References
References
- Bajan the popular term for people or things from the island of Barbados Located at 13.4N and 54.4W Barbados is the most easterly island in the Caribbean Sea. An independent member of the British Commonwealth, it has a population of approximately 270,000
- One definition used to distinguish between the two cultures is that high culture is generally text and performance-based whereas popular culture is process and practice-based However there can be some overlap in terms of how each form of culture is expressed
- Adorno T Horkheimer M The Cultural Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception In: S. During, ed. The Cultural Studies Reader New York Routledge 1999 31 41
- Docker J Postmodernism and Popular Culture: a Cultural History New York Cambridge University Press 1994
- Hall S Notes on Deconstructing the Popular In: J. Storey, ed. Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: a Reader Athens University of Georgia Press 1998 442 453
- Storey J An Introduction to Cultural Theory and Popular Culture Athens University of Georgia Press 1998
- Morrell E Toward a Critical Pedagogy of Popular Culture: Literacy Development Among Urban Youth http://www.readingonline.org/newliteracies/jall/9-02_column/index.html, (Downloaded 20 January 2004.)
- Gramsci A Selections From Prison Notebooks London New Left Books 1971
- Tarakan SL Classical Pop: Documenting Popular Musical Culture in Library Audio Collections. Drexel Library Quarterly 19 no. 1 1983 Winter pp. 123–150
- The New Oxford Companion to Music (11) defines calypso as … “calypso was developed by plantation slaves, who forbidden to talk, chanted to the tom-tom rhythm as they worked, telling their news and views in patois” Marshall (12) provides an expansive description of the art form when he states that on one level, the lively calypsos are pure entertainment-the ultimate party music. But they also function as a kind of auditory newspaper, spreading information about current issues. No topic is too trivial or too touchy to be the subject of a calypso song-themes range from corrupt politicians to potholes in the road, a controversial beauty contest to a nosy neighbour. A visitor who wants to learn about the true social and political situation in Barbados need only listen to the current crop of calypso tunes. And today's visitor will be spared a subterranean search, because you can hear the music everywhere: on the radio, at nightclubs, in the hotel. ( p. 235). Browne provides a succinct description of a calypsonian's contribution to Barbadian society when he states that: Chaucer gave us a window through which to view fourteenth century English culture. Our calypsonians have gone a step further. They provide musical windows through which we espy views of Barbadian society in the twentieth century. (13, Foreword)
- New oxford companion to music Oxford Oxford University Press 1983
- Marshall T Bajans, come back to calypso Barbados Designed and directed by Has Hoefer, edited By Rachael Wilder Singapore APA Productions 1986 pp. 235–241
- Watson EF The Informer: Leland Maloney, 1984–1997: an Annotated Discography of Popular Music from Barbados Barbados Research Riddims Inc 2000
- In addition to calypso other genres of Barbadian popular music include dance hall, dub, gospel, jazz and reggae his paper however is limited to calypso
- Herndon M Mcleod N Music as Culture Richmond MRI Press 1990
- Schurk , WL . 1980 . Popular Culture and Libraries: a Practical Perspective . Drexel Library Quarterly , 16 (3) : pp. 43–52
- Clarke , JA . 1973 . Popular Culture in Libraries . College and Research Libraries , May, 34 (3) : 215 – 218 .
- The bajan Barbados The Bajan August, 1966
- Hendricks , L . 1997 . A Review of Rap Sound Recordings in Academic and Public Libraries . Popular Music and Society , Summer, 21 (2) : 91 – 114 .
- Some may take issue with this position, especially as it relates to colonial times and the early years of independence when production centres of Barbadian popular music were metropolitan-based Consequently, many of the releases from this era were never made available to the local community. While this still occurs occasionally, in recent times most Barbadian music is released locally
- Wiegand , WA . 1979 . Popular Culture: A New Frontier for Academic Libraries . Journal of Academic Librarianship , 5 (4) : 200 – 204 .
- This is a term used in the music trade to describe sound (music) releases
- Seeman C Collecting Popular Culture Material: Minor League Team Publications as “Fringe” Materials at the National Baseball Hall of Fame Library http://library.utoledo.edu/userhomes/cseeman/presentationa/pca_seeman.pdf, (Downloaded January 20, 2004), 2002
- Hoffman FW Popular Culture and Libraries Hamden Library Professional Publications 1984
- Crop Over, an approximately six week Barbadian summer carnivalesque festival which culminates on the first Monday of August Calypso is a critical component of this festival including the major competitions associated with this fiesta
- University of the West Indies. cave hill campus: learning resource centre Rules Barbados UWI LRC, 2003
- Ska, a Jamaican popular rhythm which preceded reggae
- Jackie Opel (Dalton Bishop) is credited with developing spouge, the only indigenous Barbadian beat. His work is or has been a source of inspiration to many Barbadian entertainers
Discography
- Sparrow Document Pan. Originally released on Sparrow New York: Charlie's Records, 1989. SCR 3868. Re-released on Quintessential Washington RIAA 2002 BLSCD1033