek-vatan-tek-devlet.
- Haber7. “Özerklik isteyenlere Erdoğan sert çıktı.” August 15, 2011. Accessed June 29, 2016. http://www.haber7.com/partiler/haber/774733-ozerklik-isteyenlere-erdogan-sert-cikti.
- Haberler.com. “Başbakan Erdoğan: Sünni-Alevi Böyle Bir Şeyi Tanımayacağız.” December 13, 2013. Accessed in June 30, 2016. http://www.haberler.com/basbakan-erdogan-sunni-alevi-boyle-bir-seyi-5423470-haberi/.
- Habertürk. “Erdoğan’dan tarihi konuşma: Demokratik açılım sürecinin manifestosu.” August 12, 2009. Accessed June 28, 2016. http://www.haberturk.com/gundem/haber/164769-erdogandan-tarihi-konusma.
- Hürriyet. “Almanya’daki Alevilerden yanıt: Erdoğan nezdinde terfi ettik.” April 29, 2014. Accessed June 30, 2016. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/almanya-daki-alevilerden-yanit-erdogan-nezdinde-terfi-ettik-26318618.
- Hürriyet. “Babama Laz mıyız Türk müyüz diye sordum.” April 17, 2016. Accessed January 19, 2018. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/erdogan-babama-laz-miyiz-turk-muyuz-diye-sordum-40089936.
- Hürriyet. “Başbakan Diyarbakır’da konuştu.” June 1, 2011. Accessed June 26, 2016. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/basbakan-diyarbakirda-konustu-17925898.
- Hürriyet. “Milliyetçilik ayak altında.” February 18, 2013. Accessed June 25, 2016. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/erdogan-milliyetcilik-ayak-altinda-22621388.
- Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus. Civilizing the Enemy: German Reconstruction and the Invention of the West. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006.
- Jacoby, Tim, and Hüsrev Tabak. “Islam, Nationalism, and Kurdish Ethnopolitics in Turkey.” Peace Review 27, no. 3 (2015): 346–353. doi: 10.1080/10402659.2015.1063379
- Karaosmanoğlu, Kerem. “Beyond Essentialism: Negotiating Alevi Identity in Urban Turkey.” Identities 20, no. 5 (2013): 580–597. doi: 10.1080/1070289X.2013.823088
- Kardaş, Tuncay, and Ali Balci. “Inter-Societal Security Trilemma in Turkey: Understanding the Failure of the 2009 Kurdish Opening.” Turkish Studies 17, no. 1 (2016): 155–180. doi: 10.1080/14683849.2015.1126183
- Kaya, Ayhan. “The Alevi-Bektashi Order in Turkey: Syncretism Transcending National Borders.” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 16, no. 2 (2016): 275–294. doi: 10.1080/14683857.2015.1120465
- Köse, Talha. “Ideological or Religious? Contending Visions on the Future of Alevi Identity.” Identities 19, no. 5 (2012): 576–596. doi: 10.1080/1070289X.2012.734767
- Köse, Talha. “Between Nationalism, Modernism and Secularism: The Ambivalent Place of ‘Alevi Identities’.” Middle Eastern Studies 49, no. 4 (2013): 590–607. doi: 10.1080/00263206.2013.798309
- Kurt, Hasan. “Bu milletin adı ne?” Kuzey Ekspres. Accessed June 25, 2016. http://www.kuzeyekspres.com.tr/bu-milletin-adi-ne-40653h.htm.
- Lord, Ceren. “Rethinking the Justice and Development Party’s ‘Alevi Openings’.” Turkish Studies 18, no. 2 (2017): 278–296. doi: 10.1080/14683849.2016.1257913
- Milliyet. “Erdoğan: Alevilik Hz. Ali’yi sevmekse ben dört dörtlük bir Alevi’yim.” July 17, 2013. Accessed in June 30, 2016. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/erdogan-alevilik-hz-ali-yi/siyaset/detay/1738091/default.htm.
- Milliyet. “Erdogan’a 10 ay hapis.” April 22, 1998. Accessed June 27, 2016. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/1998/04/22/siyaset/siy00.html.
- Milliyet. “Ulus devleti bozmayın.” August 12, 2009. Accessed June 27, 2016. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/Siyaset/HaberDetay.aspx?aType=HaberDetay&KategoriID=4&ArticleID=1127442&Date=12.08.2009&b=Ulus%20devleti%20bozmayin.
- NTV. “Erdoğan’ın konuşmasının tam metni.” June 11, 2009. Accessed June 28, 2016. http://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/erdoganin-konusmasinin-tam-metni,aLzuEGq-8k6LVNb_uQWamg.
- Özdil, Yılmaz. “Laz mıyız Türk müyüz?.” Sözcü, April 19, 2016. Accessed June 25, 2016. http://www.sozcu.com.tr/2016/yazarlar/yilmaz-ozdil/laz-miyiz-turk-muyuz-1190537/.
- Özkul, Derya. “Alevi “Openings” and Politicization of the “Alevi Issue” During the AKP Rule.” Turkish Studies 16, no. 1 (2015): 80–96. doi: 10.1080/14683849.2015.1022722
- Par, Kübra. “Alevi dedesiyim, yaşam biçimim farklı, bunu her yerde söylüyorum.” Habertürk, November 30, 2014. Accessed January 19, 2018. http://www.haberturk.com/gundem/haber/1014298-alevi-dedesiyim-yasam-bicimim-farkli-bunu-her-yerde-soyluyorum.
- Pierson, Paul. Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004.
- Poyraz, Ergün. Musa’nın Çocukları: Tayyip ve Emine. Istanbul: Togan Yayıncılık.
- Radikal. “Erdoğan: Alevilik din değil; Ali ile alakaları yok.” February 22, 2013. Accessed June 30, 2016. http://www.radikal.com.tr/politika/erdogan-alevilik-din-degil-ali-ile-alakalari-yok-1122494/.
- Radikal. “Erdoğan: Kürtler Zerdüşt değil İslam’dır.” November 18, 2011. Accessed June 29, 2016. http://www.radikal.com.tr/politika/erdogan-kurtler-zerdust-degil-islamdir-1069962/.
- Sabah. “Erdoğan meydan okudu.” October 12, 2014. Accessed June 29, 2016. http://www.sabah.com.tr/gundem/2014/10/12/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-konusuyor.
- Sabah. “Nisan 2017 referandum sonuçları.” 2017. Accessed January 20, 2018. https://www.sabah.com.tr/secim/16-nisan-2017-referandum/.
- Sarigil, Zeki, and Omer Fazlioglu. “Religion and Ethno-Nationalism: Turkey’s Kurdish Issue.” Nations and Nationalism 19, no. 3 (2013): 551–571. doi: 10.1111/nana.12011
- Sarıoğlu, Bülent. “Kimlik değişimi!” Milliyet, December 13, 2005. Accessed June 25, 2016. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2005/12/13/siyaset/axsiy02.html.
- Sehat, David. The Myth of American Religious Freedom [Updated Edition]. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.
- Somer, Murat, and Gitta Glüpker-Kesebir. “Is Islam the Solution? Comparing Turkish Islamic and Secular Thinking Toward Ethnic and Religious Minorities.” Journal of Church and State 58, no. 3 (2016): 529–555. doi: 10.1093/jcs/csv031
- Soner, Bayram Ali, and Şule Toktaş. “Alevis and Alevisim in the Changing Context fo Turkish Politics: The Justice and Development Party’s Alevi Opening.” Turkish Studies 12, no. 3 (2011): 419–434. doi: 10.1080/14683849.2011.604214
- Subaşı, Necdet. “The Alevi Opening: Concept, Strategy and Process.” Insight Turkey 12, no. 2 (2010): 165–178.
- Sözcü. “Erdoğan’ın kökeni nereye dayanıyor?.” August 8, 2014. Accessed January 19, 2018. http://www.sozcu.com.tr/2014/gunun-icinden/erdoganin-kokeni-nereye-dayaniyor-573627/.
- T24. “KCK ateşkesin bittiğini açıkladı: Bundan sonra tüm barajlar gerillanın hedefinde olacaktır.” July 11, 2015. Accessed January 20, 2018. http://t24.com.tr/haber/kck-ateskesin-bittigini-acikladi-bundan-sonra-tum-barajlar-gerillanin-hedefinde-olacaktir,302608.
- T.C. Başbakanlık. “Sayın Başbakanımızın 1915 olaylarına ilişkin mesajı.” April 23, 2014. Accessed January 20, 2018. http://www.basbakanlik.gov.tr/Forms/_Article/pg_Article.aspx?Id=974ccd3b-fb77-499a-ab6a-7c5d2a1e79c9.
- Tevhid Haber. “Erdoğan: Bitlis Said Nursi şehridir.” December 19, 2010. Accessed January 20, 2018. http://www.tevhidhaber.com/erdoganbitlis-said-nursi-sehridir-73215h.htm.
- Timeturk. “Erdoğan’dan Kürtlere Selahaddin Eyyubi’li çağrı.” December 5, 2012. Accessed January 20, 2018. http://www.timeturk.com/tr/2012/12/05/yolsuzluk-iftirasi-atacak-son-kisi-kilicdaroglu.html.
- Valansi, Karel. “The End of Innocence … Holocaust Commemoration in Turkey.” Şalom, February 1, 2017. Accessed January 20, 2018. http://www.salom.com.tr/haber-101908-the_end_of_innocence_holocaust_commemoration_in_turkey.html.
- Vatan. “Erdoğan Dinler Bahçesi açılışında.” December 8, 2004. Accessed January 20, 2018. http://www.gazetevatan.com/erdogan-dinler-bahcesi-acilisinda-41894-gundem/.
- Wikisource. “Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’ın 8 Haziran 2011 tarihli Bingöl mitinginde yaptığı konuşma.” Accessed January 20, 2018. https://tr.wikisource.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan%27%C4%B1n_8_Haziran_2011_tarihli_Bing%C3%B6l_mitinginde_yapt%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_konu%C5%9Fma.
- Yackley, Ayla Jean. “Turkey unveils Great Synagogue as Jewish population fades.” Reuters, March 25, 2015. Accessed January 20, 2018. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-jews-idUSKBN0ML1LH20150325.
- Yeni Şafak. “Erdoğan: Kur’an-ı Kerim’in Kürtçe mealini ortaya çıkardık.” August 1, 2014. Accessed January 20, 2018. https://www.yenisafak.com/video-galeri/politika/erdogan-kuran-i-kerimin-kurtce-mealini-ortaya-cikardik-19067.
- Yüksel, Müfit. “Alevi-Bektaşi Kimliği Etrafında Tekke ve Zaviyeler Kanunu.” Yeni Şafak, March 14, 2012. Accessed January 20, 2018. http://www.yenisafak.com/yazarlar/mufityuksel/alevi-bektai-kimligi-etraf%C4%B1nda-tekke-ve-zaviyeler-kanunu---31498.