885
Views
50
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Ecotourists' loyalty: will they tell about the destination or will they return?

&
Pages 85-103 | Received 30 Jun 2008, Accepted 26 Jan 2009, Published online: 17 May 2010

References

  • Ayala , H. 1995 . From quality product to ecoproduct: Will Fiji set a precedent? . Tourism Management , 16 ( 1 ) : 39 – 47 .
  • Backman , S. , Petrick , J. and Wright , B. A. 2001 . “ Management tools and techniques: An integrated approach to planning ” . In The encyclopedia of ecotourism , Edited by: Weaver , D. B. 451 – 461 . Wallingford, UK : CABI Publishing .
  • Baker , D. A. and Crompton , J. L. 2000 . Quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions . Annals of Tourism Research , 27 ( 3 ) : 785 – 804 .
  • Baloglu , S. , Pekcan , A. , Chen , S. L. and Santos , J. 2003 . The relationship between destination performance, overall satisfaction, and behavioral intention for distinct segments . Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism , 4 ( 3/4 ) : 149 – 165 .
  • Bentler , P. M. 1989 . EQS structural equations program manual , Los Angeles : BMDP Statistical Software .
  • Bentler , P. M. and Bonett , D. G. 1980 . Significance tests and goodness-of-fit in the analysis of covariance structures . Psychological Bulletin , 88 ( 3 ) : 588 – 606 .
  • Bitner , M. J. 1990 . Evaluating service encounters: The effects of physical surroundings and employee responses . Journal of Marketing , 54 ( 2 ) : 69 – 82 .
  • Blamey , R. K. 1997 . Ecotourism: The search for an operational definition . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 5 ( 2 ) : 109 – 130 .
  • Boo , E. 1990 . Ecotourism: The potentials and pitfalls: Country case studies , Washington, DC : World Wildlife Fund .
  • Browne , M. W. and Cudeck , R. 1993 . “ Alternative ways of assessing model fit ” . In Testing structural equation models , Edited by: Bollen , K. A. and Long , J. S. 136 – 162 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
  • Buckley , R. 1994 . A framework for ecotourism . Annals of Tourism Research , 21 ( 3 ) : 661 – 669 .
  • Burton , R. 1998 . Maintaining the quality of ecotourism: Ecotour operators' responses to tourism growth . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 6 ( 2 ) : 117 – 142 .
  • Buttle , F. A. 1998 . Word of mouth: Understanding and managing referral marketing . Journal of Strategic Marketing , 6 ( 3 ) : 241 – 254 .
  • Carman , J. M. 1990 . Consumer perceptions of service quality: An assessment of the Servqual dimensions . Journal of Retailing , 66 ( 1 ) : 33 – 55 .
  • Ceballos-Lascurain , H. 1987 . The future of ecotourism . Mexico Journal , : 13 – 14 .
  • Chan , J. K.L. 2007 . Motivation factors of ecotourists in ecolodge accommodation: The push and pull factors . Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research , 12 ( 4 ) : 349 – 364 .
  • Chan , J. K.L. and Baum , T. 2007 . Ecotourists' perception of ecotourism experience in lower Kinabatangan, Sabah, Malaysia . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 15 ( 5 ) : 574 – 590 .
  • Cronin , J. J. , Brady , M. K. and Hult , G. T.M. 2000 . Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments . Journal of Retailing , 76 ( 2 ) : 193 – 218 .
  • Cronin , J. J. and Taylor , S. A. 1992 . Measuring service quality: A reexamination and extension . Journal of Marketing , 56 ( 3 ) : 55 – 68 .
  • Cronin , J. J. and Taylor , S. A. 1994 . Servperf versus Servqual: Reconciling performance-based and perceptions-minus-expectations measurement of service quality . Journal of Marketing , 58 ( 1 ) : 125 – 131 .
  • Danaher , P. J. and Arweiler , N. 1996 . Customer satisfaction in the tourist industry: A case study of visitors to New Zealand . Journal of Travel Research , 35 ( 1 ) : 89 – 93 .
  • Day , G. S. 1969 . A two-dimensional concept of brand loyalty . Journal of Advertising Research , 9 ( 3 ) : 29 – 35 .
  • Deng , J. , King , B. and Bauer , T. 2002 . Evaluating natural attractions for tourism . Annals of Tourism Research , 29 ( 2 ) : 422 – 438 .
  • Donohoe , H. M. and Needham , R. D. 2006 . Ecotourism: The evolving contemporary definition . Journal of Ecotourism , 5 ( 3 ) : 192 – 210 .
  • Duffy , R. 2002 . A trip too far: Ecotourism, politics, and exploitation , London : Earthscan .
  • Eagles , P. F.J. 1992 . The travel motivations of Canadian ecotourists . Journal of Travel Research , 31 ( 2 ) : 3 – 7 .
  • Eagles , P. F.J. and Cascagnette , J. W. 1995 . Canadian ecotourists: Who are they . Tourism Recreation Research , 20 ( 1 ) : 22 – 28 .
  • Epler , B. 1993 . An economic and social analysis of tourism in the Galapagos Islands , Narragansett, RI : Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island .
  • Epler , B. 2007 . Tourism, the economy, population growth, and conservation in Galapagos , Galapagos, , Ecuador : Charles Darwin Foundation .
  • Fennell , D. A. 1990 . A profile of ecotourists and the benefits derived from their experiences: A Costa Rica case study , Waterloo, Ontario, , Canada : Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo . Unpublished MA Thesis
  • Fennell , D. A. 2001 . A content analysis of ecotourism definitions . Current Issues in Tourism , 4 ( 5 ) : 403 – 421 .
  • Fennell , D. A. 2003 . Ecotourism: An introduction , London : Routledge .
  • Fennell , D. A. and Eagles , P. F.J. 1990 . Ecotourism in Costa Rica: A conceptual framework . Journal of Park and Recreation Administration , 8 ( 1 ) : 23 – 34 .
  • Finn , M. , Elliott , M. and Walton , M. 2000 . Tourism and leisure research methods: Data collection, analysis and interpretation , Harlow, , UK : Longman .
  • Gallarza , M. G. and Gil-Saura , I. 2006 . Value dimensions, perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty: An investigation of university students' travel behaviour . Tourism Management , 27 ( 3 ) : 437 – 452 .
  • Gobierno Provincial Del Guayas . 2008 . Plan Maestro Guayas 2018 Retrieved January 18, 2004, from http://www.guayas.gov.ec/plan_turismo.php
  • Hu , L. T. and Bentler , P. M. 1998 . Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification . Psychological Methods , 3 ( 4 ) : 424 – 453 .
  • Ingram , C. D. and Durst , P. B. 1989 . Nature-oriented tour operators: Travel to developing countries . Journal of Travel Research , 28 ( 2 ) : 11 – 15 .
  • International Ecotourism Society . 2006 . Fact sheet: Global ecotourism , Bennington, VT : Author .
  • Jacoby , J. and Chestnut , R. W. 1978 . Brand loyalty: Measurement and management , New York : Wiley .
  • Kerstetter , D. L. , Hou , J. S. and Lin , C. H. 2004 . Profiling Taiwanese ecotourists using a behavioral approach . Tourism Management , 25 ( 4 ) : 491 – 498 .
  • Khan , M. M. 1997 . Tourism development and dependency theory: Mass tourism vs. ecotourism . Annals of Tourism Research , 24 ( 4 ) : 988 – 991 .
  • Khan , M. M. and Su , K. D. 2003 . Service quality expectations of travelers visiting Cheju Island in Korea . Journal of Ecotourism , 2 ( 2 ) : 114 – 125 .
  • Lee , C. K. 1997 . Valuation of nature-based tourism resources using dichotomous choice contingent valuation method . Tourism Management , 18 ( 8 ) : 587 – 591 .
  • Lee , W. H. and Moscardo , G. 2005 . Understanding the impact of ecotourism resort experiences on tourists' environmental attitudes and behavioural intentions . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 13 ( 6 ) : 546 – 565 .
  • Lindberg , K. 1998 . “ Economic aspects of ecotourism ” . In Ecotourism: A guide for planners and managers , Edited by: Epler Wood , M. and Lindberg , K. Vol. 2 , North Bennington, VT : Ecotourism Society .
  • Lindberg , K. and Aylward , B. 1999 . Price responsiveness in the developing country nature tourism context: Review and Costa Rican case study . Journal of Leisure Research , 31 ( 3 ) : 281 – 299 .
  • McKercher , B. 1993 . Some fundamental truths about tourism: Understanding tourism's social and environmental impacts . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 1 ( 1 ) : 6 – 16 .
  • McKercher , B. 1998 . The politics of tourism and conservation organizations: The case of the Victorian National Parks Association 1952–1996 . Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research , 4 ( 2 ) : 141 – 157 .
  • Meric , H. J. and Hunt , J. 1998 . Ecotourists' motivational and demographic characteristics: A case of North Carolina travelers . Journal of Travel Research , 36 ( 4 ) : 57 – 61 .
  • Murphy , P. E. and Pritchard , M. 1997 . Destination price-value perceptions: An examination of origin and seasonal influences . Journal of Travel Research , 35 ( 3 ) : 16 – 22 .
  • New Scientist Magazine . 2007 . Rampant tourism leaves Galapagos in big trouble . Reed Business Information , 194 ( 2600 ) : 6
  • Oh , H. 1999 . Service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer value: A holistic perspective . International Journal of Hospitality Management , 18 ( 1 ) : 67 – 82 .
  • Oliver , R. L. 1997 . Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer , New York : McGraw Hill .
  • Oliver , R. L. 1980 . A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions . Journal of Marketing Research , 17 ( 4 ) : 460 – 469 .
  • Oppermann , M. 1997 . First-time and repeat visitors to New Zealand . Tourism Management , 18 ( 3 ) : 177 – 181 .
  • Oppermann , M. 2000 . Tourism destination loyalty . Journal of Travel Research , 39 ( 1 ) : 78 – 84 .
  • Otto , J. E. and Ritchie , J. R.B. 1996 . The service experience in tourism . Tourism Management , 17 ( 3 ) : 165 – 174 .
  • Page , J. S. and Dowling , R. K. 2002 . Ecotourism: Themes in tourism , Essex : Pearson Education .
  • Palacio , V. and McCool , S. F. 1997 . Identifying ecotourists in Belize through benefit segmentation: A preliminary analysis . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 5 ( 3 ) : 234 – 243 .
  • Parasuraman , A. , Zeithaml , V. A. and Berry , L. L. 1988 . Servqual: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality . Journal of Retailing , 64 ( 1 ) : 12 – 40 .
  • Peter , J. P. , Churchill , J. G.A. and Brown , T. J. 1993 . Caution in the use of difference scores in consumer research . Journal of Consumer Research , 19 ( 4 ) : 655 – 662 .
  • Petrick , J. F. 2004 . Are loyal visitors' desired visitors? . Tourism Management , 25 ( 4 ) : 463 – 470 .
  • Pizam , A. , Neumann , Y. and Reichel , A. 1978 . Dimensions of tourist satisfaction with a destination area . Annals of Tourism Research , 5 ( 3 ) : 314 – 322 .
  • Powell , R. B. and Ham , S. H. in press . Can ecotourism interpretation really lead to pro-conservation knowledge, attitudes and behaviour? Evidence from the Galapagos Islands . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 16 ( 4 ) : 467 – 489 .
  • Ryan , C. , Hughes , K. and Chirgwin , S. 2000 . The gaze, spectacle and ecotourism . Annals of Tourism Research , 27 ( 1 ) : 148 – 163 .
  • Ryel , R. and Grasse , T. 1991 . Marketing ecotourism in Whelan , 164 – 186 . Washington, DC : Nature Tourism Island Press .
  • Saarinen , J. 2005 . “ Tourism in the northern wildernesses: Wilderness discourses and the development of nature-based tourism in northern Finland ” . In Nature-based tourism in peripheral areas – development or disaster? , Edited by: Hall , C. M. and Boyd , S. 36 – 49 . Clevedon, , UK : Channel View Publications .
  • Sánchez , J. , Callarisa , L. , Rodríguez , R. M. and Moliner , M. A. 2006 . Perceived value of the purchase of a tourism product . Tourism Management , 27 ( 3 ) : 394 – 409 .
  • Shackley , M. 1996 . Wildlife tourism , London : Thompson Business Press .
  • Sharpley , R. 2006 . Ecotourism: A consumption perspective . Journal of Ecotourism , 5 ( 1 ) : 7 – 22 .
  • Sirakaya , E. 1997 . Attitudinal compliance with ecotourism guidelines . Annals of Tourism Research , 24 ( 4 ) : 919 – 950 .
  • Starmer-Smith , C. 2004, 6 November . Eco-friendly tourism on the rise . Daily Telegraph Travel , 4
  • Stevens , B. F. 1992 . Price value perceptions of travelers . Journal of Travel Research , 31 ( 2 ) : 44 – 48 .
  • Stokes , D. and Lomax , W. 2002 . Taking control of word of mouth marketing: The case of an entrepreneurial hotelier . Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development , 9 ( 4 ) : 349 – 357 .
  • Szymanski , D. M. and Henard , D. H. 2001 . Customer satisfaction: A meta-analysis of the empirical evidence . Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science , 29 ( 1 ) : 16 – 35 .
  • Taylor , S. A. 1997 . Assessing regression-based importance weights for quality perceptions and satisfaction judgments in the presence of higher order and/or interaction effects . Journal of Retailing , 73 ( 1 ) : 135 – 159 .
  • Teas , R. K. 1994 . Expectations as a comparison standard in measuring service quality: An assessment of a reassessment . Journal of Marketing , 58 ( 1 ) : 132 – 139 .
  • Urry , J. 1990 . The tourist gaze: Leisure and travel in contemporary societies , London : Sage Publications .
  • Wall , G. Paper presented at the Seminar on the Environment of the Academic and Scientific Community of Mexico . Toluca, Mexico. Ecological reserves and protected areas: The challenge of ecotourism ,
  • Watkins , G. and Cruz , F. 2007 . Galapagos at risk: A socioeconomic analysis of the situation in the archipelago , Puerto Ayora, , Ecuador : Charles Darwin Foundation .
  • Weaver , D. B. 2001a . Ecotourism , Milton, QLD : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Weaver , D. B. 2001b . Ecotourism as mass tourism: Contradiction or reality . Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly , 42 ( 2 ) : 104 – 112 .
  • Wight , P. A. 1996 . North American ecotourists: Market profile and trip characteristics . Journal of Travel Research , 34 ( 4 ) : 2 – 10 .
  • Wight , P. A. 1997 . Ecotourism accommodation spectrum: Does supply match the demand? . Tourism Management , 18 ( 4 ) : 209 – 220 .
  • Wight , P. A. 2001 . “ Ecotourists: Not a homogeneous market segment ” . In The encyclopedia of ecotourism , Edited by: Weaver , D. B. 37 – 62 . Oxfordshire, UK : CABI Publishing .
  • Williams , P. W. 1992 . A local framework for ecotourism development . Western Wildlands , 18 ( 3 ) : 14 – 19 .
  • Williams , N. 2006 . Pressure points . Current Biology , 16 ( 10 ) : R343
  • Yoon , Y. and Uysal , M. 2005 . An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: A structural model . Tourism Management , 26 ( 1 ) : 45 – 56 .
  • Zeithaml , V. A. 1988 . Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence . Journal of Marketing , 52 ( 3 ) : 2 – 22 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.