766
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The determinants of whistleblowing in public administrations: an analysis conducted in Italian health organizations, universities, and municipalities

&

References

  • ACFE (Association of Certified Fraud Examiners) 2016. Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse. Austin, TX: Association of Certified Fraud Examiners.
  • Agresti, A. 2013. Categorical Data Analysis. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Avakian, S., and J. Roberts. 2012. “Whistleblowers in Organisations: Prophets at Work?” Journal of Business Ethics 110 (1): 71–84. doi:10.1007/s10551-011-1148-7.
  • Barnett, T. 1992. “A Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship between Selected Organizational Characteristics and External Whistleblowing by Employees.” Journal of Business Ethics 11: 949–959.
  • Brody, R., J. Coulter, and P. Mihalek. 1998. “Whistle-Blowing: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Ethical Perceptions of U.S. And Japanese Accounting Students.” American Business Review 16 (2): 14–21.
  • Brown, A. J., and M. Donkin. 2008. “Introduction.” In Whistleblowing in the Australian Public Sector: Enhancing the Theory and Practice of Internal Witness Management in Public Sector Organisations, edited by A. J. Brown, 1-22 Canberra: ANU E Press.
  • Caillier, J., and Y. Sa. 2017. “Do Transformational-Oriented Leadership and Transactional-Oriented Leadership Have an Impact on Whistle-Blowing Attitudes? A Longitudinal Examination Conducted in US Federal Agencies.” Public Management Review 19 (4): 406–422. doi:10.1080/14719037.2016.1177109.
  • Cassematis, P. G., and R. Wortley. 2013. “Prediction of Whistleblowing or Non-Reporting Observation: The Role of Personal and Situational Factors.” Journal of Business Ethics 117 (3): 615–634. doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1548-3.
  • Chiasson, M., H. G. Johnson, and J. R. Byington. 1995. “Blowing the Whistle: Accountants in Industry.” CPA Journal 65 (2): 24–27.
  • Ching-Pu, C., and C.-T. Lai. 2014. “To Blow or Not to Blow the Whistle: The Effects of Potential Harm, Social Pressure and Organisational Commitment on Whistleblowing Intention and Behavior.” Business Ethics: A European Review 23 (3): 327–342. doi:10.1111/beer.12053.
  • Council of Europe. 2009. Joint First and Second Evaluation Round, Evaluation Report on Italy. Strasbourg: GRECO Secretariat.
  • Council of Europe. 2011. Joint First and Second Round Evaluation Compliance Report on Italy. Strasbourg: GRECO Secretariat.
  • Daft, R. L. 2016. Organizational Theory and Design. 12th ed. Mason, OH: South Western Educational Publishing.
  • Daft, R. L., and P. Bradshaw. 1980. “The Process of Horizontal Differentiation: Two Models.” Administrative Science Quarterly 25: 441–456. doi:10.2307/2392262.
  • De Graaf, G. 2015. “What Works: The Role of Confidential Integrity Advisors and Effective Whistleblowing.” International Public Management Journal 18 (3): 386–389. doi:10.1080/10967494.2015.1094163.
  • Dewar, R., and J. Hage. 1978. “Size, Technology, Complexity, and Structural Differentiation: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis.” Administrative Science Quarterly 23: 111–136. doi:10.2307/2392436.
  • DiMaggio, P. J., and W. W. Powell. 1983. “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.” American Sociological Review 48 (2): 147–160. doi:10.2307/2095101.
  • Dyck, A., A. Morse, and L. Zingales. 2010. “Who Blows the Whistle on Corporate Fraud?” The Journal of Finance 65: 2213–2253. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01614.x.
  • Ergeneli, A. 2005. “A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Ethical Behavior in Business Related Dilemmas: A Comparison among Turkish, Egyptian, Kirghiz and Kazak Marketing Employees.” Problems & Perspectives in Management 2: 135–147.
  • Geeraerts, G. 1984. “The Effect of Ownership on the Organization Structure in Small Firms.” Administrative Science Quarterly 29: 232–237. doi:10.2307/2393175.
  • Gernon, H. 1993. “Discussion of an Investigation of the Reporting of Questionable Acts in an International Setting.” Journal of Accounting Research 31: 104–110. doi:10.2307/2491166.
  • Gong, T., S. Wang, and J. Ren. 2015. “Corruption in the Eye of the Beholder: Survey Evidence from Mainland China and Hong Kong.” International Public Management Journal 18 (3): 458–482. doi:10.1080/10967494.2015.1057629.
  • Granville, K. 1999. “The Implications of an Organization’s Structure on Whistleblowing.” Journal of Business Ethics 20: 315–326. doi:10.1023/A:1006028417000.
  • Gundlach, M., S. Douglas, and M. Martinko. 2003. “The Decision to Blow the Whistle: A Social Information Processing Framework.” Academy of Management Review 28 (1): 107–123. doi:10.2307/30040692.
  • Hassink, H., M. De Vries, and L. Bollen. 2007. “A Content Analysis of Whistleblowing Policies of Leading European Companies.” Journal of Business Ethics 75 (1): 25–44. doi:10.1007/s10551-006-9236-9.
  • Hsu, C., R. M. Marsh, and H. Mannari. 1983. “An Examination of the Determinants of Organizational Structure.” American Journal of Sociology 88: 975–996. doi:10.1086/227766.
  • Italian National Anti-Corruption Authority. 2014. Report to the Parliament. Rome: Italian Government.
  • Kaptein, M. 2011. “From Inaction to External Whistleblowing: The Influence of the Ethical Culture of Organizations on Employee Responses to Observed Wrongdoing.” Journal of Business Ethics 98: 513–530. doi:10.1007/s10551-010-0591-1.
  • Keane, C. 1995. “Loosely Coupled Systems and Unlawful Behaviour: Organization Theory and Corporate Crime.” In Corporate Crime: Contemporary Debates, edited by F. Pearce and L. Snider, 168–178 Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
  • Keenan, J. P. 1990. “Upper-Level Managers and Whistleblowing: Determinants of Perceptions of Company Encouragement and Information about Where to Blow the Whistle.” Journal of Business and Psychology 5 (2): 223–235. doi:10.1007/BF01014334.
  • Kimberly, J. R. 1976. “Organizational Size and the Structuralist Perspective: A Review, Critique and Proposal.” Administrative Science Quarterly 21: 571–597. doi:10.2307/2391717.
  • King, G. 1999. “The Implications of an Organization's Structure on Whistleblowing.” Journal of Business Ethics 20: 315–326. doi:10.1023/A:1006028417000.
  • KPMG. 2011. Global Profiles of the Fraudster Survey. Zurich: KPMG International Cooperative.
  • Larmer, R. A. 1992. “Whistleblowing and Employee Loyalty.” Journal of Business Ethics 11 (2): 125–128. doi:10.1007/BF00872319.
  • Laufer, W., and G. Geis. 2002. “Corporate Crime and a New Brand of Cooperative Regulation.” Cahiers De Defense Sociale 15: 139–148.
  • Lewis, D. 2011. “Whistleblowing in a Changing Legal Climate: Is it Time to Revisit our Approach to Trust and Loyalty at the Workplace?” Business Ethics: A European Review 20: 71–87. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8608.2010.01609.x.
  • MacGregor, J., and M. Stuebs. 2014. “The Silent Samaritan Syndrome: Why the Whistle Remains Unblown.” Journal of Business Ethics 120: 149–164. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1639-9.
  • Mansbach, A. 2007. “Political Surplus of Whistleblowing: A Case Study.” Business Ethics: A European Review 16: 124–131. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8608.2007.00483.x.
  • Mathews, M. C. 1987. “Codes of Ethics: Organizational Behavior and Misbehavior.” In Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy, edited by W. C. Frederick, 107–130. Stamford, CT: JAI Press.
  • Mazerolle, P., and A. Brown. 2008. “Support for Whistleblowing among Managers: Exploring Job Satisfaction and Awareness of Obligations.” In Whistleblowing in the Australian Public Sector Canberra, edited by A. Brown, 165–181. Canberra: Australian Capital Territory, Australian National University Press.
  • Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., and C. Viswesvaran. 2005. “Whistleblowing in Organizations: An Examination of Correlates of Whistleblowing Intentions, Actions, and Retaliation.” Journal of Business Ethics 62 (3): 277–297. doi:10.1007/s10551-005-0849-1.
  • Miceli, M. P., and J. P. Near. 1984. “the Relationships among Beliefs, Organizational Position, and Whistle-Blowing Status: A Discriminant analysis.” Academy of Management Journal 27: 687–705. doi:10.2307/255873.
  • Miceli, M. P., and J. P. Near. 1988. “Individual and Situational Correlates of Whistleblowing.” Personnel Psychology 41: 267–281. doi:10.1111/peps.1988.41.issue-2.
  • Miceli, M. P., and J. P. Near. 1992. Blowing the Whistle: The Organizational & Legal Implications for Companies and Employees. New York, NY: Lexington Book.
  • Miceli, M. P., and J. P. Near. 2002. “What Makes Whistle-Blowers Effective? Three Field Studies.” Human Relations 55 (4): 455–479. doi:10.1177/0018726702055004463.
  • Miceli, M. P., J. P. Near, and T. Dworkin. 2008. Whistle Blowing in Organizations. New York, NY: Routledge. doi:10.1007/BF01014334.
  • Miceli, M. P., J. P. Near, and T. Dworkin. 2009. “A Word to the Wise: How Managers and Policy-Makers Can Encourage Employees to Report Wrongdoing.” Journal of Business Ethics 86: 379–396. doi:10.1007/s10551-008-9853-6.
  • Mintzberg, H. 1979. The Structuring of Organizations. Upper Saddle River, US: Prentice-Hall.
  • Moran, J., R. Flanary, and A. Doig. 1999. “Directions and Ownership.” Public Management: An International Journal of Research and Theory 1 (4): 593–601. doi:10.1080/14719039900000029.
  • Nayir, D., and C. Herzig. 2012. “Value Orientations as Determinants of Preference for External and Anonymous Whistleblowing.” Journal of Business Ethics 107: 197–213. doi:10.1007/s10551-011-1033-4.
  • Near, J. P., and M. P. Miceli. 1985. “Organizational Dissidence: The Case of Whistle-Blowing.” Journal of Business Ethics 4: 1–16. doi:10.1007/BF00382668.
  • Near, J. P., and M. P. Miceli. 1987. “Whistleblowers in Organizations: Dissidents or Reformers?” In Research in Organizational Behavior, edited by B. M. Staw and L. L. Cummings, 321–368. Bingley: JAI Press.
  • O'Sullivan, P., and O. Ngau. 2014. “Whistleblowing: A Critical Philosophical Analysis of the Component Moral Decisions of the Act and Some New Perspectives on its Moral Significance.” Business Ethics: A European Review 23: 401–415. doi:10.1111/beer.12058.
  • Perry, N. 1998. “Indecent Exposures: Theorizing Whistleblowing.” Organization Studies 19 (2): 235–257. doi:10.1177/017084069801900204.
  • Pillay, S., S. Reddy, and D. Morgan. 2017. “Institutional Isomorphism and Whistle-Blowing Intentions in Public Sector Institutions.” Public Management Review 19 (4): 423–442. doi:10.1080/14719037.2016.1178322.
  • Previtali, P., and P. Cerchiello. 2017. “Structuring Supervisory Board for an Anti-Corruption Strategy: A New Application of A Compliance System.” Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 17 (1): 48–63. doi:10.1108/CG-09-2015-0126.
  • Rachagan, S., and K. Kuppusamy. 2013. “Encouraging Whistle Blowing to Improve Corporate Governance? A Malaysian Initiative.” Journal of Business Ethics 115: 367–382. doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1402-7.
  • Reimann, B. 1973. “On the Dimensions of Bureaucratic Structure: An Empirical Reappraisal.” Administrative Science Quarterly 18: 462–476. doi:10.2307/2392199.
  • Rothschild, J., and T. D. Miethe. 1999. “Whistle-Blower Disclosures and Management Retaliation: The Battle to Control Information about Organization Corruption.” Work and Occupations 26 (1): 107–128. doi:10.1177/0730888499026001006.
  • Scott, W. R. 1995. Institutions and Organizations. Ideas, Interests and Identities. New York, NY: Sage.
  • Sims, R. L., and J. P. Keenan. 1998. “Predictors of External Whistleblowing: Organizational and Intrapersonal Variables.” Journal of Business Ethics 17: 411–421. doi:10.1023/A:1005763807868.
  • Smith, R. 2010. “The Role of Whistle-Blowing in Governing Well: Evidence from the Australian Public Sector.” The American Review of Public Administration 40 (6): 704–721. doi:10.1177/0275074010370201.
  • Stewart, L. P. 1990. “Whistleblowing: Implications for Organizational Communication.” In Organizational Communication, edited by S. D. Ferguson and S. Ferguson, 303–316. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
  • Street, M. D. 1995. “Cognitive Moral Development and Organizational Commitment: Two Potential Predictors of Whistle-Blowing.” Journal of Applied Business Research 11 (4): 104–110.
  • Taylor, E. Z., and M. B. Curtis. 2010. “An Examination of the Layers of Workplace Influences in Ethical Judgments: Whistleblowing Likelihood and Perseverance in Public Accounting.” Journal of Business Ethics 93: 21–37. doi:10.1007/s10551-009-0179-9.
  • Teo, H., and D. Caspersz. 2011. “Dissenting Discourse: Exploring Alternatives to the Whistleblowing/Silence Dichotomy.” Journal of Business Ethics 104: 237–249. doi:10.1007/s10551-011-0906-x.
  • Thomas, J. Z., and D. L. Miller. 2005. “Examining Culture’s Effect on Whistle-Blowing and Peer Reporting.” Business & Society 44 (4): 462–486. doi:10.1177/0007650305281848.
  • Vandekerckhove, W. 2006. Whistleblowing and Organizational Social Responsibility: A Global Assessment. Farnham, UK: Ashgate Publishing.
  • Vandekerckhove, W., and D. Lewis. 2012. “The Content of Whistleblowing Procedures: A Critical Review of Recent Official Guidelines.” Journal of Business Ethics 108: 253–264. doi:10.1007/s10551-011-1089-1.
  • Vandekerckhove, W., and M. S. R. Commers. 2004. “Whistle Blowing and Rational Loyalty.” Journal of Business Ethics 53: 225–233. doi:10.1023/B:BUSI.0000039411.11986.6b.
  • Weick, K. E. 1976. “Educational Organizations As Loosely Coupled Systems.” Administrative Science Quarterly 21: 1–19. doi:10.2307/2391875.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.