References
- Österlund JM, Johansson AV, Nagib HM, Hites MH. A note on the overlap region in turbulent boundary layers. Phys Fluids. 2000;12:1–4.
- Zanoun ES, Durst F, Nagib H. Evaluating the law of the wall in two-dimensional fully developed turbulent channel flows. Phys Fluids. 2003;15:3079–3089.
- Marusic I, Monty JP, Hultmark M, Smits AJ. On the logarithmic region in wall turbulence. J Fluid Mech. 2012;716:R3–1–R3–11.
- Alving AE, Fernholz HH. Mean-velocity scaling in and around a mild, turbulent separation bubble. Phys Fluids. 1995;7:1956–1969.
- Huang PG, Bradshaw P. Law of the wall for turbulent flows in pressure gradients. AIAA J. 1995;33:624–632.
- Brown KC, Joubert PN. The measurement of skin friction in turbulent boundary layers with adverse pressure gradients. J Fluid Mech. 1969;35:737–757.
- Nickels TB. Inner scaling for wall-bounded flows subject to large pressure gradients. J Fluid Mech. 2004;521:217–239.
- Dixit SA, Ramesh ON. Determination of skin friction in strong pressure-gradient equilibrium and near-equilibrium turbulent boundary layers. Exp Fluids. 2009;47:1045–1058.
- Szablewski W. Turbulente Strömungen in divergenten Kanälen. Ingenieur-Archiv. 1954;22:268–281.
- Townsend AA. Equilibrium layers and wall turbulence. J Fluid Mech. 1961;11:97–120.
- McDonald H. The effect of pressure gradient on the law of the wall in turbulent flow. J Fluid Mech. 1969;35:311–336.
- Galbraith RA, Sjolander S, Head MR. Mixing length in the wall region of turbulent boundary layers. Aeronautical Quart. 1976;27(2):97–110.
- Vinuesa R, Rozier P, Schlatter P, Nagib H. Experiments and computations of localized pressure gradients with different history effects. AIAA J. 2014;52:368–384.
- Maciel Y, Rossignol KS, Lemay J. Self-similarity in the outer region of adverse-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers. AIAA J. 2006;44:2450–2464.
- Mellor GL, Gibson DM. Equilibrium turbulent boundary layers. J Fluid Mech. 1966;24:225–253.
- Manhart M, Friedrich R. DNS of a turbulent boundary layer with separation. Int J Heat Fluid Flow. 2002;23:672–581.
- Lee JH, Sung HJ. Structures in turbulent boundary layers subjected to adverse pressure gradients. J Fluid Mech. 2009;639:101–131.
- Johnstone R, Coleman GN, Spalart PR. The resilience of the logarithmic law to pressure gradients: evidence from direct numerical simulation. J Fluid Mech. 2008;643:163–175.
- Gungor AG, Maciel Y, Simens MP, Soria J. Analysis of a turbulent boundary layer subjected to a strong adverse pressure gradient. J Phys: Conf Ser. 2014;506:012007.
- van den Berg B. The law of the wall in two- and three-dimensional turbulent boundary layers. Amsterdam: Nationaal Lucht-en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium; 1973 ( no. NLR TR 72111 U).
- van den Berg B. A three-dimensional law of the wall for turbulent shear flows. J Fluid Mech. 1975;70:149–160.
- Millikan CB. A critical discussion of turbulent flows in channels and circular tubes. In: Proceedings of 5th International Congress for Applied Mechanics. New York (NY): Wiley; 1938. p. 386–392.
- Gersten K, Herwig H. Strömungsmechanik. Grundlagen der Impuls-, Wärme- und Stoffübertragung aus asymptotischer Sicht. Braunschweig/Wiesbaden: Vieweg; 1992.
- Hanjalic K, Hadzic I, Jakirlic S. Modeling turbulent wall flows subjected to strong pressure variations. J Fluids Eng – Trans ASME. 1999;121:57–64.
- Knopp T, Schanz D, Schröder A, Hain R, Kähler CJ. Investigation of the law-of-the-wall for a turbulent boundary layer flow at adverse pressure gradient at Reθ = 10000 using large-scale PIV. Paper presented at: International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena (TSFP-8); 2013 Aug 28–30 ; Poitiers, France.
- Chauhan KA, Monkewitz PA, Nagib HM. Criteria for assessing experiments in zero pressure gradient boundary layers. Fluid Dyn Res. 2009;41:021404.
- Knopp T. Entwurf eines Experimentes einer turbulenten Grenzschicht mit starkem Druckgradienten bei hohen Reynoldszahlen zur Entwicklung von Wandgesetzen bei Druckgradienten und zur Verbesserung von RANS Turbulenzmodellen. DLR-IB 224-2011 C 106. Göttingen: German Aerospace Center (DLR); 2011.
- Dumitra M, Schanz D, Schröder A, Kähler CJ. Large-scale turbulent boundary layer investigation with multiple camera PIV and hybrid evaluation up to single pixel resolution. Paper presented at: Nineth International Symposium on Particle Image Velocimetry; 2011 Jul 21-23; Kobe, Japan.
- Bradshaw P. Turbulence. Topics in Applied Physics. New York: Springer; 1970.
- Herpin S, Wong CY, Stanislas M, Soria J. Stereoscopic PIV measurements of a turbulent boundary layer with a large spatial dynamic range. Exp Fluids. 2008;45:745–763.
- de Silva CM, Gnanamanickam EG, Atkinson C, Buchmann NA, Hutchins N, Soria J, Marusic I. High spatial range velocity measurements in a high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layer. Phys Fluids. 2014;26:025117–1–19.
- Knopp T, Schanz D, Schröder A, Dumitra M, Kähler CJ. Experimental investigation of the log-law for an adverse pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer flow at Reθ up to 10000. Turbul, Heat Mass Transf. 2012;93–96.
- Knopp T, Schanz D, Schröder A, Dumitra M, Hain R, Kähler CJ. Experimental investigation of the log-law for an adverse pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer flow at Reθ up to 10000. Flow, Turbul Combust. 2014;92:451–471.
- Kähler CJ, Scharnowski S, Cierpka C. On the uncertainty of digital PIV and PTV near walls. Exp Fluids. 2012;52:1641–1656.
- Cierpka C, Scharnowski S, Kähler CJ. Parallax correction for precise near-wall flow investigations using particle imaging. Appl Optics. 2013;52:2923–2931.
- Cierpka C, Kähler CJ. Cross-correlation or tracking comparison and discussion. Paper presented at: 16th International Symposium on Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics; Lisbon, Portugal; 2012.
- Grant I, Owens EH. Confidence interval estimation in PIV measurements of turbulent flows. Appl Optics. 1990;29:1400–1402.
- Nagib HM, Chauhan KA. Variations of von Karman coefficient in canonical flows. Phys Fluids. 2008;20:101518–1–10.
- Skare PE, Krogstad PA. A turbulent equilibrium boundary layer near separation. J Fluid Mech. 1994;272:319–348.
- Dixit SA, Ramesh ON. Pressure-gradient-dependent logarithmic laws in sink flow turbulent boundary layers. J Fluid Mech. 2008;615:445–475.
- Mellor GL. The effects of pressure gradients on turbulent flow near a smooth wall. J Fluid Mech. 1966;24:255–274.
- Manhart M, Peller N, Brun C. Near-wall scaling for turbulent boundary layers with adverse pressure gradient. Theor Comput Fluid Dyn. 2008;22:243–260.
- Hellstedt KA. Streamwise evolution of turbulent boundary layers towards equilibrium conditions. Melbourne: University of Melbourne; 2003.
- Coles DE, Hirst EA. Computation of Turbulent Boundary Layers - 1968 AFOSR-IFP-Stanford Conference. Vol. II. Stanford, CA: Thermosciences Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University; 1969.
- Bourassa C, Thomas FO. An experimental investigation of a highly accelerated turbulent boundary layer. J Fluid Mech. 2009;634:359–404.
- Örlü R, Fransson JHM, Alfredsson PH. On near wall measurements of wall bounded flows - The necessity of an accurate determination of the wall position. Prog Aerosp Sci. 2010;46:353–387.
- Lee JH, Sung HJ. Effects of an adverse pressure gradient on a turbulent boundary layer. Int J Heat Fluid Flow. 2008;29:568–578.
- Spalart PR, Watmuff JH. Experimental and numerical study of a turbulent boundary layer with pressure gradients. J Fluid Mech. 1993;249:337–371.
- Telbany MMME, Reynolds AJ. Velocity distributions in plane turbulent channel flows. J Fluid Mech. 1980;100:1–29.
- Menter FR. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications. AIAA J. 1994;32:1598–1605.
- Wei T, Fife P, Klewicki J, McMurtry P. Properties of the mean momentum balance in turbulent boundary layer, pipe and channel flows. J Fluid Mech. 2005;522:303–327.
- Durbin PA, Belcher SE. Scaling of adverse-pressure-gradient boundary layers. J Fluid Mech. 1992;238:699–722.