References
- Abdala, M. A. (2009). Key damage compensation issues in Oil and Gas international arbitration cases. American University International Law Review, 24(3), 33. https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/auilr/vol24/iss3/4/.
- Al-Bahloul v. The Republic of Tajikistan. (2010). Final Award, SCC Case No. V (064/2008), https://www.italaw.com/cases/65
- Ambrose, J. (2020). Denmark to End New Oil and Gas Exploration in North Sea. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/dec/04/denmark-to-end-new-oil-and-gas-exploration-in-north-sea
- American Independent Oil Company (Aminoil) v Kuwait. (1982). Award, 1982 21 ILM 976.
- Bilcon of Delaware et al v. Government of Canada. (2019). Award on Damages, PCA Case No. 2009-04. https://www.italaw.com/cases/1588.
- Bohmer, L. (2022). Unpacking the Rockhopper v. Italy award, including tribunal’s reasons for finding that denial of hydrocarbons concession amounted to an unlawful expropriation, and for awarding 190 million EUR to claimants. Investment Arbitration Reporter. www.iareporter.com
- Bois von Kursk, O., Muttitt, G., Picciariello, A., Dufour, L., Van de Graaf, T., Goldthau, A., Hawila, D., Adow, M., Tienhaara, K., Hans, F., Day, T., Mooldijk, S., Abbot, M., & Logan, A. (2022). Navigating Energy Transitions: Mapping the Road to 1.5°C. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/navigating-energy-transitions
- Bonnitcha, J., & Brewin, S. (2020). Compensation under investment treaties: What are the problems and what can be done? International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/publications/compensation-under-investment-treaties
- Bonnitcha, J., Poulsen, L., & Waibel, M. (2017). The political economy of the investment treaty regime. Oxford University Press.
- BP. (2023). BP Energy Outlook 2023. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/energy-outlook/bp-energy-outlook-2023.pdf
- Brownlie, I. (1979). Principles of public international Law. Clarendon Press.
- Burgstaller, M., & Ketcheson, J. (2017). Should expropriation risk be taken into account in the assessment of damages? ICSID Review, 32(1), 193–215. https://doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/siw018
- Case Concerning the Factory at Chorzów. (1928). PCIJ 1928 Ser A, No 17, 47.
- Chodorow, D., Dorobantu, F., & Bañez, F. (2022). Quantum in Oil and Gas and Mining Disputes. Global Arbitration Review. https://globalarbitrationreview.com/guide/the-guide-damages-in-international-arbitration/5th-edition/article/quantum-in-oil-and-gas-and-mining-disputes
- Climate Action Network. (2022). Outrage as Italy Ordered to Pay Out Millions to Oil Investor Over Energy Charter Treaty Claim. Press Release, https://caneurope.org/outrage-as-italy-ordered-to-pay-out-millions-to-oil-investor-over-energy-charter-treaty-claim/
- ConocoPhillips Petrozuata, ConocoPhillips Hamaca and ConocoPhillips Gulf of Paria v. Venezuela. (2013). Decision on Jurisdiction and Merits. ICSID Case No. ARB/07/30, https://www.italaw.com/cases/321
- ConocoPhillips Petrozuata, ConocoPhillips Hamaca and ConocoPhillips Gulf of Paria v. Venezuela. (2019). Award. ICSID Case No. ARB/07/30, https://www.italaw.com/cases/321
- Dale, S., & Fattouh, B. (2018). Peak Oil Demand and Long-Run Oil Prices. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/peak-oil-demand-long-run-oil-prices/
- Deloitte, O., & Forecast, G. P. (2022). https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ca/Documents/energy-resources/ca-en-energy-and-resources-oil-and-gas-price-forecast-q3_AODA.pdf
- Di Salvatore, L. (2021). Investor–State Disputes in the Fossil Fuel Industry. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2022-01/investor%E2%80%93state-disputes-fossil-fuel-industry.pdf
- Dupuy, P.-M. (2022). Individual Opinion by Professor Pierre-Marie Dupuy in Rockhopper Italia S.p.A., Rockhopper Mediterranean Ltd, and Rockhopper Exploration Plc v. Italian Republic. ICSID Case, No. ARB/17/14.
- Dupuy, P.-M., & Viñuales, J. (2018). International environmental law (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Eco Oro Minerals Corp. v. Republic of Colombia. (2021). ICSID Case No. ARB/16/41. Decision on Jurisdiction, Liability and Directions on Quantum.
- European Parliament. (2022). Resolution of 24 November 2022 on the Outcome of the Modernization of the Energy Charter Treaty (2022/2934(RSP)). https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2022-0421_EN.html
- European Union. (2020). EU Text Proposal for the Modernization of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT). https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2020/may/tradoc_158754.pdf
- Fauchald, O. K. (2015). Property and environmental protection in investor-state arbitration. In G. Winter (Ed.), Property and environmental protection in Europe (pages (pp. 76–93). Europa Law Publishing.
- Gaulin, N., & Le Billon, P. (2020). Climate change and fossil fuel production cuts: Assessing global supply-side constraints and policy implications. Climate Policy, 20(8), 888–901. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2020.1725409
- General Assembly of the United Nations. (1962). Resolution 1803, Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources.
- General Assembly of the United Nations. (1974). Resolution 3201, Declaration on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order.
- Hailes, O. (2022). Unjust enrichment in investor–state arbitration: A principled limit on compensation for future income from fossil fuels. RECIEL, 1–13. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111reel.12483
- Heffron, R. (2021). The challenge for energy justice. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Heffron, R. (2022). Applying energy justice into the energy transition. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 156, 111936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111936
- Helm, D. (2017). Burn Out. Yale University Press.
- Hirsh, S. (2020). Portugal Is No Longer Extracting Fossil Fuels After Canceling Two Remaining Contracts. Green Matters. https://www.greenmatters.com/p/portugal-fossil-fuel-contracts
- IEA. (2022). Renewables 2022. https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2022
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2022). Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. https://report.ipcc.ch/ar6/wg3/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_Full_Report.pdf
- International Energy Agency (IEA). (2021). Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/deebef5d-0c34-4539-9d0c-10b13d840027/NetZeroby2050-ARoadmapfortheGlobalEnergySector_CORR.pdf
- International Law Association Committee on Legal Principles Relating to Climate Change. (2014). Declaration of Legal Principles Relating to Climate Change. https://www.ila-hq.org/en_GB/committees/the-legal-principles-relating-to-climate-change
- Ishikawa, T. (2015). The Role of the Precautionary and Polluter Pays Principles in Assessing Compensation (RIETI Discussion Paper Series 15-E-107). https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/15e107.pdf
- Jenkins, K., McCauley, D., Heffron, R., Stephan, H., & Rehner, R. (2016). Energy justice: A conceptual review. Energy Research & Social Science, 11, 174–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2015.10.004
- Kantor, M. A. (2008). Valuation for arbitration: Compensation standards, valuation methods and expert evidence. Kluwer Law International.
- Katowice Committee on Impacts. (2022). Enhancing the capacity and understanding of Parties, through collaboration and input from stakeholders, on the assessment and analysis of the impacts of the implementation of response measures to facilitate the undertaking of economic diversification and transformation and just transition. UNFCCC. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Technical-paper-Enhancing-the-capacity-and-understanding-%20of-Parties.pdf
- Katowice Committee on Impacts. (2023). Implementation of just transition and economic diversification strategies: a compilation of best practices from different countries. UNFCCC. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/A%20compilation%20of%20best%20practices%20on%20JT%20and%20EDT.pdf
- Linarelli, J., Salomon, M. E., & Sornarajah, M. (2018). The misery of international Law. Oxford University Press.
- Marboe, I. (2017). Calculation of compensation and damages in international investment law (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Marisi, F. (2020). Environmental interests in investment arbitration. Kluwer Law International.
- Mayer, B. (2016). The relevance of the No-harm principle to climate change Law and politics. Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law, 19, 79–104. https://doi.org/10.4337/apjel.2016.01.04
- Mayer, B. (2018). International law obligations arising in relation to nationally determined contributions. Transnational Environmental Law, 7(2), 251–275. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2047102518000110
- Mayer, B. (2022). International Law obligations on climate change mitigation. Oxford University Press.
- Methanex Corporation v. United States of America. (2005). UNCITRAL, https://www.italaw.com/cases/683
- Moehlecke, C. (2020). The chilling effect of international investment disputes: Limited challenges to state sovereignty. International Studies Quarterly, 64(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqz077
- Moulds, J. (2021). Outrage as Italy Faces Multimillion Pound Damages to UK Oil Firm. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/jul/25/outrage-as-italy-faces-multimillion-pound-damages-to-uk-oil-firm
- Muttitt, G., & Kartha, S. (2020). Equity, climate justice and fossil fuel extraction: Principles for a managed phase out. Climate Policy, 20(8), 1024–1042. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2020.1763900
- Occidental Petroleum Corporation and Occidental Exploration and Production Company v. Ecuador. (2012). ICSID Case No. ARB/06/11, https://www.italaw.com/cases/767
- OECD. (2022). Public Consultation on Investment Treaties and Climate Change, Compilation of Submissions. https://www.oecd.org/investment/investment-policy/OECD-investment-treaties-climate-change-consultation-responses.pdf
- Pahuja, S. (2011). Decolonising international law. Cambridge University Press.
- Paine, J., & Sheargold, E. (2023). A climate change carve-Out for investment treaties. Journal of International Economic Law, 26(2), 285–304. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgad011
- Paparinskis, M. (2020). A case against crippling compensation in international Law of state responsibility. The Modern Law Review, 83(6), 1246–1286. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12562
- Perenco Ecuador Ltd. v. Ecuador. (2019). Award, ICSID Case No. ARB/08/6. https://www.italaw.com/cases/819
- Phillips Petroleum Company Iran v Iran and the NIOC. (1989). 21 Iran-US CTR 79.
- Piggot, G., Verkuijl, C., van Asselt, H., & Lazarus, M. (2020). Curbing fossil fuel supply to achieve climate goals. Climate Policy, 20(8), 881–887. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2020.1804315
- Polanyi, K. (2001). The great transformation (2nd ed.). Beacon Press.
- Pratt, S. P., Reilly, R. F., & Schweihs, R. P. (2000). Valuing a business (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional.
- Rennert, K., & Kingdon, C. (2019). Social Cost of Carbon 101. Resources for the Future. https://www.rff.org/publications/explainers/social-cost-carbon-101/
- Rennert, K., Prest, B., Pizer, W., Newell, R., Anthoff, D., Kingdon, C., Rennels, L., Cooke, R., Raftery, A., Ševčíková, H., & Errickson, F. (2021). The Social Cost of Carbon. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/the-social-cost-of-carbon/
- Rivkin, D. W., & Lavaud, F. (2015). Determining compensation for expropriation in treaty-based oil & gas arbitrations. In J. M. Gaitis (Ed.), The leading practitioners’ guide to international oil & gas arbitration (pp. 217–262). Jurisnet.
- Rockhopper Italia S.p.A., Rockhopper Mediterranean Ltd, and Rockhopper Exploration Plc v. Italian Republic. (2022). Final Award, ICSID Case No. ARB/17/14. https://www.italaw.com/cases/5788
- Sands, P., & Peel, J. (2018). Principles of international environmental Law (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Santa Elena v. Costa Rica. (2000). Award. ICSID Case No. ARB/96/1. https://www.italaw.com/cases/3413
- Sapphire International Petroleum v NIOC. (1963). Award. 1967 35 ILR 136.
- Schill, S. (2007). Do investment treaties chill unilateral state regulation to mitigate climate change? Journal of International Arbitration, 24(5), 469–477. https://doi.org/10.54648/JOIA2007035
- Schwartz, P. (2015). Principle 16. In J. Viñuales (Ed.), The Rio declaration on environment and development (pages (pp. 429–450). Oxford University Press.
- SEI, IISD, ODI, E3G, and UNEP. (2021). The Production Gap Report 2021. http://productiongap.org/2021report
- Southern Pacific Properties (Middle East) Limited v. Egypt. (1992). ICSID Case No. ARB/84/3. https://www.italaw.com/cases/3300
- Tethyan Copper Company Pty Limited v. Islamic Republic of Pakistan. (2019). ICSID Case No. ARB/12/1, Award. https://www.italaw.com/cases/1631
- Texaco Overseas Petroleum Company and California Asiatic Oil Company v. Libya. (1977). Award on the Merits, 53 ILR 389.
- Tienhaara, K. (2009). The expropriation of environmental governance. Cambridge University Press.
- Tienhaara, K. (2011). Regulatory chill and the threat of arbitration. In C. Brown, & K. Miles (Eds.), Evolution in investment treaty Law and arbitration (pages (pp. 606–628). Cambridge University Press.
- Tienhaara, K. (2018). Regulatory chill in a warming world: The threat to climate policy posed by investor-state dispute settlement. Transnational Environmental Law, 7(2), 229–250. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2047102517000309
- Tienhaara, K., Thrasher, R., Simmons, B. A., & Gallagher, K. (2022a). Investor-state disputes threaten the global green energy transition. Science, 376(6594), 701–703. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abo4637
- Tienhaara, K., Johnson, L., & Burger, M. (2020). Valuing Fossil Fuel Assets in an Era of Climate Disruption. Investment Treaty News. https://www.iisd.org/itn/en/2020/06/20/valuing-fossil-fuel-assets-in-an-era-of-climate-disruption/
- Tienhaara, K., Thrasher, R., Simmons, A., & Gallagher, K. (2022b). Investor-state dispute settlement: Obstructing a just energy transition. Climate Policy, https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2153102
- Titi, C. (2014). The right to regulate in international investment Law. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Todd, F. (2019). Italy Oil and Gas Ban on Exploration Could Spark Legal Action, Says Analyst. https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/italy-oil-gas-ban/
- van Asselt, H. (2021). Governing fossil fuel production in the age of climate disruption: Towards an international law of ‘leaving it in the ground’. Earth System Governance, 9, 100118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2021.100118
- Venezuela Holdings, B.V., et al v. Venezuela. (2014). Award, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/27. https://www.italaw.com/cases/713.
- Viñuales, J. (2012). Foreign investment and the environment in international Law. Cambridge University Press.
- Waelde, T., & Kolo, A. (2001). Environmental regulation, investment protection and ‘regulatory taking’ in international Law. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 50(4), 811–848. https://doi.org/10.1093/iclq/50.4.811
- Waibel, M., Kaushal, A., Chung, L., & Balchin, C. (2010). The backlash against investment arbitration. Kluwer Law International.
- Weiniger, M., & Villaggi, F. (2014). Exxon Mobil is awarded US$1.6 billion in ICSID claim against Venezuela. Herbert Smith Freehills. https://hsfnotes.com/arbitration/2014/10/16/exxon-mobil-is-awarded-us1-6-billion-in-icsid-claim-against-venezuela-to-be-set-off-against-award-in-parallel-contractual-arbitration/
- Williams, S., & Doyon, A. (2019). Justice in energy transitions. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 31, 144–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2018.12.001
- Wood Mackenzie. (2021). Carbon pricing plans ‘could transform upstream oil and gas economics’, https://www.woodmac.com/press-releases/carbon-pricing-plans-could-transform-upstream-oil-and-gas-economics/
- World Bank. (1992). Legal Framework for the Treatment of Foreign Investment (No. 11415). https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/955221468766167766/pdf/multi-page.pdf
- Yukos Universal Limited (Isle of Man) v. Russia. (2014). PCA Case No. 2005-04/AA227.