971
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Revoking coal mining permits: an economic and legal analysis

ORCID Icon, &
Pages 980-996 | Received 26 Mar 2019, Accepted 17 Jan 2020, Published online: 18 Feb 2020

References

  • BGR (Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources). (2018). BGR energy study: Data and developments concerning German and global energy supplies. Hannover, Germany: Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources.
  • Brock, A., & Dunlap, A. (2018). Normalising corporate counterinsurgency: Engineering consent, managing resistance and greening destruction around the Hambach coal mine and beyond. Political Geography, 62, 33–47.
  • Brückner, B. (2017). Münchener Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch: BGB, Band 7: Sachenrecht §§ 854-1296, WEG, ErbbauRG (7th edition). Munich: C.H. Beck.
  • Carbon Tracker Initiative. (2017). Lignite of the living dead: Below 2°C scenario and strategy analysis for EU coal power investors. London, UK: Author.
  • Carbon Tracker Initiative. (2019). Apocalypse now. London, UK: Author. Retrieved from https://www.carbontracker.org/reports/apocoalypse-now/
  • Cohen, F., Hepburn, C., & Teytelboym, A. (2019). Is natural capital really substitutable? Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 44, 425–448.
  • Collier, P., & Venables, A. J. (2014). Closing coal: Economic and moral incentives. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 30(3), 492–512.
  • Commission on Growth, Structural Change and Employment. (2019). Final report. Berlin: Federal ministry for economic affairs and energy (BMWi).
  • Costanza, R., d’Arge, R., De Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., … Raskin, R. G. (1997). The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387(6630), 253–260.
  • Deutsche Welle. (2019). German court orders suspension of Hambach Forest clearance [online]. Berlin: Author.
  • DIW Berlin (German Institute for Economic Research), Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, and Ecologic Institute. (2019). Phasing out coal in the German Energy Sector: Interdependencies, challenges, and potential solutions. Retrieved from https://www.ecologic.eu/sites/files/publication/2019/3537-kohlereader_englisch-final.pdf
  • Donahue, M. (2018, April 15). Ancient forest home of squatter communities is doomed by coal. [Online] National Geograhic. Retrieved from https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/04/hambach-forest-germany-logging-coal-conservation-science/
  • Edenhofer, O., Steckel, J. C., Jakob, M., & Bertram, C. (2018). Reports of coal’s terminal decline may be exaggerated. Environmental Research Letters, 13(2), 1–9.
  • Erickson, P. (2018). Confronting carbon lock-in: Canada’s oil sands (Discussion brief), Stockholm Environment Institute, Seattle, WA.
  • Erickson, P., Lazarus, M., & Piggot, G. (2018). Limiting fossil fuel production as the next big step in climate policy. Nature Climate Change, 8, 1037–1043.
  • European Commission. (2019). Your social security rights in Germany. Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, Directorate C, Unit C.2. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=13751&langId=en
  • Farmer, J. D., Hepburn, C., Ives, M. C., Hale, T., Wetzer, T., Mealy, P., … Way, R. (2019). Sensitive intervention points in the post-carbon transition. Science, 364(6436), 132–134.
  • Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt). (2019). Methodological Convention 3.0 for the Determination of Environmental Costs: Cost Rates. February 2019.
  • Fæhn, T., Hagem, C., Lindholt, L., Mæland, S., & Rosendahl, K. E. (2017). Climate policies in a fossil fuel producing country – demand versus supply side policies. The Energy Journal, 38(1), 77–102.
  • Fisher, E., Scotford, E., & Barritt, E. (2017). The legally disruptive nature of climate change. The Modern Law Review, 80(2), 173–201.
  • Foley, J. A., DeFries, R., Asner, G. P., Barford, C., Bonan, G., Carpenter, S. R., … Helkowski, J. H. (2005). Global consequences of land use. Science, 309(5734), 570–574.
  • Friedlingstein, P., Jones, M. W., O’Sullivan, M., Andrew, R. M., Hauck, J., Peters, G. P., … Zaehle, S. (2019). Global carbon budget 2019. Earth System Scientific Data, 11, 1783–1838.
  • Fuss, S., Canadell, J. G., Peters, G. P., Tavoni, M., Andrew, R. M., Ciais, P., … Le Quéré, C. (2014). Betting on negative emissions. Nature Climate Change, 4(10), 850–853.
  • Ganguly, G., Setzer, J., & Heyvaert, V. (2018). If at first you don’t succeed: Suing corporations for climate change. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 38(4), 1–28.
  • Gasser, T., Guivarch, C., Tachiiri, K., Jones, C. D., & Ciais, P. (2015). Negative emissions physically needed to keep global warming below 2°C. Nature Communications, 6, 1–7.
  • Global Energy Monitor. (2019). Global Coal Plant Tracker. Summary statistics. Retrieved from https://endcoal.org/global-coal-plant-tracker/
  • Green, F., & Denniss, R. (2018). Cutting with both arms of the scissors: The economic and political case for restrictive supply-side climate policies. Climatic Change, 150, 1–15.
  • Hamilton, K., Brahmbhatt, M., & Liu, J. (2017). Multiple benefits from climate change mitigation: assessing the evidence. Policy report, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.
  • Hein, J. F. (2018). Federal lands and fossil fuels: Maximizing social welfare in federal energy leasing. Harvard Environmental Law Review, 42, 1.
  • Helm, D. (2015). Natural capital: Valuing the planet. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Imboden, C., & Moczek, N. (2015). Risks and opportunities in the biodiversity management and related stakeholder involvement of the RWE Hambach Lignite Mine. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2018). Global warming of 1.5°: An IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. Paris, France: IPCC.
  • International Energy Agency (IEA). (2018). Coal Information 2018. Paris, France: IEA.
  • Jewell, J., Vinichenko, V., Nacke, L., & Cherp, A. (2019). Prospects for powering past coal. Nature Climate Change, 9(8), 592–597.
  • Johnsson, F., Kjärstad, J., & Rootzén, J. (2019). The threat to climate change mitigation posed by the abundance of fossil fuels. Climate Policy, 19(2), 258–274.
  • Öko-Institut. (2018). Dem Ziel verpflichtet  CO2:  Mindestpreise im Instrumentenmix einer Kohle-Ausstiegsstrategie für Deutschland. Berlin: WWF Deutschland. Retrieved from https://mobil.wwf.de/fileadmin/fm-wwf/Publikationen-PDF/WWF_Studie_Kohleausstieg_CO2_Mindestpreise.pdf
  • Kost, C., Shammugam, S., Jülch, V., Nguyen, H., & Schlegl, T. (2018). Levelized cost of electricity renewable energy technologies. Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE.
  • Kysar, D. A. (2011). What climate change can do about tort law. Environmental Law, 41(1), 1–71.
  • Larkin, A., Kuriakose, J., Sharmina, M., & Anderson, K. (2018). What if negative emission technologies fail at scale? Implications of the Paris Agreement for big emitting nations. Climate Policy, 18(6), 690–714.
  • Larondelle, N., & Haase, D. (2012). Valuing post-mining landscapes using an ecosystem services approach—An example from Germany. Ecological Indicators, 18, 567–574.
  • Lazarus, M., Erickson, P., & Tempest, K. (2015). Supply-side climate policy: the road less taken. Stockholm Environment Institute, Working Paper, SEI-WP-2015-13 (October), pp. 1–24.
  • McGlade, C., & Ekins, P. (2015). The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting global warming to 2°C. Nature, 517(7533), 187–190.
  • McHarg, A., Barton, B., Bradbrook, A., & Godden, L., eds. (2010). Property and the law in energy and natural resources. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Meidinger, E. E. (1980). The public uses of eminent domain: History and policy. Environmental Law, 11(1), 1–66.
  • Mendelevitch, R., Hauenstein, C., & Holz, F. (2019). The death spiral of coal in the US: Will changes in US policy turn the tide? Climate Policy, 19(10), 1310–1324.
  • Michel, J. H. (2005). Status and impacts of the German lignite industry. Swedish NGO Secretariat of Acid Rain.
  • Office for National Statistics and Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs. (2017). Principles of natural capital accounting: A background paper for those wanting to understand the concepts and methodology underlying the UK natural capital accounts being developed by ONS and Defra. London, UK: Office for National Statistics.
  • Oil Change International. (2018). The sky’s limit California: Why the Paris climate goals demand that California lead in a managed decline of oil extraction. Washington, DC: Author.
  • O’Sullivan, M., Edler, D., & Lehr, U. (2019). Ökonomische Indikatoren der Energiebereitstellung: Methode, Abgrenzung und Ergebnisse für den Zeitraum 2000-2017. Berlin: Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW). Retrieved from https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/201574/1/1669556603.pdf
  • Pew Research Center. (2019, February 10). Climate Change Still Seen as the Top Global Threat, but Cyberattacks a Rising Concern.
  • Pfeiffer, A., Hepburn, C., Vogt-Schilb, A., & Caldecott, B. (2018). Committed emissions from existing and planned power plants and asset stranding required to meet the Paris Agreement. Environmental Research Letters, 13(5), 054019.
  • Pindyck, R. S. (2019). The social cost of carbon revisited. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 94, 140–160.
  • Ricke, K., Drouet, L., Caldeira, K., & Tavoni, M. (2018). Country-level social cost of carbon. Nature Climate Change, 8(10), 895–900.
  • Rogelj, J., Schaeffer, M., Friedlingstein, P., Gillett, N. P., Van Vuuren, D. P., Riahi, K., … Knutti, R. (2016). Differences between carbon budget estimates unraveled. Nature Climate Change, 6(3), 245–252.
  • Rønne, A. (2010). Public and private rights to natural resources and differences in their protection. In A. McHarg, B. Barton, A. Bradbrook, & L. Godden (Eds.), Property and the law in energy and natural resources (pp. 60–79). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • RWE. (2018). Powering Into the Future: Annual Report 2018.
  • Sabin Center for Climate Change Law. (2018). Climate change litigation databases. New York: Author.
  • Schmitz, R. (2006). Provision of resources for the city by the Hambach opencast mine. International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment (IAEG), Paper number 791.
  • SEI, IISD, ODI, Climate Analytics, CICERO, and UNEP. (2019). The production gap: The discrepancy between countries’ planned fossil fuel production and global production levels consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C or 2°C. Retrieved from http://productiongap.org/
  • Sinn, H. W. (2012). The green paradox: A supply-side approach to global warming. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Squillace, M. (2012). The tragic story of the federal coal leasing program. Natural Resources & Environment, 27, 29.
  • Statistik der Kohlenwirtschaft. (2019). Lignite at a glance. Retrieved from https://kohlenstatistik.de/daten-fakten/
  • Sterner, T., Barbier, E. B., Bateman, I., van den Bijgaart, I., Crépin, A. S., Edenhofer, O., … Lange, A. (2019). Policy design for the Anthropocene. Nature Sustainability, 2, 14–21.
  • Tong, D., Zhang, Q., Zheng, Y., Caldeira, K., Shearer, C., Hong, C., … Davis, S. J. (2019). Committed emissions from existing energy infrastructure jeopardize 1.5° C climate target. Nature, 572, 373–377.
  • Van der Ploeg, S., & de Groot, R. S. (2010). The TEEB valuation database–a searchable database of 1310 estimates of monetary values of ecosystem services. Wageningen, Netherlands: Foundation for Sustainable Development.
  • Weaver, J. L., & Asmus, D. F. (2006). Unitizing oil and gas fields around the world: A comparative analysis of national laws and private contracts. Houston Journal of International Law, 28, 3.
  • Wehrmann, B. (2018, July 24). Germany’s coal exit commission. Clean Energy Wire, Berlin.
  • Wehrmann, B. (2019). Saving Hambach Forest would make it “Germany’s most expensive woodland” - RWE CEO [online]. Clean Energy Wire. Retrieved from https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/saving-hambach-forest-would-make-it-germanys-most-expensive-woodland-rwe-ceo
  • Wood, M. C. (2014). Nature’s trust: Environmental law for a new ecological age. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wynn, G., & Coghe, P. (2018). Lignite Retreat: RWE’s Short-Term Pain, Long-Term Gain. The Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis.
  • Zhao, C., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Liu, Q., Guo, J., Xiong, M., & Yuan, J. (2017). The economics of coal power generation in China. Energy Policy, 105, 1–9.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.