Soft competitive authoritarianism and negative stability in Kosovo: statebuilding from UNMIK to EULEX and beyond

References

• Ahram, I.A., and J.P. Goode. 2016. Researching authoritarianism in the discipline of democracy. Social Science Quarterly 97, no. 4: 834–49. doi: 10.1111/ssqu.12340.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andric, G. 2014. Millions earmarked for Kosovo Serbs ‘Wasted’. BalkanInsight, September 23. http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/serbia-misspends-millions-aimed-to-help-kosovo/1589/54.
   Google Scholar
• Beha, A. 2015. Disputes over the 15-point agreement on normalisation of relations between Kosovo and Serbia. Nationalities Papers: the Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity 43, no. 1: 102–21. doi: 10.1080/00905992.2014.990367.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beha, A., and G. Selaci. 2018. Statebuilding without exit strategy in Kosovo: Stability, clientelism, and corruption. Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia 7, no. 2: 97–123. doi: 10.1353/reg.2018.0018.
   Google Scholar
• Bieber, F. 2018. Patterns of competitive authoritarianism in the Western Balkans. East European Politics 34, no. 3: 337–54. doi: 10.1080/21599165.2018.1490272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunce, V., and M. Mcfaul, eds. 2010. Democracy and authoritarianism in the post-communist world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Capusela, A. 2011. Eulex in Kosovo: A shining symbol of incompetence. The Guardian, April 9. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/apr/09/eulex-kosovo-eu-mission.
   Google Scholar
• Capussela, A. 2015. State-building in Kosovo: Democracy, corruption and the EU in the Balkans. London: I.B. Tauris.
   Google Scholar
• Chehabi, H., and J. Linz, eds. 1998. Sultanistic regimes. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chesterman, S. 2004. You, the people: The United Nations, transitional administration, and state-building. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Collier, D., and S. Levitsky. 1997. Democracy with adjectives: Conceptual innovation in comparative research. World Politics 49, no. 3: 430–51. doi: 10.1353/wp.1997.0009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Constitutional Court of Kosovo. 2011. Aktgjykim lidhur me imunitetin e deputetëve të Kuvendit të Republikës së Kosovës, Presidentit të Republikës së Kosovës, dhe anëtarëve të Qeverisë së Republikës së Kosovës. http://gjk-ks.org/wp-content/uploads/vendimet/KO98-11_SHQ_AKTGJYKIM.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• D’aspremont, J. 2007. Regulating statehood: The Kosovo status settlement. Leiden Journal of International Law 20, no. 3: 649–68. doi: 10.1017/S092215650700430X.
   Google Scholar
• Democracy for Development (D4D). 2013. A Class of its Own: Patronage and its impact on Social Mobility in Kosovo. Pristina: Democracy for Development Institute. http://d4d-ks.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/D4D_PI_2_ENG_WEB.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• EULEX. 2014. Vendimi i Gjykatës së Apelit për rastin ‘MTPT 1ʹ. Press Release. http://www.eulex-kosovo.eu/al/pressreleases/0571.php.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission (EC). 2016. Kosovo 2016 report. Brussels: European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/key_documents/2016/20161109_report_kosovo.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission (EC). 2018. European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A credible enlargement perspective for and enhanced EU engagement with the Western Balkans. 65 final, Strasbourg. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/communication-credible-enlargement-perspective-western-balkans_en.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Galtung, J. 2012. Peace, positive and negative. The encyclopedia of peace psychology. 1st ed. Edited by D.J. Christie. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Gashi, Z. 2011. Qeveria i drejtohet Kushtetueses. Radio Evropa e Lirë. https://www.evropaelire.org/a/24271091.html.
   Google Scholar
• Hajrullahu, A. 2011. The missing ‘Functional elites’ and the challenge of democratisation. In 20 years after the collapse of communism. Expectations, achievements and disillusions of 1989, ed. N. Hayoz, L. Jesien, and D. Koleva, 167–76. Bern: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Hajrullahu, A. 2019. The Serbia Kosovo dispute and the European integration perspective. European Foreign Affairs Review 24, no. 1: 101–20.
   Google Scholar
• Hoxha, A., D. Milovanović, and Y. Buzhala. 2016. Historical and socio-economic context of informal relations between political and economic actors in Kosovo. In Informal power networks, political patronage and clientelism in Serbia and Kosovo, ed. S. Cvejic, 77–86. Belgrade: SecCons.
   Google Scholar
• Insajder. 2018. Fatmir Limaj dy herë u lirua nga akuzat për krime lufte, tash lirohet edhe nga akuzat për korrupsion. https://insajderi.com/fatmir-limaj-dy-u-lirua-nga-akuzat-per-krime-lufte-tash-lirohet-edhe-nga-akuzat-per-korrupsion/.
   Google Scholar
• International Crisis Group (ICG). 2003. Thessaloniki and after: The EU and Serbia, Montenegro and Kosovo. Sarajevo/Brussels: International Crisis Group (ICG).
   Google Scholar
• International Crisis Group (ICG). 2008. Kosovo’s fragile transition. Europe Report, no. 196. Pristina/Brussels: International Crisis Group (ICG).
   Google Scholar
• International Crisis Group (ICG). 2010. The rule of law in independent Kosovo. Pristina: Europe Report no. 204.
   Google Scholar
• International Crisis Group (ICG). 2013. Serbia and Kosovo: The path to normalisation. Pristina: Europe Report no. 223. Pristina.
   Google Scholar
• Judah, T. 2008. Kosovo: What everyone needs to know. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kajtazi, V. 2016. Dosja e shefave: Shteti në dorë të nëntokës. https://Insajderi.Com/Hulumtime/Dosja-E-Shefave-Shteti-Ne-Dore-Te-Nentokes/.
   Google Scholar
• Kapidžić, D. 2020. The rise of illiberal politics in Southeast Europe. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 20, no. 1: xx.
   Google Scholar
• Ker-Lindsay, J. 2009. The emergence of ‘Meditration’ in international peacemaking. Ethnopolitics: Formerly Global Review of Ethnopolitics 8, no. 2: 223–33. doi: 10.1080/17449050902894995.
   Google Scholar
• King, I., and W. Mason. 2006. Peace at any price: How the world failed Kosovo. New York: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Klan Kosova TV. 2018. Veseli tregon cilët sipas tij janë pro-rusë dhe pro-serbë. September 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIGMmLIIQDg.
   Google Scholar
• Kosovar Center for Security Studies (KCSS). 2018. Kosovo security barometer. 8th ed. Pristina: Kosovar Centre for Security Studies (KCSS).
   Google Scholar
• Kosovo Law Institute (KLI). 2018. Political interferences in the politicized prosecutorial system, alarm for the need of vetting in the police, prosecution and courts. Pristina: KLI.
   Google Scholar
• Kostovicova, D. 2008. Legitimacy and international administration: The Ahtisaari settlement for Kosovo from a human security perspective. International Peacekeeping 15, no. 5: 631–47. doi: 10.1080/13533310802396160.
   Google Scholar
• Leposhtica, L. 2015. Prokurori në Rastin Limaj: Korrupsioni Kancer që Dëmton Kosovën. Kallxo.com. https://kallxo.com/prokurori-ne-rastin-limaj-korrupsioni-kancer-qe-demton-kosoven/.
   Google Scholar
• Levitsky, S., and L.A. Way. 2002. Elections Without Democracy: The rise of competitive authoritarianism. Journal of Democracy 13, no. 2: 51–65. doi: 10.1353/jod.2002.0026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitsky, S., and L.A. Way. 2010. Competitive authoritarianism: Hybrid regimes after the Cold War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Obradović-Wochnik, J., and A. Wochnik. 2012. Europeanising the ‘Kosovo Question’: Serbia’s policies in the context of EU integration. West European Politics 35, no. 5: 1158–81. doi: 10.1080/01402382.2012.706415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). 2003. Parallel structures in Kosovo. Pristina: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Mission in Kosovo.
   Google Scholar
• Ottaway, M. 2003. Democracy challenged: The rise of semi-authoritarianism. Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment For International Peace.
   Google Scholar
• Papadimitriou, D., and P. Petrov. 2012. Whose rule, whose law? Contested statehood, external leverage and the European Union’s rule of law mission in Kosovo. Journal of Common Market Studies 50, no. 5: 746–63. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5965.2012.02257.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pevehouse, C.J. 2002. Democracy from the outside-in? International organizations and democratization. International Organization 56, no. 3: 515–49. doi: 10.1162/002081802760199872.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schedler, A. 2002. The nested game of democratization by elections. International Political Science Review 23, no. 1: 103–22. doi: 10.1177/0192512102023001006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selaci, G. 2017. Republika në Udhëkryq: Kosova në dekadën e parë të pavarësisë. Skopje: Logos-A.
   Google Scholar
• Tadić, K., and A. Elbasani. 2018. State-building and patronage networks: How political parties embezzled the bureaucracy in post-war Kosovo. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 18, no. 2: 1–18. doi: 10.1080/14683857.2018.1474551.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tansey, O. 2007. Democratization without a state: Democratic regime-building in Kosovo. Democratization 14, no. 1: 129–50. doi: 10.1080/13510340601024355.
   Google Scholar
• Tansey, O. 2009. Regime-building: Democratization and international administration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). 2010. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly: 64/298. Request for an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on whether the unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo is in accordance with international law. A/RES/64/298. https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/wp-content/uploads/ROL%20A%20RES64%20298.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Interim Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). 2003. Standards For Kosovo. Pristina. http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/Kos%20Standards.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Security Council (UNSC). 2004. United Nations Security Council Letter Dated 17 November 2004 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council. S/2004/932.
   Google Scholar
• United States Agency for International Development (USAID). 2017. Kosovo Political Economy Analysis. Final Report. Pristina.
   Google Scholar
• Visoka, G. 2019. Monologu Politik mes BE-së dhe Kosovës. https://sbunker.net/osf-alumni/89833/monologu-politik-mes-be-se-dhe-kosoves/.
   Google Scholar
• Visoka, G., and O. Richmond. 2016. After liberal peace? From failed state-building to an emancipatory peace in Kosovo. International Studies Perspectives 1, no. 20: 1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Yannis, A. 2009. The politics and geopolitics of the status of Kosovo: The circle is never round. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 9, no. 2: 161–70. doi: 10.1080/14683850902723470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zakaria, F. 1997. The rise of illiberal democracy. Foreign Affairs 76, no. 6: 22–43. doi: 10.2307/20048274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaum, D. 2009. The norms and politics of exit: Ending postconflict transitional administrations. Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs 23, no. 2: 189–208. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-7093.2009.00206.x.
   Google Scholar
• Žižek, S., and A. Hamza. 2013. From myth to symptom: The case of Kosovo. Pristina: Kolektivi Materializmi Dialektik.
   Google Scholar