Farmland tree species diversity and spatial distribution pattern in semi-arid East Shewa, Ethiopia

References

• Abate A, Fetene M, Woldu Z. 1998. Investigations on canopy features of three indigenous woodland tree species of Ethiopia. SINET Ethiop J Sci. 21:113–132.
   Google Scholar
• Ataa-Asantewaa M. 2013. Local knowledge of farmers on farm tree management, East Shewa Zone, Ethiopia [dissertation]. Bangor, ME: Bangor University.
   Google Scholar
• Atta-Krah K, Kindt R, Skilton JN, Amaral W. 2004. Managing biological and genetic diversity in tropical agroforestry. Agrofor Syst. 61:183–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baudron F, Mamo A, Tirfessa D, Argaw M. 2015. Impact of farmland exclosure on the productivity and sustainability of a mixed crop-livestock system in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 207:109–118.10.1016/j.agee.2015.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekele A. 2007. Useful trees and shrubs for Ethiopia: identification, propagation and management for 17 agro climatic zones. Nairobi: World Agroforestry, Centre East Africa Region.
   Google Scholar
• Bray JR, Curtis JT. 1957. An ordination of upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin. Ecol Monograph. 27:325–349.10.2307/1942268
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colwell RK. 2009. Biodiversity: concepts, patterns, and measurement. In: Levin SA, editor. The Princeton guide to ecology. New Jersey: Princeton University Press; p. 257–263.
   Google Scholar
• Colwell RK. 2013. EstimateS: statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. Version 9 [Internet]. Available from: http://purl.oclc.org/estimates.
   Google Scholar
• Duguma LA, Hager H. 2010. Woody plants diversity and possession, and their future prospects in small-scale tree and shrub growing in agricultural landscapes in central highlands of Ethiopia. Small Scale For. 9:153–174.10.1007/s11842-009-9108-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fashing PJ, Forrestel A, Scully C, Cords M. 2004. Long-term tree population dynamics and their implications for the conservation of the Kakamega Forest, Kenya. Biodivers Conserv. 13:753–771.10.1023/B:BIOC.0000011724.34275.73
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garedew E, Sandewall M, Söderberg U, Campbell BM. 2009. Land-use and land-cover dynamics in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Environ Manage. 44:683–694.10.1007/s00267-009-9355-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrity D. 2004. Agroforestry and the achievement of the millennium development goals. Agrofor Syst. 61:5–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrity D, Akinnifesi F, Ajayi O, Weldesemayat S, Mowo J, Kalinganire A, Larwanou M, Bayala J. 2010. Evergreen agriculture: a robust approach to sustainable food security in Africa. Food Sec. 2:197–214.10.1007/s12571-010-0070-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hengsdijk H, Jansen H. 2006. Agricultural development in the Central Ethiopian Rift Valley: a desk-study on water-related issues and knowledge to support a policy dialogue. Wageningen: Plant Research International B.V.
   Google Scholar
• Iiyama M, Derero A, Kelemu K, Muthuri C, Kinuthia R, Ayenkulu E, Kiptot E, Hadgu K, Mowo J, Sinclair FL. 2016. Understanding patterns of tree adoption on farms in semi-arid and sub-humid Ethiopia. Agrofor Syst. doi:10.1007/s10457-016-9926-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalaba FK, Quinn CH, Dougill AJ, Vinya R. 2013. Floristic composition, species diversity and carbon storage in charcoal and agriculture fallows and management implications in Miombo woodlands of Zambia. Forest Ecol Manag. 304:99–109.10.1016/j.foreco.2013.04.024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kindt R, Coe R. 2005. Tree diversity analysis: a manual and software for some common statistical methods for biodiversity and ecological analysis. Nairobi: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF).
   Google Scholar
• Lamprecht H. 1989. Silviculture in the tropics. Tropical forest ecosystems and their tree species - possibilities and methods for their long-term utilization. Eschborn: GTZ; p. 296.
   Google Scholar
• Lengkeek AG, Kindt R, van der Maesen LJG, Simons AJ, van Oijen DCC. 2005. Tree density and germplasm source in agroforestry ecosystems in Meru, Mount Kenya. Genet Res Crop Evol. 52:709–721.10.1007/s10722-003-6021-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magurran AE. 2004. Measuring biological diversity. Oxford: Blackwell; p. 256.
   Google Scholar
• Negash M, Yirdaw E, Luukkanen O. 2012. Potential of indigenous multistrata agroforests for maintaining native floristic diversity in the South-Eastern Rift valley escarpment, Ethiopia. Agrofor Syst. 85:9–28.10.1007/s10457-011-9408-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safriel U, Adeel Z. 2005. Dryland systems. In: Hassan R, Scholes R, Ash N, editors. Ecosystems and human well-being, current state and trends, Vol. 1. Washington (DC): Island Press; p. 625–658.
   Google Scholar
• Sanchez P, Buresh R, Leakey R. 1997. Trees, soils, and food security. Phil Trans R Soc London Biol. 352:949–961.10.1098/rstb.1997.0074
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanga AA, Erenso TF, Lemma B. 2014. Effects of three tree species on microclimate and soil amelioration in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. J Soil Sci Environ Manage. 5:62–71.
   Google Scholar
• Woldu Z, Fetene M, Abate A. 1999. Vegetation under different tree species in Acacia woodland in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. SINET Ethiop J Sci. 22:237–254.
   Google Scholar
• Yeo D. 2014. Thinking to practice: applying complexity the water-food-energy nexus in global drylands: bridging science and policy. Barcelona: Barcelona Centre for International Affairs.
   Google Scholar