Itolizumab, an anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody, as a potential treatment for COVID-19 complications

References

• [Cited 2020 Jul 2]. Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/.
   Google Scholar
• Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061–1069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tay MZ, Poh CM, Rénia L, et al. The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20:363–374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joshi SR. Indian COVID-19 risk score, co-morbidities and mortality. J Assoc Physician India. 2020;68:11–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roschewski M, Lionakis MS, Sharman JP, et al. Inhibition of Bruton tyrosine kinase in patients with severe COVID-19. Sci Immunol. 2020;5(48):eabd0110. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd0110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alijotas-Reig J, Esteve-Valverde E, Belizna C, et al. Immunomodulatory therapy for the management of severe COVID-19. Beyond the anti-viral therapy: a comprehensive review. Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(7):102569. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marovich M, Mascola JR, Cohen MS. Monoclonal antibodies for prevention and treatment of COVID-19. JAMA. 2020;324(2):131–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bughani U, Saha A, Kuriakose A, et al. T cell activation and differentiation is modulated by a CD6 domain 1 antibody Itolizumab. PloS One. 2017;12(7):e0180088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guaraldi G, Meschiari M, Cozzi-Lepri A, et al. Tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol;2020. DOI: 10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30173-9.
   Google Scholar
• Cavalli G, De Luca G, Campochiaro C, et al. Interleukin-1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020;2:e325-e331.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sardu C, Gambardella J, Morelli MB, et al. Hypertension, thrombosis, kidney failure, and diabetes: is COVID-19 an endothelial disease? A comprehensive evaluation of clinical and basic evidence. J Clin Med. 2020;9(5):1417. doi:10.3390/jcm9051417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan W-J, Ni Z-Y, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708–1720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gambardella J, Sardu C, Santulli G. COVID-19 and endothelial dysfunction. JAMA. 2020. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17295.74407.
   Google Scholar
• Sardu C, D’Onofrio N, Balestrieri ML, et al. Outcomes in patients with hyperglycemia affected by Covid-19: can we do more on glycemic control? Diabetes Care. 2020;43(7):1408–1415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sardu C, Gargiulo G, Esposito G, et al. Impact of diabetes mellitus on clinical outcomes in patients affected by Covid-19. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19(1):1–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong J, Tang J, Ye C, et al. The immunology of COVID-19: is immune modulation an option for treatment? Lancet Rheumatol. 2020; Published Online May 20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30120-X
   Google Scholar
• Marfella R, Paolisso P, Sardu C, et al. Negative impact of hyperglycaemia on tocilizumab therapy in Covid-19 patients. Diabetes Metab. 2020. DOI:10.1016/j.diabet.2020.05.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nair P, Melarkode R, Rajkumar D, et al. CD6 synergistic co‐stimulation promoting proinflammatory response is modulated without interfering with the activated leucocyte cell adhesion molecule interaction. Clin Exp Immunol. 2010;162(1):116–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anand A, Assudani D, Nair P, et al. Safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of T1h, a humanized anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody, in moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis – results from a randomized phase II trial. (96.13). J Immunol. April 1, 2010, 184 (1 Supplement) 96.13.
   Google Scholar
• Krupashankar D, Dogra S, Kura M, et al. Efficacy and safety of itolizumab, a novel anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody, in patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase-III study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(3):484–492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dogra S, Budamakuntla L, Srinivas C, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of itolizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis: a double-blind, randomized-withdrawal, placebo-controlled study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73(2):331-333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chopra A, Chandrashekara S, Iyer R, et al. Itolizumab in combination with methotrexate modulates active rheumatoid arthritis: safety and efficacy from a phase 2, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, dose-ranging study. Clin Rheumatol. 2016;35(4):1059–1064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez PC, Prada DM, Moreno E, et al. The anti‐CD6 antibody itolizumab provides clinical benefit without lymphopenia in rheumatoid arthritis patients: results from a 6‐month, open‐label Phase I clinical trial. Clin Exp Immunol. 2018;191(2):229–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treatment of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with the anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody itolizumab-full text- WHO-ICTRP [Internet] [Cited 2020 Jul 16]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=RPCEC00000311.
   Google Scholar
• Budamakuntla L, Shree-Lakshmi H, Bansal A, et al. Spotlight on itolizumab in the treatment of psoriasis–current perspectives from India. Psoriasis. 2019;9:19-27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar