Exploring the structure and meaning of public service motivation in the Turkish public sector: a test of the mediating effects of job characteristics

References

• Andersen, L., and S. Serritzlew. 2012. “Does Public Service Motivation Affect the Behavior of Professionals?” International Journal of Public Administration 35 (1): 19–29. doi:10.1080/01900692.2011.635277.
   Google Scholar
• Aryee, S., P. S. Budhwar, and Z. X. Chen. 2002. “Trust as a Mediator of the Relationship between Organizational Justice and Work Outcomes: Test of a Social Exchange Model.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 23 (3): 267–285. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avdan, N. 2014. “Do Asylum Recognition Rates in Europe Respond to Transnational Terrorism? the Migration-Security Nexus Revisited.” European Union Politics 15: 445–471. doi:10.1177/1465116514534908.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blau, P. M. 1964. Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Bobbio, A., D. Van Dierendonck, and A. M. Manganelli. 2012. “Servant Leadership in Italy and Its Relation to Organizational Variables.” Leadership 8 (3): 229–243. doi:10.1177/1742715012441176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollen, K. A. 1989. Structural Equations with Latent Variables. New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Bollen, K. A., and S. Long, edited by. 1993. Testing Structural Equation Models. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Brewer, G. A. 2005. “In the Eye of the Storm: Frontline Supervisors and Federal Agency Performance.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 15 (4): 505–527. doi:10.1093/jopart/mui031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewer, G. A., and G. A. Brewer Jr. 2011. “Parsing Public/Private Differences in Work Motivation and Performance: An Experimental Study.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 21 (suppl. 3): i347–i362. doi:10.1093/jopart/mur030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewer, G. A., S. C. Selden, and R. L. Facer II. 2000. “Individual Conceptions of Public Service Motivation.” Public Administration Review 60 (3): 254–264. doi:10.1111/puar.2000.60.issue-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camilleri, E. 2006. “Towards Developing an Organisational Commitment-Public Service Motivation Model for the Maltese Public Service Employees.” Public Policy and Administration 21 (1): 63–83. doi:10.1177/095207670602100105.
   Google Scholar
• Castaing, S. 2006. “The Effects of Psychological Contract Fulfilment and Public Service Motivation on Organizational Commitment in the French Civil Service.” Public Policy and Administration 21 (1): 84–98. doi:10.1177/095207670602100106.
   Google Scholar
• Cerase, F. P., and D. Farinella. 2009. “Public Service Motivation: How Does It Relate to Management Reforms and Changes in the Working Situation of Public Organizations? A Case Study of the Italian Revenue Agency.” Public Policy and Administration 24 (3): 281–308. doi:10.1177/0952076709103812.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, D. 2001. “Method Effects of Positive Affectivity, Negative Affectivity, and Impression Management in Self-Reports of Work Attitudes.” Human Performance 14 (1): 77–96. doi:10.1207/S15327043HUP1401_05.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, D. 2009. “So Why Ask Me? are Self-Report Data Really that Bad?” In Statistical and Methodological Myths and Urban Legends: Doctrine, Verity and Fable in the Organizational and Social Sciences, edited by C. E. Lance and R. J. Vandenberg. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Conger, J. A., and R. N. Kanungo. 1988. “The Empowerment Process: Integrating Theory and Practice.” Academy of Management Review 13 (3): 471–482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway, J. M., and C. E. Lance. 2010. “What Reviewers Should Expect from Authors regarding Common Method Bias in Organizational Research.” Journal of Business Psychology 25 (3): 325–334. doi:10.1007/s10869-010-9181-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craighead, C. W., D. J. Ketchen, K. S. Dunn, and G. T. M. Hult. 2011. “Addressing Common Method Variance: Guidelines for Survey Research on Information Technology, Operations, and Supply Chain Management.” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 58 (3): 578–588. doi:10.1109/TEM.2011.2136437.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, J. H., F. D. Schoorman, and L. Donaldson. 1997. “Toward a Stewardship Theory of Management.” Academy of Management Review 22 (1): 20–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Waal, A., and M. Sivro. 2012. “The Relation between Servant Leadership, Organizational Performance, and the High-Performance Organization Framework.” Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 19 (2): 173–190. doi:10.1177/1548051812439892.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci, E. L., R. Koestner, and R. M. Ryan. 1999. “A Meta-Analytic Review of Experiments Examining the Effects of Extrinsic Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation.” Psychological Bulletin 125 (6): 627–668. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dicke, L. A., and J. S. Ott. 2002. “A Test: Can Stewardship Theory Serve as A Second Conceptual Foundation for Accountability Methods in Contracted Human Services?” International Journal of Public Administration 25 (4): 463–487. doi:10.1081/PAD-120013252.
   Google Scholar
• Donaldson, L., and J. H. Davis. 1991. “Stewardship Theory or Agency Theory: CEO Governance and Shareholder Returns.” Australian Journal of Management 16 (1): 49–64. doi:10.1177/031289629101600103.
   Google Scholar
• Fornell, C., and D. F. Larcker. 1981. “Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error.” Journal of Marketing Research 18 (1): 39–50. doi:10.2307/3151312.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, F. D., R. P. Finnegan, and C. R. Taylor. 2004. “The Race for Talent: Retaining and Engaging Workers in the 21st Century.” Human Resource Planning 27 (3): 12–25.
   Google Scholar
• Glick, W. H., G. D. Jenkins, and N. Gupta. 1986. “Method versus Substance: How Strong are Underlying Relationships between Job Characteristics and Attitudinal Outcomes?” Academy of Management Journal 29 (3): 441–464. doi:10.2307/256218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glisson, C., and M. Durick. 1988. “Predictors of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Human Service Organizations.” Administrative Science Quarterly 33 (1): 61–81. doi:10.2307/2392855.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould-Williams, J., and F. Davies. 2005. “Using Social Exchange Theory to Predict the Effects of HRM Practice on Employee Outcomes: An Analysis of Public Sector Workers.” Public Management Review 7 (1): 1–24. doi:10.1080/1471903042000339392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould-Williams, J. S., A. M. S. Mostafa, and P. Bottomley. 2013. “Public Service Motivation and Employee Outcomes in the Egyptian Public Sector: Testing the Mediating Effect of Person- Organization Fit.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. doi:10.1093/jopart/mut053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, A. M. 2007. “Relational Job Design and the Motivation to Make a Prosocial Difference.” Academy of Management Review 32 (2): 393–417. doi:10.5465/AMR.2007.24351328.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hackman, J. R., and G. R. Oldham. 1975. “Development of the Job Diagnostic Survey.” Journal of Applied Psychology 60 (2): 159–170. doi:10.1037/h0076546.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hackman, J. R., and G. R. Oldham. 1980. Work Redesign. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., R. E. Anderson, R. L. Tatham, and W. C. Black. 2009. Multivariate Data Analysis. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Jöreskog, K. G. 1999. “How Large Can a Standardized Coefficient Be?” Unpublished technical report. http://www.ssicentral.com/lisrel/techdocs/HowLargeCanaStandardizedCoefficientbe.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Judge, T., J. Bono, and E. Locke. 2000. “Personality and Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Job Characteristics.” Journal of Applied Psychology 85 (2): 237–249. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.85.2.237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn, W. A. 1990. “Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work.” Academy of Management Journal 33 (4): 692–724. doi:10.2307/256287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn, W. A. 1992. “To Be Fully There: Psychological Presence at Work.” Human Relations 45 (4): 321–349. doi:10.1177/001872679204500402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S. 2009. “Testing the Structure of Public Service Motivation in Korea: A Research Note.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 19 (4): 839–851. doi:10.1093/jopart/mup019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S. 2011. “Testing a Revised Measure of Public Service Motivation: Reflective versus Formative Specification.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 21 (3): 521–546. doi:10.1093/jopart/muq048.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S., T. M. Egan, and M. J. Moon. 2014. “Managerial Coaching Efficacy, Work-Related Attitudes, and Performance in Public Organizations: A Comparative International Study.” Review of Public Personnel Administration 34 (3): 237–262. doi:10.1177/0734371X13491120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liden, R. C., S. J. Wayne, and R. T. Sparrowe. 2000. “An Examination of the Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment on the Relations between the Job, Interpersonal Relationships, and Work Outcomes.” Journal of Applied Psychology 85 (3): 407–416. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.85.3.407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• March, J. G., and J. P. Olsen. 1989. Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics. New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Maslach, C., W. B. Schaufeli, and M. P. Leiter. 2001. “Job Burnout.” Annual Review of Psychology 52 (1): 397–422. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moynihan, D. P., and S. K. Pandey. 2007. “The Role of Organizations in Fostering Public Service Motivation.” Public Administration Review 67 (1): 40–53. doi:10.1111/puar.2007.67.issue-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MSPB (MSPB) Report. 2012. “Federal Employee Engagement: The Motivating Potential of Job Characteristics and Rewards.” A Report to the President and the Congress of the United States by the U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board, November.
   Google Scholar
• O’Toole, L. J., and K. J. Meier. 2015. “Public Management, Context, and Performance: In Quest of a More General Theory.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 25 (1): 237–256. doi:10.1093/jopart/muu011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, S. M., and H. G. Rainey. 2008. “Leadership and Public Service Motivation in US Federal Agencies.” International Public Management Journal 11 (1): 109–142. doi:10.1080/10967490801887954.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry, J. L. 1996. “Measuring Public Service Motivation: An Assessment of Construct Reliability and Validity.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 6 (1): 5–22.
   Google Scholar
• Perry, J. L. 1997. “Antecedents of Public Service Motivation.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 7 (2): 181–197. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024345.
   Google Scholar
• Perry, J. L. 2000. “Bringing Society In: Toward a Theory of Public-Service Motivation.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10 (2): 471–488. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024277.
   Google Scholar
• Perry, J. L., and L. R. Wise. 1990. “The Motivational Bases of Public Service.” Public Administration Review 50 (3): 367–373. doi:10.2307/976618.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piccolo, R. F., and J. A. Colquitt. 2006. “Transformational Leadership and Job Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Core Job Characteristics.” Academy of Management Journal 49 (2): 327–340. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2006.20786079.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillai, R., C. A. Schreisheim, and E. A. Williams. 1999. “Fairness Perceptions and Trust as Mediators for Transformational Leadership and Transactional Leadership: A Two-Sample Study.” Journal of Management 25 (6): 897–933. doi:10.1177/014920639902500606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinder, C. C. 2008. Work Motivation in Organizational Behavior. New York: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M., S. B. MacKenzie, J. Lee, and N. P. Podsakoff. 2003. “Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies.” Journal of Applied Psychology 88 (5): 879–903. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M., S. B. MacKenzie, R. H. Moorman, and R. Fetter. 1990. “Transformational Leader Behaviors and Their Effects on Followers’ Trust in Leader, Satisfaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors.” The Leadership Quarterly 1 (2): 107–142. doi:10.1016/1048-9843(90)90009-7.
   Google Scholar
• PPS (Partnership for Public Service). 2008. “Getting on Board: A Model for Integrating and Engaging New Employees.” http://www.ourpublicservice.org/OPS/publications/viewcontentdetails.php?id=128
   Google Scholar
• Rainey, H. G., and P. Steinbauer. 1999. “Galloping Elephants: Developing Elements of a Theory of Effective Government Organizations.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 9 (1): 1–32. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024401.
   Google Scholar
• Ritz, A., G. A. Brewer, and O. Neumann. 2016. “Public Service Motivation: A Systematic Literature Review and Outlook.” Public Administration Review 76 (3): 414–426. doi:10.1111/puar.12505.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothbard, N. P. 2001. “Enriching or Depleting? the Dynamics of Engagement in Work and Family Roles.” Administrative Science Quarterly 46 (4): 655–684. doi:10.2307/3094827.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saks, A. M. 2006. “Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement.” Journal of Managerial Psychology 21 (7): 600–619. doi:10.1108/02683940610690169.
   Google Scholar
• Salancik, G. R., and J. Pfeffer. 1978. “A Social Information Processing Approach to Job Attitudes and Task Design.” Administrative Science Quarterly 23 (2): 224–253. doi:10.2307/2392563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, P. G., and S. K. Pandey. 2005. “Red Tape and Public Service Motivation: Findings from a National Survey of Managers in State Health and Human Services Agencies.” Review of Public Personnel Administration 25 (2): 155–180. doi:10.1177/0734371X04271526.
   Google Scholar
• Shalley, C. E., L. L. Gilson, and T. C. Blum. 2009. “Interactive Effects of Growth Need Strength, Work Context, and Job Complexity on Self-Reported Creative Performance.” Academy of Management Journal 52 (3): 489–505. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2009.41330806.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamir, B., R. J. House, and M. B. Arthur. 1993. “The Motivational Effects of Charismatic Leadership: A Self-Concept Based Theory.” Organization Science 4 (4): 577–594. doi:10.1287/orsc.4.4.577.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw, K. 2005. “An Engagement Strategy Process for Communicators.” Strategic Communication Management 9 (3): 26–29.
   Google Scholar
• Social Assistance and Solidarity (SAS) Foundation. 2015. “Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı Sosyal Yardımlar Genel Müdürlüğü.” Accessed July 20. http://www.sosyalyardimlar.gov.tr/
   Google Scholar
• Spector, P. E. 2006. “Method Variance in Organizational Research: Truth or Urban Legend?” Organizational Research Methods 9 (2): 221–232. doi:10.1177/1094428105284955.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, J. 2007. “The Impact of Public Service Motives on Work Outcomes in Australia: A Comparative Multi-Dimensional Analysis.” Public Administration 85 (4): 931–959. doi:10.1111/padm.2007.85.issue-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dierendonck, D., and I. Nuijten. 2011. “The Servant Leadership Survey: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure.” Journal of Business and Psychology 26 (3): 249–267. doi:10.1007/s10869-010-9194-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Wart, M. 2003. “Public‐Sector Leadership Theory: An Assessment.” Public Administration Review 63 (2): 214–228. doi:10.1111/puar.2003.63.issue-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandenabeele, W., S. Scheepers, and A. Hondeghem. 2006. “Public Service Motivation in an International Comparative Perspective: The UK and Germany.” Public Policy and Administration 21 (1): 13–31. doi:10.1177/095207670602100102.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, L. J., R. J. Vandenberg, and J. R. Edwards. 2009. “Structural Equation Modeling in Management Research: A Guide for Improved Analysis.” The Academy of Management Annals 3 (1): 543–604. doi:10.1080/19416520903065683.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, B. E. 2008. “Methodological Challenges Associated with Public Service Motivation Research.” In Motivation in Public Management: The Call of Public Service, edited by J. L. Perry and A. Hondeghem. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, B. E., and S. Kim. 2004. “Participation’s Influence on Job Satisfaction: The Importance of Job Characteristics.” Review of Public Personnel Administration 24 (1): 18–40. doi:10.1177/0734371X03259860.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, B. E., D. P. Moynihan, and S. K. Pandey. 2012. “Pulling the Levers: Transformational Leadership, Public Service Motivation, and Mission Valence.” Public Administration Review 72 (2): 206–215. doi:10.1111/puar.2012.72.issue-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz, S., and A. Guner. 2013. “Local Government Discretion and Accountability in Turkey.” Public Administration and Development 33 (2): 125–142. doi:10.1002/pad.v33.2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar