Relationships and resources: the isomorphism of nonprofit organizations’ (NPO) self-regulation

References

• AbouAssi, K. 2010. “International Development Management through a Southern Lens.” Public Administration and Development 30 (2): 116–123. doi:10.1002/pad.v30:2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AbouAssi, K. 2013. “Hands in the Pockets of Mercurial Donors: NGO Response to Shifting Funding Priorities.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 42 (3): 584–602. doi:10.1177/0899764012439629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AbouAssi, K. 2015. “Testing Resource Dependency as a Motivator for NGO Self-Regulation: Suggestive Evidence from the Global South.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 44 (6): 1255–1273. doi:10.1177/0899764014556774.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AbouAssi, K., and S. H. An. 2017. “Gender Representation and Organizational Size: Examining Opportunities for Members’ Involvement in Membership Organizations.” Public Management Review 19: 1437–1454. doi:10.1080/14719037.2017.1284255.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argandoña, A. 2007. “Ethical Management Systems for Not-For-Profit Organizations.” IESE Business School Working Paper No. 693. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1026231.
   Google Scholar
• Babiak, K., and L. Thibault. 2009. “Challenges in Multiple Cross-sector Partnerships.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 38 (1): 117–143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baroud, Z. 2004. “Internal Organization of NGOs.” In Internal Governance for NGOs in Lebanon, edited by L. Ball-Lechgar and G. Makarem, 29–38. Lebanon: IEC Unit, Ministry of Social Affairs.
   Google Scholar
• Baur, D., and H. P. Schmitz. 2012. “Corporations and NGOs: When Accountability Leads to Co-Optation.” Journal of Business Ethics 106 (1): 9–21. doi:10.1007/s10551-011-1057-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin, L. M. 2008. “Account Space: How Accountability Requirements Shape Nonprofit Practice.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 37 (2): 201–223. doi:10.1177/0899764007301288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bies, A. 2001. “Accountability, Organizational Capacity, and Continuous Improvement: Findings from Minnesota’s Nonprofit Sector.” New Directions for Philanthropic Fundraising 2001 (31): 51–80. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1542-7846.
   Google Scholar
• Bies, A. 2010. “Evolution of Nonprofit Self-Regulation in Europe.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 39 (6): 1057–1086. doi:10.1177/0899764010371852.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bothwell, R. O. 2001. “Trends in Self-Regulation and Transparency of Nonprofits in the US.” International Journal of Not-for-Profit Law 2 (3): 604–622.
   Google Scholar
• Bovaird, T. 2004. “Public–Private Partnerships: From Contested Concepts to Prevalent Practice.” International Review of Administrative Sciences 70 (2): 199–215. doi:10.1177/0020852304044250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinkerhoff, J. 2002. “Assessing and Improving Partnership Relationships and Outcomes: A Proposed Framework.” Evaluation and Program Planning 25 (3): 215–231. doi:10.1016/S0149-7189(02)00017-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromley, P., and C. D. Orchard. 2016. “Managed Morality: The Rise of Professional Codes of Conduct in the US Nonprofit Sector.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 45 (2): 351–374. doi:10.1177/0899764015584062.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger, R. 2012. “Reconsidering the Case for Enhancing Accountability via Regulation.” VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 23 (1): 85–108. doi:10.1007/s11266-011-9238-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carman, J. G. 2009. “Nonprofits, Funders, and Evaluation Accountability in Action.” The American Review of Public Administration 39 (4): 374–390. doi:10.1177/0275074008320190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, B. 2010. “Antecedents or Processes? Determinants of Perceived Effectiveness of Interorganizational Collaborations for Public Service Delivery.” International Public Management Journal 13 (4): 381–407. doi:10.1080/10967494.2010.524836.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, J., and B. Salloukh. 2013. “Elite Strategies, Civil Society, and Sectarian Identities in Postwar Lebanon.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 45 (04): 731–749. doi:10.1017/S0020743813000883.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeHart-Davis, L., J. Chen, and T. Little. 2013. “Written versus Unwritten Rules: The Role of Rule Formalization in Green Tape.” International Public Management Journal 16 (3): 331–356. doi:10.1080/10967494.2013.825193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiMaggio, P., and W. Powell. 1983. “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.” American Sociological Review 48: 147–160. doi:10.2307/2095101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebrahim, A. 2003a. “Accountability in Practice: Mechanisms for NGOs.” World Development 31 (5): 813–829. doi:10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00014-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebrahim, A. 2003b. “Making Sense of Accountability: Conceptual Perspectives for Northern and Southern Nonprofits.” Nonprofit Management & Leadership 14: 191–212. doi:10.1002/nml.v14:2.
   Google Scholar
• Ebrahim, A. 2005. “Accountability Myopia: Losing Sight of Organizational Learning.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 34 (1): 56–87. doi:10.1177/0899764004269430.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Daif, C. 2014. Enabling Environment National Assessment Case of Lebanon. Beirut, Lebanon: Arab NGO Network for Development.
   Google Scholar
• Faulk, L., J. Willems, J. McGinnis Johnson, and A. J. Stewart. 2016. “Network Connections and Competitively Awarded Funding: The Impacts of Board Network Structures and Status Interlocks on Nonprofit Organizations’ Foundation Grant Acquisition.” Public Management Review 18 (10): 1425–1455. doi:10.1080/14719037.2015.1112421.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frumkin, P., and J. Galaskiewicz. 2004. “Institutional Isomorphism and Public Sector Organizations.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 14 (3): 283–307. doi:10.1093/jopart/muh028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazley, B. 2008. “Beyond the Contract: The Scope and Nature of Informal Government–Nonprofit Partnerships.” Public Administration Review 68 (1): 141–154. doi:10.1111/puar.2008.68.issue-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graddy, E., and B. Chen. 2006. “Influences on the Size and Scope of Networks for Social Service Delivery.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 16 (4): 533–552. doi:10.1093/jopart/muj005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwood, R., R. Suddaby, and C. R. Hinings. 2002. “Theorizing Change: The Role of Professional Associations in the Transformation of Institutionalized Fields.” Academy of Management Journal 45 (1): 58–80. doi:10.2307/3069285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gugerty, M. K. 2009. “Signaling Virtue: Voluntary Accountability Programs among Nonprofit Organizations.” Policy Sciences 42 (3): 243–273. doi:10.1007/s11077-009-9085-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gugerty, M. K. 2010. “The Emergence of Nonprofit Self-Regulation in Africa.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 39 (6): 1087–1112. doi:10.1177/0899764010372972.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gugerty, M. K., and A. Prakash. 2010. “Voluntary Regulation of NGOs and Nonprofits: An Introduction to the Club Framework.” In Voluntary Regulation of NGOs and Nonprofits: An Accountability Club Framework, edited by M. K. Gugerty and A. Prakash, 3–40. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gujarati, D., and D. Porter. 2009. Basic Econometrics. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Guo, C., and M. Acar. 2005. “Understanding Collaboration among Nonprofit Organizations: Combining Resource Dependency, Institutional, and Network Perspectives.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 34 (3): 340–361. doi:10.1177/0899764005275411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helou, Z. 2004. “Mobilizing NGO Human and Financial Resources.” In Internal Governance for NGOs in Lebanon, edited by L. Ball-Lechgar and G. Makarem, 97–108. Lebanon: IEC Unit, Ministry of Social Affairs.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, E., and A. Prakash. 2007. “NGO Research Program: A Collective Action Perspective.” Policy Sciences 40 (3): 221–240. doi:10.1007/s11077-007-9043-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan, L. 2005. “Mechanisms for NGO Accountability.” Research Paper Series No.3. Global Public Policy Institute, Berlin, Germany. http://www.globalpublicpolicy.net.
   Google Scholar
• Kingston, P. 2001. “Patrons, Clients and Civil Society: A Case Study of Environmental Politics in Postwar Lebanon.” Arab Studies Quarterly 23 (1): 55–72.
   Google Scholar
• Laratta, R. 2011. “Ethical Climate and Accountability in Nonprofit Organizations: A Comparative Study between Japan and the UK.” Public Management Review 13 (1): 43–63. doi:10.1080/14719037.2010.501620.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence, T. B., and N. Phillips. 2004. “From Moby Dick to Free Willy: Macro-Cultural Discourse and Institutional Entrepreneurship in Emerging Institutional Fields.” Organization 11 (5): 689–711. doi:10.1177/1350508404046457.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lister, S. 1999. “Power in Partnership? an Analysis of an NGO’s Relationships with Its Partners.” International Working Paper 5. London: London School of Economics.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, J., and D. Suárez. 2014. “The Flow of Management Practices: An Analysis of NGO Monitoring and Evaluation Dynamics.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 43 (6): 1033–1051. doi:10.1177/0899764013494117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdam, D., and W. R. Scott. 2005. “Organizations and Movements.” In Social Movements and Organization Theory, edited by G. F. Davis, D. McAdam, W. R. Scott, and M. N. Zald, 4–40. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, J., and B. Rowan. 1977. “Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony.” American Journal of Sociology 83: 340–363. doi:10.1086/226550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molnár, M. 2008. “The Accountability Paradigm: Standards of Excellence: Theory and Research Evidence from Hungary.” Public Management Review 10 (1): 127–137. doi:10.1080/14719030701763245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagel, C., and L. Staeheli. 2015. “Nature, Environmentalism, and the Politics of Citizenship in Post-Civil War Lebanon.” Cultural Geographies 23 (2): 247–263. doi:10.1177/1474474015572304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikolic, S., and T. Koontz. 2007. “Nonprofit Organizations in Environmental Management: A Comparative Analysis of Government Impacts.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 18: 441–463. doi:10.1093/jopart/mum022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver, C. 1991. “Strategic Responses to Institutional Processes.” The Academy of Management Review 16 (1): 145–179. doi:10.5465/AMR.1991.4279002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver, C. 1997. “Sustainable Competitive Advantage: Combining Institutional and Resource-Based Views.” Strategic Management Journal 18 (9): 697–713. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozman, M., and D. Findik. 2008. “Friends or Foes? A Network Approach to the Relations among Women’s Organizations in Turkey.” STPS Working Papers. http://stps.metu.edu.tr/sites/stps.metu.edu.tr/files/0804_0.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Pfeffer, J., and G. Salancik. 1978. The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective. New York, NY: Haper and Row Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Porter, T., and K. Ronit. 2006. “Self-Regulation as Policy Process: The Multiple and Criss-Crossing Stages of Private Rule-Making.” Policy Sciences 1 (39): 41–72. doi:10.1007/s11077-006-9008-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prakash, A., and M. K. Gugerty. 2010. “Trust but Verify: Voluntary Regulation Programs in the Nonprofit Sector.” Regulation and Governance 4 (1): 2247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sidel, M. 2005. “The Guardians Guarding Themselves: A Comparative Perspective on Nonprofit Self-Regulation.” Chicago Kent Law Review 80 (2): 803–838.
   Google Scholar
• Sidel, M. 2010. “The Promise and Limits of Collective Action for Nonprofit Self-Regulation: Evidence from Asia.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 39 (6): 1039–1056. doi:10.1177/0899764010371514.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sloan, M. F. 2009. “The Effects of Nonprofit Accountability Ratings on Donor Behavior.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 38 (2): 220–236. doi:10.1177/0899764008316470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, A. 2013. “Information Symmetry in U.S. Financial Market Regulation: A Community of Practice.” International Public Management Journal 16 (4): 504–531. doi:10.1080/10967494.2013.849158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streeter, C. L., and D. F. Gillespie. 1993. “Social Network Analysis.” Journal of Social Service Research 16 (1–2): 201–222. doi:10.1300/J079v16n01_10.
   Google Scholar
• Thomson, D. E. 2011. “The Role of Funders in Driving Nonprofit Performance Measurement and Use in Strategic Management.” Public Performance & Management Review 35 (1): 54–78. doi:10.2753/PMR1530-9576350103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tremblay-Boire, J., A. Prakash, and M. K. Gugerty. 2016. “Regulation by Reputation: Monitoring and Sanctioning in Nonprofit Accountability Clubs.” Public Administration Review 76: 712–722. doi:10.1111/puar.12539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tschirhart, M., and B. Gazley. 2014. “Advancing Scholarship on Membership Associations: New Research and Next Steps.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 43 (2S): 3–17S. doi:10.1177/0899764013517052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2009. Assessment of Capacity Building Needs of NGOs in Lebanon. Beirut, Lebanon: United Nations Development Programme.
   Google Scholar
• Van Raaij, D. 2006. “Norms Network Members Use: An Alternative Perspective for Indicating Network Success or Failure.” International Public Management Journal 9 (3): 249–270. doi:10.1080/10967490600899549.
   Google Scholar
• Verschuere, B., and J. De Corte. 2014. “The Impact of Public Resource Dependence on the Autonomy of NPOs in Their Strategic Decision Making.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 43 (2): 293–313. doi:10.1177/0899764012462072.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhan, X., and S. Tang. 2016. “Understanding the Implications of Government Ties for Nonprofit Operations and Functions.” Public Administration Review 76: 589–600. doi:10.1111/puar.12515.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar