Beyond conflict and coexistence: cosmopolitanism and inter-communal relations in late Ottoman cities

References

• Altıntaş, T. 2017. The placard affair and the ankara trial: the hnchak party and the hamidian regime in Central Anatolia, 1892–93. Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association 4, no. 2: 309–37. 10.2979/jottturstuass.4.2.05
   Google Scholar
• Arakelyan, S. 2017. Ankara vukuatı: Menfilik hatıralarım. Ed. M. Cankara. Istanbul: Aras.
   Google Scholar
• Atauz, A. 2004. Kale ve sur: Ankara kal’ası. In Şehrin zulası: Ankara kalesi, ed. T. Bora, 61–220. Istanbul: İletişim.
   Google Scholar
• Avcı, Y, and V. Lemire. 2005. De la modernité administrative à la modernisation urbaine: Une réévaluation de la municipalité ottomane de Jérusalem (1867–1917). In Municipalités Méditerranéennes: Les réformes urbaines ottomanes au miroir d’une histoire comparée (Moyen-Orient, Maghreb, Europe Méridionale), ed. N. Lafi, 73–135. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Aydın, S, K. Emiroğlu, Ö. Türkoğlu, and E.D. Özsoy. 2005. Küçük Asya’nın bin yüzü: Ankara. Ankara: Dost Kitabevi Yayınları.
   Google Scholar
• Aytekin, E.A. 2018. Belgradî Raşid and his vak’a‐i hayret‐nüma: a local muslim perspective on dual administration in Belgrade during Serbian autonomy. In, S. Rudić, S. Aslantaş, and D. Amedoski, ed. Belgrade 1521-1867, 315–25. Belgrade: Istorijski Institut Beograd.
   Google Scholar
• Badiou, A. 2003. Saint Paul: The foundation of universalism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Balancar, F. 2013. Ankaralı Ermeniler konuşuyor. Istanbul: Uluslararası Hrant Dink Vakfı Yayınları.
   Google Scholar
• Batuman, B. 2011. ‘Early republican Ankara’: Struggle over historical representation and the politics of urban historiography. Journal of Urban History 37, no. 5: 661–79. 10.1177/0096144211407738
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bay, A. 2016. 19. yüzyılda Osmanlı’da propaganda ve protesto kültürü: ‘Teşviş-i Ezhân ve Fesadâmiz Müdhiş’ yaftalar. Kebikeç, no. 41: 11–50.
   Google Scholar
• Benhabib, S. 2006. Another cosmopolitanism. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Blagojević, M.R, and A. Radivojević. 2007. Les espaces publics et la vie publique a Belgrade au XVIIIe et au XIXe siecle et leur transformation au XXe siecle. Etudes Balkaniques 14: 107–142 .
   Google Scholar
• Bryant, R. 2016. Introduction: everyday coexistence in the post-Ottoman Space. In Post-Ottoman Coexistence: sharing space in the shadow of conflict, ed. Bryant, R., 1–38. New York: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Çelik, S. 2010. The rich, the poor and the hungry: Social differentiation and famine in Ankara in 1845. Master’s thesis, Istanbul Bilgi University.
   Google Scholar
• Cheah, P. 2008. Introduction Part II: The Cosmopolitical –Today. In Cosmopolitics: thinking and feeling beyond the nation, ed. P. Cheah and B. Robbins, 20–41. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Conley, T.D. 2010. Belgrade. In Capital cities in the aftermath of rmpires: planning in central and southeastern Europe, ed. T.D. Conley and E.G. Makaš, 45–60. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Daban, M. 2021. Ankara Vilayeti’ne yapılan sürgünler (1895–912). Master’s thesis, Istanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi.
   Google Scholar
• Delanty, G. 2009. The cosmopolitan imagination: The renewal of critical social theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Driessen, H. 2005. Mediterranean port cities: Cosmopolitanism reconsidered. History and Anthropology 16, no. 1: 129–41. 10.1080/0275720042000316669
   Google Scholar
• Eğilmez, D.B. 2017. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda hoşgörü söylemi (1545-1566). Istanbul: İletişim.
   Google Scholar
• Eldem, E. 2013a. Istanbul as a cosmopolitan city: Myths and realities. In A Companion to diaspora and transnationalism, ed. A. Quayson and G. Daswani, 212–30. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Eldem, E. 2013b. Plurality, cosmopolitanism, and integration: the dangers of comparing the incomparable. in D. Reuschke, M. Salzbrunn, and K. Schönhärl, ed. the economies of urban diversity: the ruhr area and Istanbul, 47–62. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• Emrence, C. 2012. Remapping the Ottoman middle east: modernity, imperial bureaucracy and the Islamic state. London: I.B. Tauris.
   Google Scholar
• Ergenç, Ö. 1984. Osmanlı şehrindeki ‘mahalle’nin işlev ve nitelikleri üzerine. Osmanlı Araştırmaları 4: 69–78.
   Google Scholar
• Ergenç, Ö. 2013. Osmanlı tarihi yazıları: şehir, toplum, devlet. Istanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
   Google Scholar
• Erol, E. 2016. Ottoman decline in Western Anatolia: Turkey’s Belle Epoque and the transition to a modern nation state. London: I.B. Tauris.
   Google Scholar
• Ersoy, A. 2015. Cosmopolitan attachment: Pluralism and civic identity in late Ottoman cities. Journal of Urban History 41, no. 2: 521–25. 10.1177/0096144215571564
   Google Scholar
• Esin, T. 2012. Yunanca kaynaklara göre 1916 Ankara yangını. Toplumsal Tarih, no. 227: 22–34.
   Google Scholar
• Esin, T, and Z. Etöz. 2015. 1916 Ankara yangını: Felaketin mantığı. Istanbul: İletişim.
   Google Scholar
• Etöz, Z. 2006. 19. Yüzyıl Ankarasında mahalleler ve gündelik yaşam. In Sanki viran Ankara, ed. F. Şenol Cantek, 11–41. Istanbul: İletişim.
   Google Scholar
• Faroqhi, S., 2014. Did cosmopolitanism exist in eighteenth-century Istanbul? stories of christian and jewish artisans. In Urban governance under the Ottomans: between cosmopolitanism and conflict, ed. U. Freitag and N. Lafi (Abingdon: Routledge), 21–36.
   Google Scholar
• Freitag, U. 2014. ‘Cosmopolitanism’ and ‘conviviality’? Some conceptual considerations concerning the late Ottoman Empire. European Journal of Cultural Studies 17, no. 4: 375–91. 10.1177/1367549413510417
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freitag, U, and N. Lafi. 2014. Introduction. Cosmopolitanism and conflicts: Changes and challenges in Ottoman urban governance. In Urban governance under the Ottomans: Between cosmopolitanism and conflict, Ed., U. Freitag and N. Lafi, 1–17. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Fuhrmann, M. 2003. Cosmopolitan imperialists and the Ottoman port cities: Conflicting logics in the urban social fabric. Cahiers de La Méditerranée, 67: 149–63. 10.4000/cdlm.128
   Google Scholar
• Fuhrmann, M. 2007. Meeresanrainer – Weltenbürger? Comparativ 17 (2): 12–26.
   Google Scholar
• Galanti, A. 2005. Ankara Tarihi I-II. Ankara: Çağlar Yayınları.
   Google Scholar
• Georgeon, F. 1996. Keçi kilindan kalpağa: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son yüzyılında Ankara’nın gelişimi. In P. Dumont and F. Georgeon, Ed. Modernleşme sürecinde Osmanlı kentleri, Istanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları: 99–115.
   Google Scholar
• Gerçek, B. 2016. Akıntıya karşı: Ermeni soykırımında emirlere karşı gelenler, kurtaranlar, direnenler. Istanbul: İletişim.
   Google Scholar
• Hanley, W., 2008. Grieving cosmopolitanism in Middle East studies. History Compass 6, no. 5: 1346–67. 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00545.x
   Google Scholar
• Hartmuth, M. 2006. Negotiating tradition and ambition: A comparative perspective on de-Ottomanisation of Balkan cityscapes. Ethnologia Balkanica 10: 15–33.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, D. 2004. “The ‘new’ imperialism: Accumulation by dispossession.” Socialist Register 40 : 63–87.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, D. 2009. Cosmopolitanism and the geographies of freedom. New York: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Held, D. 2010. Cosmopolitanism: Ideals and realities. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Huber, V, and J.C. Jansen. 2021. Dealing with difference: Cosmopolitanism in the nineteenth-century world of empires. Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism & Development 12, no. 1:39–46 10.1353/hum.2021.0002
   Google Scholar
• Humphrey, C, and V. Skvirskaja. 2012. Introduction to Post-cosmopolitan cities: Explorations of urban coexistence, eds. C. Humphrey and V. Skvirskaja, 1–16. New York: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Ilbert, R. 1996. İskenderiye kozmopolit bir kent miydi. In Modernleşme sürecinde Osmanlı kentleri.P. Dumont and F. Georgeon, ed. 153–68. Istanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
   Google Scholar
• İskefiyeli, Z. 2008. “Ermeni meselesi çerçevesinde 1893 Ankara mahkemelerinin yeri ve önemi.” PhD diss., Sakarya Üniversitesi.
   Google Scholar
• Jovanović, M. 2008. Constructing the national capital: De-ottomanization and urban transformation in 19th century Belgrade. Budapest: Central European University.
   Google Scholar
• Jovanović, M. 2013. ‘The City in our hands’: Urban management and contested modernity in nineteenth-century Belgrade. Urban History 40, no. 1: 32–50. 10.1017/S0963926812000624
   Google Scholar
• Kadı, İ.H. 2012. Ottoman and Dutch merchants in the eighteenth century: competition and cooperation in Ankara, Izmir, and Amsterdam. Leiden: Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Kant, I. 1991. Political writings. Ed. H. Reiss and H.B. Nisbet. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kaya Özçelik, P. 2015. İlk birikim sorunsalı bağlamında ve Türk ulus devletinin kurulma sürecinde gayrimüslim azınlıklar. Praksis, no. 39: 45–102.
   Google Scholar
• Kevorkian, R.H., 2013. Giriş. In Ankaralı Ermeniler konuşuyor, ed. Balancar, F., 5–14. Istanbul: Hrant Dink Vakfı Yayınları.
   Google Scholar
• Kezer, Z. 2015. Building Modern Turkey: State, space, and ideology in the Early Republic. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kırlı, C. 2009. Surveillance and constituting the public in the Ottoman Empire. In Publics, politics and participation: Locating the public sphere in the Middle East and North Africa, ed. S. Shami, 177–203. New York: Social Science Research Council.
   Google Scholar
• Kostopoulou, E. 2013. Armed negotiations: The institutionalization of the late Ottoman locality. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 33, no. 3: 295–309. 10.1215/1089201X-2378094
   Google Scholar
• Kuehn, T. 2021. Bringing the imperial back in: Reconsidering governance in the late Ottoman Empire, 1839–1923 (Parts I and II). History Compass 19, no. 8, (accessed November 1, 2021). 10.1111/hic3.12680 and 10.1111/hic3.12679
   Google Scholar
• Lafi, N. 2019. Esprit civique et organisation citadine dans l’Empire ottoman (XVe-XXe siècles). Leiden: Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Lefebvre, H. 1991. The production of space. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Lefebvre, H. 2004. Rhythmanalysis: Space, time and everyday life. London: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Lessersohn, N. 2015. ‘Provincial cosmopolitanism’ in late ottoman Anatolia: An Armenian shoemaker’s memoir. Comparative Studies in Society and History 57, no. 2: 528–56. 10.1017/S0010417515000122
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcus, A. 1989. The Middle East on the eve of modernity: Aleppo in the eighteenth century. New York: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mazower, M. 2004. Salonica, city of ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews, 1430-1950. New York: Alfred A. Knopf and HarperCollins.
   Google Scholar
• Mills, A. 2011. The Ottoman legacy: Urban geographies, national imaginaries, and global discourses of tolerance. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 31, no. 1: 183–95. 10.1215/1089201X-2010-066
   Google Scholar
• Nussbaum, M. 1994. The Therapy of desire: Theory and practice in Hellenistic ethics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Philliou, C. 2016. Nationalism, internationalism, and cosmopolitanism: Comparison and commensurability. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 36, no. 3: 455–64. 10.1215/1089201x-3698995
   Google Scholar
• Philliou, C. 2021. Turkey: A past against history. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Raşid, Belgradi. Tarih-i Vaka-i Hayretnüma-i Belgrad, (Vol. II). Istanbul, 1291 [1874–75].
   Google Scholar
• Raşid, Belgradi. Tarih-i Vaka-i Hayretnüma-i Belgrad (Vol. I). Istanbul, (1291 [1874-75])
   Google Scholar
• Reinkowski, M. 2017. Düzenin şeyleri, Tanzimat’ın kelimeleri: 19. yüzyıl Osmanlı reform politikasının karşılaştırmalı bir araştırması. Trans. Ç.C. Dikmen. Istanbul: YKY.
   Google Scholar
• Sahara, T. 2011. The Ottoman city council and the beginning of the modernisation of urban space in the Balkans. In The city in the Ottoman Empire: Migration and the making of urban modernity, eds., U. Freitag, M. Fuhrmann, N. Lafi, and F. Riedler. Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 26–50.
   Google Scholar
• Salzmann, A. 2012. Islampolis, cosmopolis: Ottoman urbanity between myth, memory and postmodernity. In D. N. Maclean and S.K. Ahmed, ed. Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim contexts. Perspectives from the past, 68–91. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schofield, M., 1999. The Stoic idea of the city. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sert Sandfuchs, Ö. 2008. Reconstructing a town from its court records. PhD diss., LMU.
   Google Scholar
• Smyrnelis, M.-C. 2003. Coexistence et réseaux de relations à Smyrne aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles. Cahiers de la Méditerranée 67 : 111–23.
   Google Scholar
• Stanek, L. 2011. Henri Lefebvre on space: Architecture, urban research and the production of theory. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sygkelos, Y. 2020. Ottoman banal cosmopolitanism: Salonica at the end of Ottoman rule (1908–1912). In M. Folin and H. Porfyriou, ed. Controversial heritage and divided memories from the nineteenth through the twentieth centuries, 63–79. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Tassin, É. 2003. Un Monde commun: Pour une cosmo-politique des conflits. Paris: Seuil.
   Google Scholar
• Tekeli, İ. 2011. Selçuklu döneminde Türkleşmeye başlayan Ankara’nın öyküsü. In Anadolu’da yerleşme sistemleri ve yerleşme tarihi yazıları, Tekeli, İ., 252–67. Istanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
   Google Scholar
• Tekemen Altındaş, E. 2016. XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Ankara. PhD dissertation, Ankara Üniversitesi.
   Google Scholar
• Toksöz, M, and B. Kolluoğlu. 2010. “Mapping out the Eastern Mediterranean: Toward a cartography of cities of commerce.” In M. Toksöz and B. Kolluoğlu Ed. Cities of the Mediterranean: From the Ottomans to the present day,1–13. London: I.B. Tauris.
   Google Scholar
• Tüzün, G, ed. 2018. Vehbi Koç anlatıyor: Bir derleme. Istanbul: YKY.
   Google Scholar
• Üngör, U.Ü, and M. Polatel. 2011. Confiscation and colonization: The Young Turk seizure of Armenian property. London: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• van Leeuwen, R., 1999. Waqfs and urban structures: The case of Ottoman Damascus. Leiden: Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Vertovec, S, and R. Cohen. 2002. Introduction: Conceiving cosmopolitanism. In S. Vertovec and R. Cohen Ed. Conceiving cosmopolitanism: Theory, context and practice, New York: Oxford University Press, 1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Woodward, I, and Z. Skrbis. 2012. Performing cosmopolitanism. In Routledge international handbook of cosmopolitan studies, ed. G. Delanty, 127–37. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Yılmaz, G. 2017. Küreselleşme öncesi ve sonrası Osmanlı kent tarihçiliği. Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler 26, no. 2: 105–31.
   Google Scholar
• Zandi-Sayek, S. 2012. Ottoman Izmir: The rise of a cosmopolitan port, 1840-1880. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar